Changes

It may be noted that the nuclear genome is characterized by homologous pairs of chromosomes of biparental origin. However, the mitochondrial DNA is transferred exclusively from the mother to the offspring without undergoing any recombination as the paternal mitochondrial DNA undergoes degradation during fertilization. It is interesting to note that the organs afflicted by the diseases transmitted through mitochondrial inheritance are skeletal muscles, brain, heart, eye, colon, pancreas, inner ear, liver, kidney and blood. [4]  

It may be noted that the nuclear genome is characterized by homologous pairs of chromosomes of biparental origin. However, the mitochondrial DNA is transferred exclusively from the mother to the offspring without undergoing any recombination as the paternal mitochondrial DNA undergoes degradation during fertilization. It is interesting to note that the organs afflicted by the diseases transmitted through mitochondrial inheritance are skeletal muscles, brain, heart, eye, colon, pancreas, inner ear, liver, kidney and blood. [4]  

The term ''shukra'' has been described to be of two forms in Ayurveda textbooks: 1. The one that is ejaculated during the process of mating, which is responsible for fertilization of ovum and thus embryogenesis, and 2. The one that is formed from Majjā (marrow, or the tissue that fills up bone cavities) which in turn circulates all over the body both in males and females. Reproduction is the function of this second form of shukra also. Therefore, on careful examination, it seems that the first form of shukra stands for semen in general and for sperms in particular and, the second form of shukra stands for hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis of hormones that circulates all over the body. For instance, the GnRH of the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete LH which in turn stimulates testes and ovaries to form hormones such as testosterone, estrogen and progesterone. As per Ayurveda classics, the brain, and thus, the hypothalamus, is obviously a part of majjā which is enclosed in mastaka. [5]

The term ''shukra'' has been described to be of two forms in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda] textbooks:  

The term rasa has been translated by various authors as chyme, chyle, lymph, plasma etc. However, it is difficult to restrict the meaning of this term to any of such specific fluids. As rasa has been described to be a colorless fluid that gets propelled out of the heart by vyāna vāyu into the vascular tree, it is more logical to translate it as plasma. However, the fluids in the interstitial spaces and the fluid in the lymphatic vessels also are to be included under rasa because we find no other apt term that describes these fluids. Moreover, the word rasa includes all those bodily fluids that flow. As the major function of rasa is to nourish the other tissues, we have translated it as nutritive fluid in this context. [6]

#The one that is ejaculated during the process of mating, which is responsible for fertilization of ovum and thus embryogenesis, and  

#The one that is formed from ''majja'' (marrow, or the tissue that fills up bone cavities) which in turn circulates all over the body both in males and females. Reproduction is the function of this second form of ''shukra'' also. Therefore, on careful examination, it seems that the first form of ''shukra'' stands for semen in general and for sperms in particular and, the second form of ''shukra'' stands for hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis of hormones that circulates all over the body. For instance, the GnRH of the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete LH which in turn stimulates testes and ovaries to form hormones such as testosterone, estrogen and progesterone. As per [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda] classics, the brain, and thus, the hypothalamus, is obviously a part of ''majja'' which is enclosed in ''mastaka''. [5]

 

The term ''rasa'' has been translated by various authors as chyme, chyle, lymph, plasma etc. However, it is difficult to restrict the meaning of this term to any of such specific fluids. As ''rasa'' has been described to be a colorless fluid that gets propelled out of the heart by ''vyana vayu'' into the vascular tree, it is more logical to translate it as plasma. However, the fluids in the interstitial spaces and the fluid in the lymphatic vessels also are to be included under ''rasa'' because we find no other apt term that describes these fluids. Moreover, the word ''rasa'' includes all those bodily fluids that flow. As the major function of ''rasa'' is to nourish the other tissues, we have translated it as nutritive fluid in this context. [6]

=== References ===

=== References ===