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{{#seo:

|title=Linga

|title=Linga

|data5 = ¹ Department of Kriya Sharir, A.I.I.A., New Delhi, India  

|data5 = ¹ Department of Kriya Sharir, A.I.I.A., New Delhi, India  

² Department of Roga Nidana Vikriti Vigyan, A.I.I.A.,New Delhi, India

² Department of Roga Nidana Vikriti Vigyan, A.I.I.A.,New Delhi, India

³[[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I.T.R.A., Jamnagar, India

³Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.  

⁴ Department of Kayachikitsa, G.J.Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India

⁴ Department of Kayachikitsa, G.J.Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India

|data6 = carakasamhita@gmail.com, meera.samhita@aiia.gov.in

|data6 = carakasamhita@gmail.com, meera.samhita@aiia.gov.in

|label7 = Date of first publication:

|label7 = Publisher

|data7 = April 28, 2022

|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I.T.R.A., Jamnagar, India

|label8 = DOI

|label8 = Date of first publication:

|data8 = under process

 

|label9 = DOI

|data9 = 10.47468/CSNE.2022.e01.s09.095

}}

}}

*The conversion of all prodromal features ([[purvarupa]]) into clinical features ([[rupa]]) indicates sickness progression to severity or incurability.

*The conversion of all prodromal features ([[purvarupa]]) into clinical features ([[rupa]]) indicates sickness progression to severity or incurability.

*In case of diseases without the prodromal sign and symptoms like [[vatavyadhi]] and kshataksheena, the practitioner has to rely on the classical features of the disease to plan the treatment module for the subject.

*In case of diseases without the prodromal sign and symptoms like [[vatavyadhi]] and kshataksheena, the practitioner has to rely on the classical features of the disease to plan the treatment module for the subject.

*Linga is an essential component of the five tools for knowledge of diseases (nidanapanchaka). [Cha.Sa.[[Nidhan Sthana]] 1/6] It is used to diagnose the stages of progression of diseases ([[shatkriyakala]]).[Su.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 22/34]<ref name=Susruta/>

*Linga is an essential component of the five tools for knowledge of diseases (nidanapanchaka). [Cha.Sa.[[Nidana Sthana]] 1/6] It is used to diagnose the stages of progression of diseases ([[shatkriyakala]]).[Su.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 22/34]<ref name=Susruta/>

==Contemporary approach==

==Contemporary approach==

==Method of identification of linga==

==Method of identification of linga==

Different sorts of examinations were stated in [[Ayurveda]] for disease and patient examinations and for planning correct therapy based on [[prakriti]], vaya, and other factors. The method of identification of clinical features in [[Ayurveda]] is trividha pariksha.

Different sorts of examinations were stated in [[Ayurveda]] for disease and patient examinations and for planning correct therapy based on constitution ([[prakriti]]), age (vaya), and other factors. The method of identification of clinical features in [[Ayurveda]] is threefold examination for assessment (trividha pariksha).

   

   

===Trividha pariksha (threefold examination for assessment) ===  

===Trividha pariksha (threefold examination for assessment) ===  

==Applicability of concept of linga (rupa)==

==Applicability of concept of linga (rupa)==

*The use of Ayurvedic concepts in modern scientific techniques such as proteomics, genomics, and technology is required to develop inexpensive and cost-effective healthcare solutions. It will be based on a blend of [[Ayurveda]] and modern scientific understanding. Ayurveda's Trisutra concept [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/24] is the foundation for a predictive, personalized, and preventative approach to maintaining good health and management of the disease. The predictive (understanding of the future disease), personalized (individual-specific variability), preventive (utilization of the concept of dietary and lifestyle modification), and promotive (enhancement of the health) medicine, along with understanding the basic physiology and pathology is the key area of concept of linga (rupa/lakshana/clinical Features) applicability.  

*The use of Ayurvedic concepts in modern scientific techniques such as proteomics, genomics, and technology is required to develop inexpensive and cost-effective healthcare solutions. It will be based on a blend of [[Ayurveda]] and modern scientific understanding. Ayurveda's trisutra concept [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/24] is the foundation for a predictive, personalized, and preventative approach to maintaining good health and management of the disease. The predictive (understanding of the future disease), personalized (individual-specific variability), preventive (utilization of the concept of dietary and lifestyle modification), and promotive (enhancement of the health) medicine, along with understanding the basic physiology and pathology is the key area of concept of linga (rupa/lakshana/clinical Features) applicability.  

*From a research perspective, the concept of linga plays a crucial role in finalizing the diagnosis criterion for different groups in the study. It is also used to determine the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. In this contemporary era, where every science depends mainly on the evidence-based approach toward treatment and maximized use of diagnostic investigations, linga (clinical features) still play a prime role of key importance in the diagnosis and management of the disease.

*From a research perspective, the concept of linga plays a crucial role in finalizing the diagnosis criterion for different groups in the study. It is also used to determine the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. In this contemporary era, where every science depends mainly on the evidence-based approach toward treatment and maximized use of diagnostic investigations, linga (clinical features) still play a prime role of key importance in the diagnosis and management of the disease.

For illness diagnosis and management, every science is dependent on the linga of the condition. Because there was no accessible instrument or diagnostic test in ancient times, the physician had to analyze, observe the linga, and finally conclude the diagnosis. The arishta lakshana can be linked to modern-day death signals [Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]]]. Murmure Rasika B et al. elaborated the concept of death signs mentioned in Charak Samhita with the impending indicators just before death and up to six months before death.<ref>Murmure Rasika B Et Al: CharkoktaArishtaLakshanas And Contemporary Signs Of Death. International Ayurvedic Medical Journal {online} 2017 {cited November, 2017}</ref>

For illness diagnosis and management, every science is dependent on the linga of the condition. Because there was no accessible instrument or diagnostic test in ancient times, the physician had to analyze, observe the linga, and finally conclude the diagnosis. The arishta lakshana can be linked to modern-day death signals [Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]]]. Murmure Rasika B et al. elaborated the concept of death signs mentioned in Charak Samhita with the impending indicators just before death and up to six months before death.<ref>Murmure Rasika B Et Al: CharkoktaArishtaLakshanas And Contemporary Signs Of Death. International Ayurvedic Medical Journal {online} 2017 {cited November, 2017}</ref>

=== Validation of tool of dhatu samya lakshana ===  

=== Validation of tool of signs of equilibrium of body tissues (dhatusamya lakshana) ===  

In [[Ayurveda]], the signs of equilibrium of body tissues (dhatu samya) can determine physical and mental well-being. T. Mahesh Raju, B et al. researched 250 seemingly healthy participants to develop, validate, and standardize a questionnaire to measure improvement in health status using Ayurvedic parameters. The final questionnaire measures health state according to Ayurvedic principles of dhatu samyata.<ref>Mahesh Raju. B, TB Tripathy, MB.Kavita. Development and Standardization of Health Status Assessment Tool Based on Ayurvedic Parameters w.s.r. to DathuSamyaLakshna. International Journal of Research in AYUSH and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017;1(1):92-96</ref>

In [[Ayurveda]], the signs of equilibrium of body tissues (dhatusamya) can determine physical and mental well-being. T. Mahesh Raju B et. al. researched 250 seemingly healthy participants to develop, validate, and standardize a questionnaire to measure improvement in health status using Ayurvedic parameters. The final questionnaire measures health state according to Ayurvedic principles of dhatu samyata.<ref>Mahesh Raju. B, TB Tripathy, MB.Kavita. Development and Standardization of Health Status Assessment Tool Based on Ayurvedic Parameters w.s.r. to DathuSamyaLakshna. International Journal of Research in AYUSH and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017;1(1):92-96</ref>

=== Cardinal features (pratyatma lakshana)===  

=== Cardinal features (pratyatma lakshana)===  

A diagnostic pathological report: The distinctive and peculiar clinical features of an illness are cardinal features. Mahamad Yunus S et al. concentrated on gaining a scientific grasp of cardinal features (pratyatma lakshana)'s distinctiveness and role as a diagnostic pathological report.<ref>MahamadYunus S. Nabooji, Amit K., Sandhya G.,  Komal R. PratyatmaLakshana: A Diagnostic Pathological Report. Indian Journal of Ancient Medicine and Yoga, 2019; 12(1):9-12.</ref>

A diagnostic pathological report: The distinctive and peculiar clinical features of an illness are cardinal features. Mahamad Yunus S et. al. concentrated on gaining a scientific grasp of cardinal features (pratyatma lakshana)'s distinctiveness and role as a diagnostic pathological report.<ref>MahamadYunus S. Nabooji, Amit K., Sandhya G.,  Komal R. PratyatmaLakshana: A Diagnostic Pathological Report. Indian Journal of Ancient Medicine and Yoga, 2019; 12(1):9-12.</ref>

=== Understanding proper oleation ===  

=== Understanding proper oleation ===  

#Reddy B.P.S. (1961): Panchanidana men upashaya.  Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T.& R.A., Gujarat.

#Reddy B.P.S. (1961): Panchanidana men upashaya.  Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T.& R.A., Gujarat.

#Grover Suman (1962): Lakshansammuchchatyavimarsha. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T.& R.A., Gujarat.

#Grover Suman (1962): Lakshansammuchchatyavimarsha. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T.& R.A., Gujarat.

#Sharma K.M. (1962): Lakshanavimarsha(kaphajalakshanavishishitavimarshasahita. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat.

#Sharma K.M. (1962): Lakshanavimarsha (kaphajalakshana vishishitavimarshasahita. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat.

#Mishra D.D. (1963): Pitta ki UshnaGunatah SantapaLakshana Vimarsha. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat.

#Mishra D.D. (1963): Pitta ki Ushna Gunatah Santapa Lakshana Vimarsha. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat.

#Tewari Jagdish (1963): KasaRoga evam lakshana vimarsha. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat.

#Tewari Jagdish (1963): Kasa Roga evam lakshana vimarsha. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat.

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