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Line 32: − === Introduction ===+ Line 39:
Line 39: − === Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation ===+ Line 58:
Line 58: − ====Diet for preservation of health and prevention of diseases ====+ − ===== Quantity of diet and criteria =====+ Line 90:
Line 90: − ===== Inherently heavy and light to digest foods =====+ Line 111:
Line 111: − ===== Basic composition of food =====+ Line 126:
Line 126: − ===== Proportion of heavy and light to digest food =====+ Line 139:
Line 139: − ===== Benefits of proper quantity diet =====+ Line 171:
Line 171: − ===== Forbidden food articles for habitual consumption =====+ Line 201:
Line 201: − ===== Food articles for regular consumption and preservation of health =====+ Line 231:
Line 231: − ==== Daily procedures for preservation of health ====+ Line 250:
Line 250: − ==== [[Anjana]](Collyrium)====+ − ===== Frequency of application and types of collyrium =====+ Line 271:
Line 271: − ===== Direction of use =====+ Line 310:
Line 310: − ===== Importance and benefits of collyrium application =====+ Line 338:
Line 338: − ==== [[Dhumapana]] (Inhalation of smoke/vapours), its types, directions of use and indications ====+ − ===== 1. ''Prayogika [[dhumapana]]'' (therapeutic inhalation for prevention of disease) =====+ Line 398:
Line 398: − ===== 2. Snaihika dhumapana (inhalation of smoke with unctuous substances for reducing dryness) =====+ Line 417:
Line 417: − ===== 3. Vairechanika dhumapana (inhalation of smoke with purgative substances for cleansing) =====+ Line 439:
Line 439: − ===== Indications of [[dhumapana]] =====+ Line 505:
Line 505: − ===== Proper times of administration of [[Dhumapana]] and=====+ Line 553:
Line 553: − ===== Signs of proper [[dhumapana]] =====+ Line 572:
Line 572: − ===== Complications due to excess [[dhumapana]] and their management =====+ Line 607:
Line 607: − ===== Contraindications of [[dhumapana]] =====+ Line 667:
Line 667: − ===== Method of [[dhumapana]] (smoke inhalation) =====+ Line 710:
Line 710: − ===== Dhuma netra (nozzle of smoking pipe) =====+ Line 759:
Line 759: − ===== Effects of less, proper & excess [[Dhumapana]] (smoke inhalation) =====+ Line 800:
Line 800: − ==== [[Nasya]] therapy (nasal errhines), indications and benefits ====+ Line 882:
Line 882: − ===== Anu taila (Preparation of Anu oil), its dose and method of administration =====+ Line 975:
Line 975: − ==== Oral hygiene: Method of cleaning teeth, tongue and directions for tooth brush use ====+ Line 1,034:
Line 1,034: − ===== Mouth fresheners =====+ Line 1,061:
Line 1,061: − ===== Directions of [[Gandusha]] (Oil gargling) and its benefits =====+ Line 1,097:
Line 1,097: − ==== [[Abhyanga]] (therapeutic massage) ====+ − ===== Directions, indications and benefits of [[abhyanga]] (head massage and body massage) =====+ Line 1,194:
Line 1,194: − ===== Directions and benefits of foot massage =====+ Line 1,230:
Line 1,230: − ==== [[Snana]] (bath) and its benefits ====+ Line 1,256:
Line 1,256: − ==== Virtues of proper attire ====+ Line 1,349:
Line 1,349: − ==== Importance of vigilance in self care ====+ Line 1,365:
Line 1,365: − ==== Summary ====+ Line 1,487:
Line 1,487: − + − ====Diet and its quantity ====+ − ==== Daily Regimen ====+ Line 1,503:
Line 1,503: − ==== Research work done ====+ Line 1,511:
Line 1,511: − ===References===+
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== Introduction ==
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A wholesome diet is essential for good health and prevention of disease. Considering the importance of quantity of diet, this tetrad dealing with health commences with this chapter. Two topics are explained here: - the concept of proper quantity of diet and the details of daily regimen. Charak dedicated an entire tetrad (''Annapana chatushkam'') for explaining qualities and effects of dietetics later in this section of [[Sutra Sthana]]. Important aspects of food have also been dealt with in the first and the second chapters of [[Vimana Sthana]]. Diet is the only factor which is responsible for normal health as well as disease. How and what food should be taken is assessed by eight factors. These factors are collectively designated as [[Rasa Vimana # Ashta vidha ahara visheshayatana ( eight specific factors for diet) | ahara visheshayatana ]].
A wholesome diet is essential for good health and prevention of disease. Considering the importance of quantity of diet, this tetrad dealing with health commences with this chapter. Two topics are explained here: - the concept of proper quantity of diet and the details of daily regimen. Charak dedicated an entire tetrad (''Annapana chatushkam'') for explaining qualities and effects of dietetics later in this section of [[Sutra Sthana]]. Important aspects of food have also been dealt with in the first and the second chapters of [[Vimana Sthana]]. Diet is the only factor which is responsible for normal health as well as disease. How and what food should be taken is assessed by eight factors. These factors are collectively designated as [[Rasa Vimana # Ashta vidha ahara visheshayatana ( eight specific factors for diet) | ahara visheshayatana ]].
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== Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation ==
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Now we shall expound on the chapter “The quantity of one’s diet”. Thus, said Lord Atreya. [1-2]
Now we shall expound on the chapter “The quantity of one’s diet”. Thus, said Lord Atreya. [1-2]
===Diet for preservation of health and prevention of diseases ===
==== Quantity of diet and criteria ====
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That shall be known as the proper quantity of food which is digested in due time without disturbing the normalcy. [4]
That shall be known as the proper quantity of food which is digested in due time without disturbing the normalcy. [4]
==== Inherently heavy and light to digest foods ====
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==== Basic composition of food ====
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==== Proportion of heavy and light to digest food ====
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The right quantity always depends upon the substance itself. Based on the food-article itself, it is advised that heavy articles should be taken upto one third or one half of the saturation point (of capacity of stomach); even light ones should not be taken in surfeit in order to maintain the strength of [[agni]].[7]
The right quantity always depends upon the substance itself. Based on the food-article itself, it is advised that heavy articles should be taken upto one third or one half of the saturation point (of capacity of stomach); even light ones should not be taken in surfeit in order to maintain the strength of [[agni]].[7]
==== Benefits of proper quantity diet ====
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Accordingly, one should never eat such heavy to digest articles as preparations of flour, rice, flattened rice etc., on top of a meal. Even while hungry one should take them in right quantity. [9]
Accordingly, one should never eat such heavy to digest articles as preparations of flour, rice, flattened rice etc., on top of a meal. Even while hungry one should take them in right quantity. [9]
==== Forbidden food articles for habitual consumption ====
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One should not be habitual to take coagulated milk, cream-cheese, pork, meat of cow and buffalo, fish, curd, black-gram and wild-barley. [11]
One should not be habitual to take coagulated milk, cream-cheese, pork, meat of cow and buffalo, fish, curd, black-gram and wild-barley. [11]
==== Food articles for regular consumption and preservation of health ====
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One should follow those in the daily regimen, which maintain health as well as prevent onset of diseases. [13]
One should follow those in the daily regimen, which maintain health as well as prevent onset of diseases. [13]
=== Daily procedures for preservation of health ===
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From here onwards we shall explain the body regimen like collyrium etc. with reference to their role of maintaining health. [14]
From here onwards we shall explain the body regimen like collyrium etc. with reference to their role of maintaining health. [14]
=== [[Anjana]](Collyrium)===
==== Frequency of application and types of collyrium ====
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One should daily apply the collyrium of sauviranjana (antimony sulphide), which is beneficial to the eyes.; one should use rasanjana (aqueous extract of Berberis aristata) once in every fifth or eighth night for cleansing drainage of the eyes. [15]
One should daily apply the collyrium of sauviranjana (antimony sulphide), which is beneficial to the eyes.; one should use rasanjana (aqueous extract of Berberis aristata) once in every fifth or eighth night for cleansing drainage of the eyes. [15]
==== Direction of use ====
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==== Importance and benefits of collyrium application ====
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Just as various kinds of tarnished gold-ornaments get cleansed by washing with oil, cloth and hairs.s also, by the use of salves, aspersions in the eyes, the vision of a person shines brightly like moon in the clear sky. [18-19]
Just as various kinds of tarnished gold-ornaments get cleansed by washing with oil, cloth and hairs.s also, by the use of salves, aspersions in the eyes, the vision of a person shines brightly like moon in the clear sky. [18-19]
=== [[Dhumapana]] (Inhalation of smoke/vapours), its types, directions of use and indications ===
==== 1. ''Prayogika [[dhumapana]]'' (therapeutic inhalation for prevention of disease) ====
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==== 2. Snaihika dhumapana (inhalation of smoke with unctuous substances for reducing dryness) ====
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One should use a herbal cigar, prepared from animal fat, ghee and bee wax and should combine skillfully with the best of drugs belonging to the category of sweet taste, for unctuous smoke. [25-26]
One should use a herbal cigar, prepared from animal fat, ghee and bee wax and should combine skillfully with the best of drugs belonging to the category of sweet taste, for unctuous smoke. [25-26]
==== 3. Vairechanika dhumapana (inhalation of smoke with purgative substances for cleansing) ====
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==== Indications of [[dhumapana]] ====
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==== Proper times of administration of [[Dhumapana]] ====
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==== Signs of proper [[dhumapana]] ====
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Feeling of well-being and clarity in ''hridaya'' (cardiac region), throat and senses, lightness of the head and pacification of the vitiated [[dosha]] are the signs of proper [[dhumapana]]. [36-38]
Feeling of well-being and clarity in ''hridaya'' (cardiac region), throat and senses, lightness of the head and pacification of the vitiated [[dosha]] are the signs of proper [[dhumapana]]. [36-38]
==== Complications due to excess [[dhumapana]] and their management ====
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==== Contraindications of [[dhumapana]] ====
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==== Method of [[dhumapana]] (smoke inhalation) ====
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==== Dhuma netra (nozzle of smoking pipe) ====
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The smoke which comes from a distance, intercepted by the knots/bulges and attenuated by passing through the tapering pipe, taken with due consideration of dose and time does not impair the senses. [51-52]
The smoke which comes from a distance, intercepted by the knots/bulges and attenuated by passing through the tapering pipe, taken with due consideration of dose and time does not impair the senses. [51-52]
==== Effects of less, proper & excess [[Dhumapana]] (smoke inhalation) ====
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=== [[Nasya]] therapy (nasal errhines), indications and benefits ===
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==== Anu taila (Preparation of Anu oil), its dose and method of administration ====
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=== Oral hygiene: Method of cleaning teeth, tongue and directions for tooth brush use ===
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==== Mouth fresheners ====
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==== Directions of [[Gandusha]] (Oil gargling) and its benefits ====
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=== [[Abhyanga]] (therapeutic massage) ===
==== Directions, indications and benefits of [[abhyanga]] (head massage and body massage) ====
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==== Directions and benefits of foot massage ====
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=== [[Snana]] (bath) and its benefits ===
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Bathing is purifying, promotive of virility and longevity, remover of fatigue, sweat and dirt, brings about physical strength and enhances [[ojas]] to the highest degree. [93-94]
Bathing is purifying, promotive of virility and longevity, remover of fatigue, sweat and dirt, brings about physical strength and enhances [[ojas]] to the highest degree. [93-94]
=== Virtues of proper attire ===
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=== Importance of vigilance in self care ===
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Like the lord of a city in the affairs of his city, and a charioteer in the management of his chariot, so should a wise man be ever vigilant in the caring of his own body. [103]
Like the lord of a city in the affairs of his city, and a charioteer in the management of his chariot, so should a wise man be ever vigilant in the caring of his own body. [103]
=== Summary ===
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=== ''Vidhi vimarsha'' (Applied Inferences) ===
== Vidhi vimarsha (Applied Inferences) ==
We need your contribution to improve the content of this part. Kindly connect carakasamhita@gmail.com.
We need your contribution to improve the content of this part. Kindly connect carakasamhita@gmail.com.
===Diet and its quantity ===
The proper quantity and quality of diet is not uniform for all the individuals. It varies from person to person, because, it depends primarily on the digestive power of an individual which in turn is influenced by the strength of [[agni]]. The strength of [[agni]] varies according to age, sex, season etc. In the same person diurnal and seasonal variations occur. The diurnal variations are minimal, but seasonal variations are significant. So, it is described as seasonal diets and regimen in the next chapter named ''Tasyashitiyam'' ([[Tasyashiteeya Adhyaya]]). One can prevent diseases due to seasonal variations by adhering to the instructions given in this chapter.
The proper quantity and quality of diet is not uniform for all the individuals. It varies from person to person, because, it depends primarily on the digestive power of an individual which in turn is influenced by the strength of [[agni]]. The strength of [[agni]] varies according to age, sex, season etc. In the same person diurnal and seasonal variations occur. The diurnal variations are minimal, but seasonal variations are significant. So, it is described as seasonal diets and regimen in the next chapter named ''Tasyashitiyam'' ([[Tasyashiteeya Adhyaya]]). One can prevent diseases due to seasonal variations by adhering to the instructions given in this chapter.
=== Daily Regimen ===
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In the morning, after evacuation of the bowels and cleaning, start with eye salve, [[nasya]](oil or medicated drops instillation in nose), teeth cleaning, tongue scraping, mouth fresheners such as clove, betel, jaiphala, cardamom etc., keeping oil in mouth for few minutes, shaving, massaging head, body and feet with oil, oil in ears, rubbing medicated powder on body before bathing, wearing clean clothes and ornaments (jewelry, etc.), shoes and using cane or umbrella before going out are recommended.
In the morning, after evacuation of the bowels and cleaning, start with eye salve, [[nasya]](oil or medicated drops instillation in nose), teeth cleaning, tongue scraping, mouth fresheners such as clove, betel, jaiphala, cardamom etc., keeping oil in mouth for few minutes, shaving, massaging head, body and feet with oil, oil in ears, rubbing medicated powder on body before bathing, wearing clean clothes and ornaments (jewelry, etc.), shoes and using cane or umbrella before going out are recommended.
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=== Research work done ===
#A Study on Dinacharya in maintainance of health (PhD thesis), Ashok .Patil, Rajiv Gandhi Univerity of Health Sciences, Banglore -2015
#A Study on Dinacharya in maintainance of health (PhD thesis), Ashok .Patil, Rajiv Gandhi Univerity of Health Sciences, Banglore -2015
#A Study on the effect of Anutaila Pratimarsha nasya along with Haritaki sirolepa in management of Drunaka , 2011-12, Keral University of Health Sciences , Kerala
#A Study on the effect of Anutaila Pratimarsha nasya along with Haritaki sirolepa in management of Drunaka , 2011-12, Keral University of Health Sciences , Kerala
#A Study on the effect of Vapyadi churna as tooth paste on Oral hygiene , 2011-12, Keral University of Health Sciences , Kerala
#A Study on the effect of Vapyadi churna as tooth paste on Oral hygiene , 2011-12, Keral University of Health Sciences , Kerala
==References==
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