Changes

snehAktAmagnisampluShTAM pibet prAyogikIM sukhAm|25|  

snehAktAmagnisampluShTAM pibet prAyogikIM sukhAm|25|  

Harenuka, priyangu, prithvika, kesara, nakha, hribera, candana, patra, tvak, ela, usira, padmaka, dhyamaka, madhuka, mamsi, guggulu, aguru, sarkara, good bark of nyagrodha, asvatha, plakha, and lodhra, vanya, sarjarasa, musta, saileya, kamala, utpala, sriveshtaka, sallaki, and sukabarha – all these are macerated, made as  paste and applied on a hollow reed of sara plant, to the thickness  of yava, on the reed of the size of the thumb and  of  eight angula (16 cm) in length. After the paste dries, the physician should remove the reed of sara plant, smear the wick with ghee and introduce it into the nozzle of the smoking apparatus, and light its front tip with fire and ask the person to inhale its smoke. This is prayogiki dhuma (daily inhalation for the healthy person) and it bestows comfort. [20-24]

''Harenuka, priyangu, prithvika, kesara, nakha, hribera, candana, patra, tvak, ela, usira, padmaka, dhyamaka, madhuka, mamsi, guggulu, aguru,'' ''sarkara,'' good bark of ''nyagrodha,'' ''asvatha, plakha,'' and ''lodhra, vanya, sarjarasa, musta, saileya, kamala, utpala,'' ''sriveshtaka, sallaki,'' and ''sukabarha'' – all these are macerated, made as  paste and applied on a hollow reed of ''sara'' plant, to the thickness  of ''yava'', on the reed of the size of the thumb and  of  eight ''angula'' (16 cm) in length. After the paste dries, the physician should remove the reed of ''sara'' plant, smear the wick with ''ghee'' and introduce it into the nozzle of the smoking apparatus, and light its front tip with fire and ask the person to inhale its smoke. This is ''prayogiki dhuma'' (daily inhalation for the healthy person) and it bestows comfort. [20-24]

===== Snaihika dhumapana (lubricatory smoking for reducing dryness) =====

===== ''Snaihika dhumapana'' (lubricatory smoking for reducing dryness) =====

वसाघृतमधूच्छिष्टैर्युक्तियुक्तैर्वरौषधैः||२५||  

वसाघृतमधूच्छिष्टैर्युक्तियुक्तैर्वरौषधैः||२५||  

One should use a herbal cigar, prepared from animal fat, ghee and wax and should combine skillfully with the best of drugs belonging to the category of sweat taste, for unctuous smoke. [25-26]

One should use a herbal cigar, prepared from animal fat, ghee and wax and should combine skillfully with the best of drugs belonging to the category of sweat taste, for unctuous smoke. [25-26]

===== Sirovirochana dhumapana (purgative smoking for cleansing) =====

===== ''Sirovirochana dhumapana'' (purgative smoking for cleansing) =====

श्वेता ज्योतिष्मती चैव हरितालं मनःशिला||२६||  

श्वेता ज्योतिष्मती चैव हरितालं मनःशिला||२६||  

gandhAshcAgurupatrAdyA dhUmaM mUrdhavirecane  |27|

gandhAshcAgurupatrAdyA dhUmaM mUrdhavirecane  |27|

One should smoke a cigar made of white mussel shell creeper (Clitoria ternatea Linn.), Staff plant (Celastrus paniculatus Willd,), yellow arsenic (orpiment), realger and other aromatic ones like eagle-wood (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.), cinnamom-leaf (Cinnamomum tamala Ness & Eberum.), etc., for the elimination of dosha from head.[26-27]

One should smoke a cigar made of white mussel shell creeper (Clitoria ternatea Linn.), Staff plant (Celastrus paniculatus Willd,), yellow arsenic (orpiment), realger and other aromatic ones like eagle-wood (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.), cinnamom-leaf (Cinnamomum tamala Ness & Eberum.), etc., for the elimination of ''dosha'' from head.[26-27]

===== Dhumapana phala (benefits of smoke inhalation) =====

===== ''Dhumapana phala'' (benefits of smoke inhalation) =====

गौरवं शिरसः शूलं पीनसार्धावभेदकौ||२७||  

गौरवं शिरसः शूलं पीनसार्धावभेदकौ||२७||  

khAlityaM  pi~jjaratvaM ca keshAnAM patanaM tathA||30||  

khAlityaM  pi~jjaratvaM ca keshAnAM patanaM tathA||30||  

The heaviness in the head, headache, rhinitis, hemicranias, ear-ache, pain in eyes, cough, hiccup, dyspnoea, obstruction of the throat, weakness of the teeth, discharge from the ear, nose and eyes due to morbid condition, nasal fetor, halitosis, odontalgia, anorexia, lock-jaw, torticolis, pruritis, worms, pallor of the face, mucoid discharge from the mouth, impaired voice, galasundi (uvulitis), upajihwika (ranula), alopecia, graying of hair, and falling of hair. [27-30]

The heaviness in the head, headache, rhinitis, hemicranias, ear-ache, pain in eyes, cough, hiccup, dyspnoea, obstruction of the throat, weakness of the teeth, discharge from the ear, nose and eyes due to morbid condition, nasal fetor, halitosis, odontalgia, anorexia, lock-jaw, torticolis, pruritis, worms, pallor of the face, mucoid discharge from the mouth, impaired voice, ''galasundi'' (uvulitis), ''upajihwika'' (ranula), alopecia, graying of hair, and falling of hair. [27-30]

क्षवथुश्चातितन्द्रा च बुद्धेर्मोहोऽतिनिद्रता|  

क्षवथुश्चातितन्द्रा च बुद्धेर्मोहोऽतिनिद्रता|  

dhUmavaktrakapAnasya [4] vyAdhayaH syuH shirogatAH|33|  

dhUmavaktrakapAnasya [4] vyAdhayaH syuH shirogatAH|33|  

Medicated smoking alleviates sternutation, excessive drowsiness, loss of consciousness and hypersomnia and augments the strength of the hair, of the senses and of voice. Moreover, those who resort to smoking by oral route are not afflicted by vata and kapha affecting the upper part of the body or head, howsoever strong the disease may be.[31-33]

Medicated smoking alleviates sternutation, excessive drowsiness, loss of consciousness and hypersomnia and augments the strength of the hair, of the senses and of voice. Moreover, those who resort to smoking by oral route are not afflicted by ''vata'' and ''kapha'' affecting the upper part of the body or head, howsoever strong the disease may be.[31-33]

===== Dhumapana kala (times of smoke inhalation) =====

===== ''Dhumapana kala'' (times of smoke inhalation) =====

प्रयोगपाने तस्याष्टौ कालाः सम्परिकीर्तिताः||३३||  

प्रयोगपाने तस्याष्टौ कालाः सम्परिकीर्तिताः||३३||  

prayoge, snaihike tvekaM, vairecyaM tricatuH pibet|  

prayoge, snaihike tvekaM, vairecyaM tricatuH pibet|  

Eight specified instances have been prescribed for habitual smoking, because during these periods, the rise of vata and kapha is noticed. The self controlled man should resort to smoking after taking bath, after scraping the tongue, after sneezing, after brushing the teeth, after nasya, after the use of eye-salve/collyrium and at the end of sleep. Thereby, vata and kapha borne diseases affecting the body parts above the clavicle do not afflict him. In these conditions, smoking should be done thrice, in three puffs each time. A wise man should practice habitual smoking twice a day only, the unctuous smoking once a day and the purgative smoking thrice or four times a day. [33-36]

Eight specified instances have been prescribed for habitual smoking, because during these periods, the rise of ''vata'' and ''kapha'' is noticed. The self controlled man should resort to smoking after taking bath, after scraping the tongue, after sneezing, after brushing the teeth, after ''nasya'', after the use of eye-salve/collyrium and at the end of sleep. Thereby, ''vata'' and ''kapha'' borne diseases affecting the body parts above the clavicle do not afflict him. In these conditions, smoking should be done thrice, in three puffs each time. A wise man should practice habitual smoking twice a day only, the unctuous smoking once a day and the purgative smoking thrice or four times a day. [33-36]

===== Samyak dhumapana lakshana (signs of proper smoking) =====

===== ''Samyak dhumapana lakshana'' (signs of proper smoking) =====

हृत्कण्ठेन्द्रियसंशुद्धिर्लघुत्वं शिरसः शमः||३७||  

हृत्कण्ठेन्द्रियसंशुद्धिर्लघुत्वं शिरसः शमः||३७||  

yatheritAnAM doShANAM samyakpItasya lakShaNam|38|  

yatheritAnAM doShANAM samyakpItasya lakShaNam|38|  

Clarity of the hridaya (heart), throat and senses, lightness of the head and pacification of the augmented dosha are the features of proper smoking. [36-38]

Clarity of the ''hridaya'' (heart), throat and senses, lightness of the head and pacification of the augmented ''dosha'' are the features of proper smoking. [36-38]

===== Ati dhumapana lakshana (signs of excess smoke inhalation) =====

===== ''Ati dhumapana lakshana'' (signs of excess smoke inhalation) =====

बाधिर्यमान्ध्यमूकत्वं रक्तपित्तं शिरोभ्रमम्||३८||

बाधिर्यमान्ध्यमूकत्वं रक्तपित्तं शिरोभ्रमम्||३८||

shItaM tu raktapitte syAcchleShmapitte virUkShaNam||40||

shItaM tu raktapitte syAcchleShmapitte virUkShaNam||40||

Untimely or excessive smoking causes complications: deafness, blindness, dumbness, raktapitta (heamorrhagic disorder – bleeding from nose), and giddiness. In such conditions intake of ghee is desirable. In the event of complications arising due to vata following pitta, one shall apply nasal drops, collyrium and tarpana (keeping medicated ghee in the eye) prepared using unctuous articles. In the case of raktapitta these shall be prepared with cooling drugs and in the case of complications arising out of an aggravated kapha they shall be prepared with ruksha drugs (causing dryness).[38-40]

Untimely or excessive smoking causes complications: deafness, blindness, dumbness, ''raktapitta'' (heamorrhagic disorder – bleeding from nose), and giddiness. In such conditions intake of ''ghee'' is desirable. In the event of complications arising due to ''vata'' following ''pitta'', one shall apply nasal drops, collyrium and ''tarpana'' (keeping medicated ''ghee'' in the eye) prepared using unctuous articles. In the case of ''raktapitta'' these shall be prepared with cooling drugs and in the case of complications arising out of an aggravated ''kapha'' they shall be prepared with ''ruksha'' drugs (causing dryness).[38-40]

===== Dhumapana anarha (contraindications of herbal smoke) =====

===== ''Dhumapana anarha'' (contraindications of herbal smoke) =====

परं त्वतः प्रवक्ष्यामि धूमो येषां विगर्हितः|  

परं त्वतः प्रवक्ष्यामि धूमो येषां विगर्हितः|  

rogAstasya pravardhante dAruNA dhUmavibhramAt|46|  

rogAstasya pravardhante dAruNA dhUmavibhramAt|46|  

Now I shall explain the persons in whom smoking is contra-indicated: One who is purged, one who has taken basti (medicated enema), a person who has disorders of rakta, who is afflicted with poison, one who is grief-stricken, a pregnant woman, one who is fatigued, one who is intoxicated, one suffering from disorders of ama or pitta, one who has had a sleepless night, one suffering from fainting, giddiness, thirst, emaciation or trauma, one who has just taken wine, milk, unctuous beverage or honey, one who has taken food along with curd, one who is afflicted with dryness, anger, dryness of the palate, timira, head-injury, sankhaka, rohini, meha or alcoholism. If a person, out of ignorance, smokes in these instances or in an untimely condition, his disorders will aggravate dreadfully due to complications of smoking. [41-46]

Now I shall explain the persons in whom smoking is contra-indicated: One who is purged, one who has taken ''basti'' (medicated enema), a person who has disorders of ''rakta'', who is afflicted with poison, one who is grief-stricken, a pregnant woman, one who is fatigued, one who is intoxicated, one suffering from disorders of ''ama'' or ''pitta'', one who has had a sleepless night, one suffering from fainting, giddiness, thirst, emaciation or trauma, one who has just taken wine, milk, unctuous beverage or honey, one who has taken food along with curd, one who is afflicted with dryness, anger, dryness of the palate, ''timira'', head-injury, ''sankhaka, rohini, meha'' or alcoholism. If a person, out of ignorance, smokes in these instances or in an untimely condition, his disorders will aggravate dreadfully due to complications of smoking. [41-46]

===== Dhumapana karma (method of smoke inhalation) =====

===== ''Dhumapana karma'' (method of smoke inhalation) =====

धूमयोग्यः पिबेद्दोषे शिरोघ्राणाक्षिसंश्रये||४६||  

धूमयोग्यः पिबेद्दोषे शिरोघ्राणाक्षिसंश्रये||४६||  

One should cautiously inhale smoke through one nostril after closing the other nostril, thrice in each round, thus for three rounds, in comfortable sitting position with straight body and eyes with concentration of mind. [46-49]

One should cautiously inhale smoke through one nostril after closing the other nostril, thrice in each round, thus for three rounds, in comfortable sitting position with straight body and eyes with concentration of mind. [46-49]

===== Dhuma netra (smoking nozzle) =====

===== ''Dhuma netra'' (smoking nozzle) =====

चतुर्विंशतिकं नेत्रं स्वाङ्गुलीभिर्विरेचने||४९||  

चतुर्विंशतिकं नेत्रं स्वाङ्गुलीभिर्विरेचने||४९||  

Measuring with one’s own finger; for unctuous smoke, of thirty-two fingers; and for habitual smoke it should be longer by a half than the first.

Measuring with one’s own finger; for unctuous smoke, of thirty-two fingers; and for habitual smoke it should be longer by a half than the first.

The smoking pipe recommended the most is a straight one having three knots/bulges, having the proximal caliber of the size of a ziziphus-stone and is made of the same materials as those of the basti nozzle. [49-51]

The smoking pipe recommended the most is a straight one having three knots/bulges, having the proximal caliber of the size of a ziziphus-stone and is made of the same materials as those of the ''basti'' nozzle. [49-51]

दूराद्विनिर्गतः पर्वच्छिन्नो नाडीतनूकृतः||५१||  

दूराद्विनिर्गतः पर्वच्छिन्नो नाडीतनूकृतः||५१||  

The smoke which comes from a distance, intercepted by the knots/bulges and attenuated by passing through the tapering pipe, taken with due consideration of dose and time does not impair the senses. [51-52]

The smoke which comes from a distance, intercepted by the knots/bulges and attenuated by passing through the tapering pipe, taken with due consideration of dose and time does not impair the senses. [51-52]

===== Dhumapana yogya- ayogya lakshana (effects of proper & improper smoke inhalation) =====

===== ''Dhumapana yogya- ayogya lakshana'' (effects of proper & improper smoke inhalation) =====

यदा चोरश्च कण्ठश्च शिरश्च लघुतां व्रजेत्||५२||  

यदा चोरश्च कण्ठश्च शिरश्च लघुतां व्रजेत्||५२||  

tAlu mUrdhA ca kaNThashca shuShyate paritapyate||54||  

tAlu mUrdhA ca kaNThashca shuShyate paritapyate||54||  

When the chest, throat and head feel light and the kapha is liquefied it is said to be a correct smoking.

When the chest, throat and head feel light and the ''kapha'' is liquefied it is said to be a correct smoking.

If the voice is not clarified, the throat is filled with kapha and the head feels heavy it is said to be an insufficient smoking.

If the voice is not clarified, the throat is filled with ''kapha'' and the head feels heavy it is said to be an insufficient smoking.

If the palate, head and throat feel parched and become hot and the person feels thirsty, stupefied and unconscious, or if the person bleeds profusely and the head feels extremely whirly or if the person becomes unconscious or his senses feel agitated, it should be known that the smoking has been done in excess. [52-56]

If the palate, head and throat feel parched and become hot and the person feels thirsty, stupefied and unconscious, or if the person bleeds profusely and the head feels light and dizzy or if the person becomes unconscious or his senses feel agitated, it should be known that the smoking has been done in excess. [52-56]

==== Nasya therapy [nasal errhines], indications and benefits ====

==== Nasya therapy [nasal errhines], indications and benefits ====