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|title=Karma

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|description=Karma literally means action or activity

|description=Karma literally means action or activity

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<p style="text-align:justify;">The Sanskrit word 'karma' literally means work or action. Karma is one among the six fundamental substances ([[padartha]]). Thus, karma is subject of knowledge and is the cause of all universe. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/29] Philosophical and practical approach of karma is described in classics of [[Ayurveda]]. In medical science, it can be understood that inappropriate karma is a cause of diseases. The signs and symptoms of a disease are represented by the action of vitiated [[dosha]]s (karma). Appropriate karma in the form of medical therapies, surgical procedures, etc. forms the treatment protocols. So, karma symbolises tri-aphorism (Trisutra) in [[Ayurveda]] viz. etiology ([[hetu]]), clinical features ([[linga]]) and  medicines ([[aushadha]]). [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/24] Karma denotes a broad spectrum including action of drugs, or the functions of body systems, [[dosha]] or body tissues, treatment procedures, the outcomes of the previous birth, etc. This article described concept of karma in detail with its practical applications.  

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The Sanskrit word karma literally means work or action. Karma is one among the six fundamental substances (padartha). Thus, karma is subject of knowledge and is the cause of all universe. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/29] Philosophical and practical approach of karma is described in classics of [[Ayurveda]]. In medical science, it can be understood that inappropriate karma is a cause of diseases. The signs and symptoms of a disease are represented by the action of vitiated [[dosha]]s (karma). Appropriate karma in the form of medical therapies, surgical procedures, etc. forms the treatment protocols. So, karma symbolises tri-aphorism (Trisutra) in [[Ayurveda]] viz. etiology ([[hetu]]), clinical features ([[linga]]) and  medicines ([[aushadha]]). [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/24] Karma denotes a broad spectrum including action of drugs, or the functions of body systems, [[dosha]] or body tissues, treatment procedures, the outcomes of the previous birth, etc. This article described concept of karma in detail with its practical applications.  

 

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|label5 = Affiliations

|label5 = Affiliations

|data5 = ¹ Department of Kriya Sharira, A.I.I.A. , New Delhi, India

|data5 = ¹ Department of Kriya Sharira, A.I.I.A., New Delhi, India,

² [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I.T.R.A., Jamnagar, India

³G.J. Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat, India  

² Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.,  

³ Department of Kayachikitsa, G.J. Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat, India  

|label6 = Correspondence email

|label6 = Correspondence email

|data6 = meera.samhita@aiia.gov.in, carakasamhita@gmail.com  

|data6 = meera.samhita@aiia.gov.in, carakasamhita@gmail.com  

|label7 = Date of first publication:

|label7 = Publisher

|data7 = February 23, 2022

|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I.T.R.A., Jamnagar, India

|label8 = DOI

|label8 = Date of first publication:

|data8 = under process

 

|label9 = DOI

|data9 = 10.47468/CSNE.2022.e01.s09.090

}}

}}

==Etymology and derivation==

==Etymology and derivation==

    

    

#Satpratyaya: The actions done voluntarily are ‘satpratyaya’. For example: The action of voluntarily to and fro movements of the hands.

#Satpratyaya: The actions done voluntarily are ‘satpratyaya’. For example: The action of voluntarily to and fro movements of the hands.

#Asatpratyaya: The actions which occur by itself or automatic reactions. For example: When a rubber ball falls on ground from a height, then it automatically moves up after rebounding from the ground.

#Asatpratyaya: The actions which occur by itself or automatic reactions. For example: When a rubber ball falls on ground from a height, then it automatically moves up after rebounding from the ground.

#Apratyaya: These actions occur only in non-living objects.

#Apratyaya: These actions occur only in non-living objects. It is further of three types-

It is further of three types-

a) Nodana: Movement of water on inserting legs in it.

a) Nodana: Movement of water on inserting legs in it.

#One substance can give rise to the other, one quality to other quality, but one karma cannot give rise to other karma (samanajatiyanarambhakatwa).

#One substance can give rise to the other, one quality to other quality, but one karma cannot give rise to other karma (samanajatiyanarambhakatwa).

#Karma cannot give rise to a substance (dravyanarambhakatwa).

#Karma cannot give rise to a substance (dravyanarambhakatwa).

#Like substance ([[dravya]]) and quality (]]guna]]), karma too can be classified into classes (pratiniyatajatiyogitwa).

#Like substance ([[dravya]]) and quality ([[guna]]), karma too can be classified into classes (pratiniyatajatiyogitwa).

All these features indicate that the combination or separation of a substance with the other is not possible without karma. Like quality ([[guna]]) is inseparable with the substance (samavayasambandh), there is no existence of karma without the basis of substance. Karma, the cause of combination and separation, is different from these two. Combination and separation are the results of karma.

All these features indicate that the combination or separation of a substance with the other is not possible without karma. Like quality ([[guna]]) is inseparable with the substance (samavayasambandh), there is no existence of karma without the basis of substance. Karma, the cause of combination and separation, is different from these two. Combination and separation are the results of karma.

*[[Nasya]]/Shirovirechana is an utkshepana process in which the drug moves upward in head region and the motion of [[dosha]]s is also in the same direction.

*[[Nasya]]/Shirovirechana is an utkshepana process in which the drug moves upward in head region and the motion of [[dosha]]s is also in the same direction.

[[Panchakarma]] are called the main karma. Certain procedures are carried out prior to [[panchakarma]] depending on the condition of the person and the disease. These karmas are called poorvakarma (poorva denoting to prior) and mainly include oleation ([[snehana]]) and sweating ([[swedana]]). In [[snehana]], oleation is done both internally and externally. The oil (sneha) spreads in the body by prasarana. Exercise ([[vyayama]]) is a type of niragni swedana [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 14/64] (one type of [[swedana]] in which sweating is done without the use of fire) in which both akunchana and prasarana is carried out.

[[Panchakarma]] are called the main karma. Certain procedures are carried out prior to [[panchakarma]] depending on the condition of the person and the disease. These karmas are called poorvakarma (poorva denoting to prior) and mainly include oleation ([[snehana]]) and sweating ([[swedana]]). In [[snehana]], oleation is done both internally and externally. The oil (sneha) spreads in the body by prasarana. Exercise ([[vyayama]]) is a type of [[swedana]] in which sweating is done without the use of fire (niragni swedana) [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 14/64] in which both akunchana and prasarana is carried out.

Various surgical procedures are based on karmas. Example: Incision (bhedana) and puncturing (vedhana) are motion (gamana) karma. Pus of abscess is expelled out by contraction (akunchana) process. In excision (chhedana), body tissues ([[dhatu]]) are settled down by avakshepana. In healing procedure (ropana), body tissues move upwards by utkshepana.

Various surgical procedures are based on karmas. Example: Incision (bhedana) and puncturing (vedhana) are motion (gamana) karma. Pus of abscess is expelled out by contraction (akunchana) process. In excision (chhedana), body tissues ([[dhatu]]) are settled down by avakshepana. In healing procedure (ropana), body tissues move upwards by utkshepana.

*The determination of good life (hitayu) and comfortable life (sukhayu) is based on their characteristic features expressed in the form of Karma.

*The determination of good life (hitayu) and comfortable life (sukhayu) is based on their characteristic features expressed in the form of Karma.

*Karma helps in attaining the goals of [[Ayurveda]] i.e. equilibrium state of all components.

*Karma helps in attaining the goals of [[Ayurveda]] i.e. equilibrium state of all components.

*Assessment of body constitution [[prakruti]] can be done on the basis of karma.

*Assessment of body constitution ([[prakruti]]) can be done on the basis of karma.

*All the six therapies (shadopakrama) are named based on their karma (effect).

*All the six therapies (shadopakrama) are named based on their karma (effect).

*Drug identification and selection are done on the basis of karma.

*Drug identification and selection are done on the basis of karma.

*Karma can explain the cases that do not respond and end in fatality, like Epidemics and Castrophe.

*Karma can explain the cases that do not respond and end in fatality, like Epidemics and Castrophe.

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==References==

==References==

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