Changes

{{#seo:

{{#seo:

|title=Langhanabrimhaniya Adhyaya

|title=Langhanabrimhaniya Adhyaya

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

*The drug or substance that possesses light, hot, sharply acting, clearing, dry, minute (subtle), rough, flowing (unstable) and hard qualities are used for [[Langhana]].  

*The drug or substance that possesses light, hot, sharply acting, clearing, dry, minute (subtle), rough, flowing (unstable) and hard qualities are used for [[langhana]].  

*The drug or substance that is used for [[Brimhana]] (nourishing) therapy possesses heavy, cold, soft, unctuous, thick, gross, slimy, sluggish, stable and smooth qualities.  

*The drug or substance that is used for [[brimhana]] (nourishing) therapy possesses heavy, cold, soft, unctuous, thick, gross, slimy, sluggish, stable and smooth qualities.  

*The drug or substance that possesses dry, light, rough, sharply acting, hot, stable, non-slimy and primarily hard qualities is used for [[Rukshana]] (drying) therapy.   

*The drug or substance that possesses dry, light, rough, sharply acting, hot, stable, non-slimy and primarily hard qualities is used for [[rukshana]] (drying) therapy.   

*[[Snehana]] (oleation) therapy requires the drug or substance that possess liquid, minute (subtle), flowing (unstable), unctuous, slimy, heavy, cold, sluggish and soft qualities.   

*[[Snehana]] (oleation) therapy requires the drug or substance that possess liquid, minute (subtle), flowing (unstable), unctuous, slimy, heavy, cold, sluggish and soft qualities.   

*The drug or substance that is used for [[Swedana]] (sudation) therapy possesses hot, acute, flowing (unstable), unctuous, dry, minute (subtle), liquid, stable and heavy qualities.  

*The drug or substance that is used for [[swedana]] (sudation) therapy possesses hot, acute, flowing (unstable), unctuous, dry, minute (subtle), liquid, stable and heavy qualities.  

*Finally,[[Stambhana]] requires the drugs to possess cold, sluggish, soft, smooth, dry, minute (subtle), liquid, stable and light qualities. [12-17]

*Finally,[[stambhana]] requires the drugs to possess cold, sluggish, soft, smooth, dry, minute (subtle), liquid, stable and light qualities. [12-17]

</div>

</div>

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

The four purification therapies viz. [[Vamana]] (emesis), [[Virechana]] (purgation), [[Niruha]] (non-unctuous enema) and [[Nasya]] (nasal drug administration). Six other procedures viz. Pipasa (control of thirst), Maruta (exposure to wind/breathing exercises), Aatapa (exposure to sunlight), [[Pachana]] (applications of digestive measures), Upawasa (fasting) and Vyayama (exercise) are the ten methods of [[Langhana]] (reducing) therapy. [18]

The four purification therapies viz. [[vamana]] (emesis), [[virechana]] (purgation), Niruha [[basti]] (non-unctuous enema) and [[Nasya]] (nasal drug administration). Six other procedures viz. pipasa (control of thirst), maruta (exposure to wind/breathing exercises), aatapa (exposure to sunlight), [[pachana]] (applications of digestive measures), upawasa (fasting) and vyayama (exercise) are the ten methods of [[langhana]] (reducing) therapy. [18]

</div>

</div>

In a strong person with diseases of moderate intensity, any treatment measure should include physical exercise and exposure to sunlight and the wind.  Further, strong patients suffering from mild disease or a little imbalance of [[dosha]] should be treated in the same manner i.e. exercise and exposure to the sun and the wind.

In a strong person with diseases of moderate intensity, any treatment measure should include physical exercise and exposure to sunlight and the wind.  Further, strong patients suffering from mild disease or a little imbalance of [[dosha]] should be treated in the same manner i.e. exercise and exposure to the sun and the wind.

Those who are suffering from skin disorders, urinary disorders, those consuming excess of unctuous food, with excess discharges in the body and undergone excess nourishing therapy should be treated with [[Langhana]] therapy. In a season of shishira (winter), [[Langhana]] is suitable for patients with [[vata]]-dominant disorders also (in addition to above). [19-24]

Those who are suffering from skin disorders, urinary disorders, those consuming excess of unctuous food, with excess discharges in the body and undergone excess nourishing therapy should be treated with [[langhana]] therapy. In a season of shishira (winter), [[langhana]] is suitable for patients with [[vata]]-dominant disorders also (in addition to above). [19-24]

</div>

</div>

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

The meat of adult (mature) animals, fish, and birds which are found roaming in their suitable natural surroundings, which are healthy (or disease-free) and have not been killed by poisonous weapons and is unspoiled, is considered to be ideal for [[Brimhana]](nourishing therapy).  

The meat of adult (mature) animals, fish, and birds which are found roaming in their suitable natural surroundings, which are healthy (or disease-free) and have not been killed by poisonous weapons and is unspoiled, is considered to be ideal for [[brimhana]](nourishing therapy).  

The persons requiring such therapy are those suffering from wasting of the body, wounded, consumptive, emaciated, old, weak, weary of long journeys, and excessively indulged in sexual intercourse, alcohol addiction, and for all persons in the summer season.   

The persons requiring such therapy are those suffering from wasting of the body, wounded, consumptive, emaciated, old, weak, weary of long journeys, and excessively indulged in sexual intercourse, alcohol addiction, and for all persons in the summer season.   

Light to digest soup made up of meat of carnivorous animals and birds is nourishing to persons who have been weakened due to diseases such as consumption, piles, assimilation disorders (grahani dosha), or have been wasted by other (similar) diseases.

Light to digest soup made up of meat of carnivorous animals and birds is nourishing to persons who have been weakened due to diseases such as consumption, piles, assimilation disorders (grahani dosha), or have been wasted by other (similar) diseases.

Bath, unction, sleep, medicated enema with sweet drugs, unctuous enema, sugar mixed milk, and ghee are considered ideal for [[Brimhana]] (nourishing). [25-28]

Bath, unction, sleep, medicated enema with sweet drugs, unctuous enema, sugar mixed milk, and ghee are considered ideal for [[brimhana]] (nourishing). [25-28]

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

=== Signs of adequate and excess ''Stambhana'' (astringent/styptic) therapy ===

=== Signs of adequate and excess [[stambhana]] (astringent/styptic) therapy ===

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

Properly administered ''stambhana'' helps the patient to regain his strength and get rid of afflicted diseases as told earlier.  

Properly administered [[stambhana]] helps the patient to regain his strength and get rid of afflicted diseases as told earlier.  

Excessive administration of ''stambhana'' causes blackish discoloration, stiffness in body parts, uneasiness, the stiffness of jaw, feeling of constriction in cardiac region, and constipation. [39-40]

Excessive administration of [[stambhana]] causes blackish discoloration, stiffness in body parts, uneasiness, the stiffness of jaw, feeling of constriction in cardiac region, and constipation. [39-40]

</div>

</div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

</div></div>

</div></div>

The signs and symptoms of all these six therapies, if inadequately administered, leave the ''doshas'' unpacified. Rather, they get aggravated.

The signs and symptoms of all these six therapies, if inadequately administered, leave the [[dosha]] unpacified. Rather, they get aggravated.

Thus, these six most useful therapies, if administrated properly in all diseases which have been described, with due consideration of time and dosage, are sure to accomplish the cure of all curable disorders. [41-42]

Thus, these six most useful therapies, if administrated properly in all diseases which have been described, with due consideration of time and dosage, are sure to accomplish the cure of all curable disorders. [41-42]

</div></div>

</div></div>

As there are many combinations of ''dosha'', these therapies also have multiple variations. However, the number of these therapies do not exceed than six, just like ''doshas'' are three in number. [43]

As there are many combinations of [[dosha]], these therapies also have multiple variations. However, the number of these therapies do not exceed than six, just like [[dosha]] are three in number. [43]

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==

== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

*''Langhana'' (reducing) therapy is indicated in obese persons and those diseases with obstructive pathology due to excessively vitiated ''doshas''.

*[[Langhana]](reducing) therapy is indicated in obese persons and those diseases with obstructive pathology due to excessively vitiated [[dosha]].

*''Brimhana'' (nourishing) therapy is indicated in emaciated persons and those diseases with degenerative pathology.  

*[[Brimhana]] (nourishing) therapy is indicated in emaciated persons and those diseases with degenerative pathology.  

*The group of six treatments (''shadupakramas'') includes ''Langhana, Rukshana, Swedana, Brimhana, Snehana,'' and ''Stambhana''. The first three of these are reducing in nature, while the latter three are nourishing.  

*The group of six treatments (shadupakramas) includes [[langhana]], [[rukshana]], [[swedana]], [[brimhana]], [[snehana]], and [[stambhana]]. The first three of these are reducing in nature, while the latter three are nourishing.

== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences) ==

== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences) ==

Above described six therapies are grouped into ''Apatarpana'' (''Langhana'', or reducing) and ''Santarpana'' (''Brimhana'', or nourishing). In ''Apatarpana'' – lightening, dryness, and sudation therapies, and in ''Santarpana'' – nourishing, unctuousness, and astringent therapies have been mentioned. (3-8)

Above described six therapies are grouped into "Apatarpana" ([[langhana]], or reducing) and "Santarpana" ([[brimhana]], or nourishing). In "Apatarpana"– lightening, dryness, and sudation therapies, and in "Santarpana"– nourishing, unctuousness, and astringent therapies have been mentioned. (3-8)

The ''Rukshana'' (dryness) therapy produces dryness, roughness, and coarseness. In unctuous therapy, fluidity is due to liquefaction or melting or dissolution of ''dosha, dhatu,'' and ''mala''. The mode of action of sudation therapy is due to warmth or internal heat produced by therapy. The mode of action of astringent therapy is due to inhibition of mobility and flow of ''dosha, dhatu,'' and ''mala''. Here the meaning to be understood is that the materials - ''dosha, dhatu,''and ''mala,'' which are flowing by slow or fast in rate by nature, to be checked or stopped. This condition refers only to the effects of ''atisara'' (diarrhea), ''raktasrava'' (bleeding), ''visha'' (poisoning), ''daha'' (burning), and ''vedana'' (pain). The drugs described here for each therapy are understood to possess such qualities as associated with them. There are, however, exceptional cases. For example, ''pippali'' and ''bhallataka'' have ''ushna guna'' (heat), but their action is ''Brimhana''. ''Priyangu'' is ''sheeta guna'' (cool) but has ''Langhana'' effect.

The [[rukshana]] (dryness) therapy produces dryness, roughness, and coarseness. In unctuous therapy, fluidity is due to liquefaction or melting or dissolution of [[dosha]],[[dhatu]], and [[mala]]. The mode of action of sudation therapy is due to warmth or internal heat produced by therapy. The mode of action of astringent therapy is due to inhibition of mobility and flow of [[dosha]], [[dhatu]],and [[mala]]. Here the meaning to be understood is that the materials - [[dosha]], [[dhatu]],and [[mala]], which are flowing by slow or fast in rate by nature, to be checked or stopped. This condition refers only to the effects of atisara (diarrhea), raktasrava(bleeding), visha(poisoning), daha(burning), and vedana(pain). The drugs described here for each therapy are understood to possess such qualities as associated with them. There are, however, exceptional cases. For example, pippali and bhallataka have "ushna" [[guna]] (heat), but their action is [[brimhana]]. Priyangu is "sheeta" [[guna]](cool) but has [[langhana]] effect.

</div>

</div>

'''Table 1: Pharmaco-therapeutic properties of six therapies'''

'''Table 1: Pharmaco-therapeutic properties of six therapies'''

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

! ''S. No.'' !! ''Langhana'' !! ''Brimhana'' !! ''Rukshana '' !! '' Snehana'' !! ''Swedana'' !! ''Stambhana''

! ''S. No.'' !! [[Langhana]] !! [[Brimhana]] !! [[Rukshana]] !! [[Snehana]] !! [[Swedana]] !! [[Stambhana]]

|-

|-

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''1''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | 1

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Laghu''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Laghu

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Guru''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Guru

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Laghu''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Laghu

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Guru''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Guru

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Guru''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Guru

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Laghu''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Laghu

|-

|-

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''2''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | 2

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Ushna''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Ushna

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Shita''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Shita

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Ushna''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Ushna

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Shita''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Shita

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Ushna''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Ushna

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Shita''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Shita

|-

|-

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''3''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | 3

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Tikshna''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Tikshna

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Mridu''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Mridu

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Tikshna''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Tikshna

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Mridu''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Mridu

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Tikshna''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Tikshna

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Mridu''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Mridu

|-

|-

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''4''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | 4

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''---''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ---

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''----''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ----

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''-----''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | -----

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Drava''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Drava

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Drava''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Drava

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Drava''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Drava

|-

|-

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''5''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | 5

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Vishada''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Vishada

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Pichchila''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Pichchila

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Vishada''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Vishada

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Pichchila''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Pichchila

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''--------''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | --------

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''----------''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ----------

|-

|-

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''6''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | 6

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''----------''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ----------

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Bahala''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Bahala

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''----------------''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ----------------

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''------------''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ------------

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''-----------''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | -----------

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''----------''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ----------

|-

|-

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''7''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | 7

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Ruksha''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Ruksha

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Snigdha''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Snigdha

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Ruksha''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Ruksha

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Snigdha''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Snigdha

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Ruksha– Snigdha''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Ruksha– Snigdha

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Ruksha''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Ruksha

|-

|-

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''8''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | 8

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''------------''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ------------

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Manda''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Manda

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''------------''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ------------

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Manda''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Manda

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''-------------''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | -------------

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Manda''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Manda

|-

|-

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''9''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | 9

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Sukshma''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Sukshma

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Sthula''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Sthula

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''------------''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ------------

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Sthula''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Sthula

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Sukshma''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Sukshma

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Sukshma''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Sukshma

|-

|-

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''10''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | 10

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Khara''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Khara

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Shlakshna''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Shlakshna

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Khara''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Khara

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''---------''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ---------

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''-------------''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | -------------

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Shlakshna''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Shlakshna

|-

|-

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''11''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | 11

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Sara''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Sara

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Sthira''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Sthira

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Sthira''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Sthira

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Sara''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Sara

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Sthira- Sara''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Sthira- Sara

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Sthira''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Sthira

|-

|-

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''12''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | 12

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''kathina''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | kathina

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''------------''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ------------

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Kathina''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Kathina

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''-----------''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | -----------

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''------------''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ------------

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''------------''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ------------

|-

|-

|}

|}

<div style="text-align:justify;">            

<div style="text-align:justify;">            

There are seven overlapping qualities in the drugs employed in ''Brimhana'' and ''Snehana'' and five overlapping qualities in the drugs employed in ''Brimhana'' and ''Stambhana''.

There are seven overlapping qualities in the drugs employed in [[brimhana]] and [[snehana]] and five overlapping qualities in the drugs employed in [[brimhana]] and [[stambhana]].

Though they are of similar qualities, they should not be concluded to be one and the same. In ''Langhana'' drugs, the qualities of lightness are dominant, while in ''Rukshana'', the drugs employed possess predominantly drying or desiccating qualities. Further, lightness can be induced through non-drug based therapies (''adravyabhuta'') such as fasting. However, dryness can only be brought about by drugs.  

Though they are of similar qualities, they should not be concluded to be one and the same. In [[langhana]] drugs, the qualities of lightness are dominant, while in [[rukshana]], the drugs employed possess predominantly drying or desiccating qualities. Further, lightness can be induced through non-drug based therapies (adravyabhuta) such as fasting. However, dryness can only be brought about by drugs.  

Thus, all these therapies are distinct even when possessing similarities in certain qualities.  

Thus, all these therapies are distinct even when possessing similarities in certain qualities.  

The ''Apatarpana'' type of treatments is related to ''agni'' + ''vayu'' + ''akasha mahabhuta'' dominant qualities in general whereas the ''Santarpana'' type of treatments is related to ''Prithvi'' + ''jala''.

The "Apatarpana" type of treatments is related to [[agni]] + [[vayu]] + [[akasha mahabhuta]] dominant qualities in general whereas the '"Santarpana" type of treatments is related to [[Prithvi]] + [[jala]].

All these (above mentioned) six types of treatments should be used in treating all the diseases. (9-17)

All these (above mentioned) six types of treatments should be used in treating all the diseases. (9-17)

Exposure to the wind can produce lightness in the body, but exposure to cold wind cannot produce lightness. The practical mode of ''maruta sevana'' includes walking or running in open place as exercise. The various types of breathing exercises including ''pranayama'' are included in this category. The drugs which are employed to improve digestion are dominant in ''vayu'' and ''agni mahabhuta''. ''Atapa sevana'' includes sunbath or exposure to ultraviolet rays present in the sunlight of early morning. (18)

Exposure to the wind can produce lightness in the body, but exposure to cold wind cannot produce lightness. The practical mode of "maruta sevana" includes walking or running in open place as exercise. The various types of breathing exercises including "pranayama" are included in this category. The drugs which are employed to improve digestion are dominant in [[vayu]] and [[agni mahabhuta]]. "Atapa sevana" includes sunbath or exposure to ultraviolet rays present in the sunlight of early morning. (18)

''Langhana'' is contraindicated in diseases / disorders caused purely by ''vata''. But when ''vata'' gets associated with excessively provoked ''kapha, pitta, rakta,'' and ''mala, shodhana'' (purificatory) method of lightening therapy should be used. Even though ''asthapana'' ''basti'' (non-unctuous enema) is ''vata shamaka'' (pacifying), it is ''ruksha'' in nature and can aggravate the ''vata''. So ''asthapana basti'' (non-unctuous enema) should be used judiciously wherever indicated.

[[Langhana]] is contraindicated in diseases / disorders caused purely by [[vata]]. But when [[vata]] gets associated with excessively provoked [[kapha]], [[pitta]], [[rakta]],and [[mala]], shodhana (purificatory) method of lightening therapy should be used. Even though asthapana [[basti]] (non-unctuous enema) is [[vata]] shamaka (pacifying), it is ruksha in nature and can aggravate the [[vata]]. So asthapana [[basti]] (non-unctuous enema) should be used judiciously wherever indicated.

   

   

The word ''adau'' (आदौ) is used for disorders caused by a moderate intensity of ''kapha'' and ''pitta'', such as ''chhardi'' (vomiting). In these conditions, after reducing ''dosha'' by digestive medicines (''pachana''), pacification of ''dosha'' (samshamana) shall be done. But sometimes the ''pachana'' method may not be enough to treat the disease, requiring other methods of ''Langhana'' to be explored. In strong people where the diseases manifest with the mild or little intensity of ''doshas'', any treatment course includes ''vyayama'' (exercise) and ''maruta atapa sevana'' (exposure to wind and the sun).  

The word ''adau'' (आदौ) is used for disorders caused by a moderate intensity of [[kapha]] and [[pitta]], such as chhardi (vomiting). In these conditions, after reducing [[dosha]] by digestive medicines ([[pachana]]), pacification of [[dosha]] (samshamana) shall be done. But sometimes the [[pachana]] method may not be enough to treat the disease, requiring other methods of [[langhana]] to be explored. In strong people where the diseases manifest with the mild or little intensity of [[dosha]], any treatment course includes vyayama (exercise) and maruta atapa sevana(exposure to wind and the sun).  

The increase of ''dhatus'' takes place naturally in the winter season (''shishira ritu'') due to ''visarga kala'' (winter solstice). This increase in ''dhatus'' occurs in conjunction with ''kapha''. At this juncture, the rational application of ''Langhana'' does not produce any adverse effect in people afflicted with ''vata'' diseases or possessing ''vata prakriti''.14/10-11]  

The increase of [[dhatu]] takes place naturally in the winter season (shishira ritu) due to visarga kala (winter solstice). This increase in [[dhatu]] occurs in conjunction with [[kapha]]. At this juncture, the rational application of [[langhana]] does not produce any adverse effect in people afflicted with [[vata]] diseases or possessing [[vata]] [[Prakriti]].14/10-11]  

The three categories of ''Langhana'' according to the intensity of disease and ''dosha'' aggravation are described in detail in the third chapter of [[Vimana Sthana]].

The three categories of [[langhana]] according to the intensity of disease and [[dosha]] aggravation are described in detail in the third chapter of [[Vimana Sthana]].

==== Contemporary researches ====

==== Contemporary researches ====

A case study by Kambale et.al. showed that [[Langhanabrimhaniya Adhyaya#Rukshana (drying) therapy|rukshana upakrama]] therapy in the form of Takra Siddha Yavagu [[Apamarga Tanduliya Adhyaya#Description of various medicated yavagu (gruels)|(Gruel for adverse effects due to improper administration of ghee)]]and Udvartana helped in normalizing lipid profile, reduction of weight; BMI, body circumference and skin fold thickness in case of dyslipidemia.<ref>Patel B, Kamble SB, Vyas HA, Vyas MK, Chinthala R. Hypolipidemic effect of Rukshana Upakrama in the management of dyslipidemia – A case study. AYU [serial online] 2018 [cited 2019 Feb 19];39:72-5. Available from: http://www.ayujournal.org/text.asp?2018/39/2/72/250781</ref>

A case study by Kambale et.al. showed that [[Langhanabrimhaniya Adhyaya#Rukshana (drying) therapy|rukshana upakrama]] therapy in the form of Takra Siddha Yavagu [[Apamarga Tanduliya Adhyaya#Description of various medicated yavagu (gruels)|(Gruel for adverse effects due to improper administration of ghee)]] and Udvartana helped in normalizing lipid profile, reduction of weight; BMI, body circumference and skin fold thickness in case of dyslipidemia.<ref>Patel B, Kamble SB, Vyas HA, Vyas MK, Chinthala R. Hypolipidemic effect of Rukshana Upakrama in the management of dyslipidemia – A case study. AYU [serial online] 2018 [cited 2019 Feb 19];39:72-5. Available from: http://www.ayujournal.org/text.asp?2018/39/2/72/250781</ref>

</div>

</div>

== References ==

== References ==