Difference between revisions of "Kapha dosha"
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<div style='text-align:justify;'>All the living & nonliving thingsoriginate from panchamahabhuta. These panchamahabhutaoriginate from trigunatmaka prakriti as described in evolution process (utpatti karma). Dosha evolve from panchamahbhuta, so these dosha bear triguna property. Sushruta stated that kaphaevolved from jala and prithvi. Jala has sattva and tama predominance. Prithvihas tama predominance <ref name="ref3"/> [Su. Sa.ShariraSthana 1/20] Shharangdhara and Bhavaprakashopine that kaphahas tama predominance. [Sha.Sa.Pratham Khand 5]<ref name="ref6">Sharngdhara. Sarngadhara Samhita. Edited by Parashuram Shastri Vidyasagar. Varanasi: ChaukhambhaSurabharatiPrakashan ;2013.</ref> [Bha. Pra. Purva Khand 3/103]<ref name="ref7">Bhava mishra. Bhavaprakasha, Edited by Brahmasankara Mishra, Rupalalaji Vaisya. 5th ed. Hindi Commentary Vidyotini; Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 1969.</ref> (Figure 01) | <div style='text-align:justify;'>All the living & nonliving thingsoriginate from panchamahabhuta. These panchamahabhutaoriginate from trigunatmaka prakriti as described in evolution process (utpatti karma). Dosha evolve from panchamahbhuta, so these dosha bear triguna property. Sushruta stated that kaphaevolved from jala and prithvi. Jala has sattva and tama predominance. Prithvihas tama predominance <ref name="ref3"/> [Su. Sa.ShariraSthana 1/20] Shharangdhara and Bhavaprakashopine that kaphahas tama predominance. [Sha.Sa.Pratham Khand 5]<ref name="ref6">Sharngdhara. Sarngadhara Samhita. Edited by Parashuram Shastri Vidyasagar. Varanasi: ChaukhambhaSurabharatiPrakashan ;2013.</ref> [Bha. Pra. Purva Khand 3/103]<ref name="ref7">Bhava mishra. Bhavaprakasha, Edited by Brahmasankara Mishra, Rupalalaji Vaisya. 5th ed. Hindi Commentary Vidyotini; Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 1969.</ref> (Figure 01) | ||
[[File:Fig1.jpg|center|Figure 01: Relation between Triguna, Mahabhuta and Kapha Dosha.]]<center>'''Figure 01: Relation between Triguna, Mahabhuta and Kapha Dosha.'''</center></div> | [[File:Fig1.jpg|center|Figure 01: Relation between Triguna, Mahabhuta and Kapha Dosha.]]<center>'''Figure 01: Relation between Triguna, Mahabhuta and Kapha Dosha.'''</center></div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Sites of kapha == | ||
| + | <div style='text-align:justify;'>Dosha are present all over the body. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9] They have specific sites in normal physiological conditions. The general location of kapha is the upper parts of the body. It is marked as above the heart(hridaya).[A.S. Sutra Sthana 1/4]<ref name="ref5"/> Thes pecific seats of kapha areas below: [Code:SAT-B.238]<ref name="ref1"/> [Code:SAT-B.420]<ref name="ref1"/>(Figure 02) | ||
| + | <ul><li>Chest(Ura)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9] [Su. Sa.SutraSthana 21/7]<ref name="ref3"/>[A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/3]<ref name="ref5"/>[A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3]<ref name="ref8">Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridayam. Edited by HarishastriParadkar Vaidya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy; 2000.</ref> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9">Kashyapa. Kashyapa Samhita. Edited by P. V. Tewari. Reprint. Varanasi: Chaukhambha vishvabharati;2008.</ref></li> | ||
| + | <li>Head (shira)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9] [Su. Sa.SutraSthana 21/7]<ref name="ref3"/>[A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/3]<ref name="ref5"/>[A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3]<ref name="ref8"/> </li> | ||
| + | <li>Neck region(griva)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9][K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/> </li> | ||
| + | <li>Joints (parva or sandhi)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9] [Su. Sa.SutraSthana 21/7]<ref name="ref3"/> [A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/3]<ref name="ref5"/>[A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3]<ref name="ref8"/>[K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/> </li> | ||
| + | <li>Stomach(amashaya)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9] [A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/3]<ref name="ref5"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3]<ref name="ref8"/> </li> | ||
| + | <li>Fat (meda)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9] [A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/3]<ref name="ref5"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3]<ref name="ref8"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/> </li> | ||
| + | <li>Throat(kantha) [Su. Sa.SutraSthana 21/7]<ref name="ref3"/> [A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/3]<ref name="ref5"/>[A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3]<ref name="ref8"/> </li> | ||
| + | <li>Organ controlling water uptake and loss(kloma) [A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/3]<ref name="ref5"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3]<ref name="ref8"/> </li> | ||
| + | <li>Nutrient body fluid or plasma (rasa)[A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/3]<ref name="ref5"/>[A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3]<ref name="ref8"/> </li> | ||
| + | <li>Nose (ghrana) [A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/3]<ref name="ref5"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3]<ref name="ref8"/> </li> | ||
| + | <li>Tongue(jihva or rasana)[Su. Sa.SutraSthana 21/7]<ref name="ref3"/>[A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/3]<ref name="ref5"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3]<ref name="ref8"/> </li> | ||
| + | <li>Arms(bahu) [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/> </li></ul> | ||
| + | Among all these sites, chest region (ura) is the prime site of kapha dosha.[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9][A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/3]<ref name="ref5"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3]<ref name="ref8"/> [Arunadatta on A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3]<ref name="ref8"/> Kapha doshais predominately present in stomach(amashaya). [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/6]<ref name="ref3"/> Chakrapani precisely explains the location of kapha as upper part of amashaya(stomach). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8] | ||
| + | [[File:Kapha dosha Fig2.jpg|center]]<center>'''Figure 02. General(A) and specific sites(B) of kapha dosha.'''</center></div> | ||
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| + | |||
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Revision as of 13:13, 27 December 2022
Kapha dosha controls body fluids and maintains the structural cohesion of the organism. It is one of the three dosha. It is responsible for cohesiveness, unctuousness, lubricity, stability, and immunity. Kapha dosha has dominance of prithvi and jala mahabhuta.[Code:SAT-B.414][1] The concept of kapha is the foundation for growth, preservation, and anabolism theories.
| Section/Chapter/topic | Concepts/Dosha/Kapha Dosha |
|---|---|
| Authors |
Bhojani M. K. 1, Tanwar Ankur Kumar 1 |
| Reviewer | Basisht G.2, |
| Editor | Deole Y.S.3 |
| Affiliations |
1 Department of Sharir Kriya, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India 2 Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. 3Department of Kayachikitsa, G.J.Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India |
| Correspondence emails |
meera.samhita@aiia.gov.in, carakasamhita@gmail.com |
| Publisher | Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre, I.T.R.A., Jamnagar, India |
| Date of publication: | December 16, 2022 |
| DOI | 10.47468/CSNE.2022.e01.s09.123 |
Etymology and derivation
The word kapha is derived from root “kena jalena phalati iti kapha”.[2] It implies that water is the foundation of the kapha. The term ‘Shleshma’ used for kapha is derived from the root “ shlish alingane”.[3][Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/5] The meaning is to cohere, to keep together, or to adhere.
Synonyms:[3][4]
In normal states-Shleshma [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 12/12], bala[Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 17/117], oja[Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 17/117], balasa[Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 4/74][3] [Vachaspati on M.N. 2/40][4] balasaka[Vijayarakshita on M.N. 2/40][4], Soma[Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 12/12]
In abnormal states- Papma, mala[Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 17/117]
In abnormal states- Papma, mala[Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 17/117]
Various aspects:
Kapha is related to bala(strength) to perform work. It is a potential source of resistance to disease and aging. It is responsible for union and integration. Soma or water in the body, is implicit in the kapha. [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 12/12] The body weight and growth are both regulated by kapha. It bestows stability and toughness. It is a crucial element in the healing process and is regarded as virility, robust sexual health, and reproductive ability. All biological fluids, whether internal or extracellular, are composed of kapha and serve essential purpose of body. It oversees many types of cohesiveness between cells, tissue, and organs.
Bhautika composition
Kapha dosha has dominance of Jala and Prithvi mahabhuta.[5][A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/2] Although all the mahabhuta participate in the composition, jala mahabhuta expresses dominant role and Prithvi mahabhuta as secondary. Acharya sushruta opines that kapha dosha originatesfrom saumya or jalamahabhuta.[3][Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana42/5] [DalhanaSu.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/8](Figure 01)
Kapha dosha and triguna
All the living & nonliving thingsoriginate from panchamahabhuta. These panchamahabhutaoriginate from trigunatmaka prakriti as described in evolution process (utpatti karma). Dosha evolve from panchamahbhuta, so these dosha bear triguna property. Sushruta stated that kaphaevolved from jala and prithvi. Jala has sattva and tama predominance. Prithvihas tama predominance [3] [Su. Sa.ShariraSthana 1/20] Shharangdhara and Bhavaprakashopine that kaphahas tama predominance. [Sha.Sa.Pratham Khand 5][6] [Bha. Pra. Purva Khand 3/103][7] (Figure 01)
Figure 01: Relation between Triguna, Mahabhuta and Kapha Dosha.
Sites of kapha
Dosha are present all over the body. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9] They have specific sites in normal physiological conditions. The general location of kapha is the upper parts of the body. It is marked as above the heart(hridaya).[A.S. Sutra Sthana 1/4][5] Thes pecific seats of kapha areas below: [Code:SAT-B.238][1] [Code:SAT-B.420][1](Figure 02)
Figure 02. General(A) and specific sites(B) of kapha dosha.
- Chest(Ura)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9] [Su. Sa.SutraSthana 21/7][3][A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/3][5][A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3][8] [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11][9]
- Head (shira)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9] [Su. Sa.SutraSthana 21/7][3][A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/3][5][A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3][8]
- Neck region(griva)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9][K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11][9]
- Joints (parva or sandhi)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9] [Su. Sa.SutraSthana 21/7][3] [A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/3][5][A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3][8][K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11][9]
- Stomach(amashaya)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9] [A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/3][5] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3][8]
- Fat (meda)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9] [A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/3][5] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3][8] [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11][9]
- Throat(kantha) [Su. Sa.SutraSthana 21/7][3] [A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/3][5][A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3][8]
- Organ controlling water uptake and loss(kloma) [A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/3][5] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3][8]
- Nutrient body fluid or plasma (rasa)[A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/3][5][A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3][8]
- Nose (ghrana) [A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/3][5] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3][8]
- Tongue(jihva or rasana)[Su. Sa.SutraSthana 21/7][3][A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/3][5] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3][8]
- Arms(bahu) [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11][9]
Among all these sites, chest region (ura) is the prime site of kapha dosha.[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9][A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/3][5] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3][8] [Arunadatta on A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/3][8] Kapha doshais predominately present in stomach(amashaya). [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/6][3] Chakrapani precisely explains the location of kapha as upper part of amashaya(stomach). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8]
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 KhandaleN.S.(2014): Conceptual and Applied study of Snigdha Guna of Kapha Dosha w s r ShariraBala.Dept. of Kriya Sharir, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurved University.
- ↑ Amarkosha. Amarsimha, Edited by Pt. Haragovindasastri. Reprint Ed. Varanasi:Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 2020.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by JadavajiTrikamjiAacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Madhavakar. Madhava Nidanam. Edited by SashtriSudarshana, UpadhayaYadunandana. 30th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthana; 2000.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 Vagbhata. Ashtanga Samgraha. Edited by Shivprasadsharma. 3rd Ed., Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office; 2012.
- ↑ Sharngdhara. Sarngadhara Samhita. Edited by Parashuram Shastri Vidyasagar. Varanasi: ChaukhambhaSurabharatiPrakashan ;2013.
- ↑ Bhava mishra. Bhavaprakasha, Edited by Brahmasankara Mishra, Rupalalaji Vaisya. 5th ed. Hindi Commentary Vidyotini; Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 1969.
- ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridayam. Edited by HarishastriParadkar Vaidya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy; 2000.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Kashyapa. Kashyapa Samhita. Edited by P. V. Tewari. Reprint. Varanasi: Chaukhambha vishvabharati;2008.