Changes

|keywords=Kalpa Sthana, Madanakalpa Adhyaya, Jimutaka Kalpa Adhyaya, Ikshvaku Kalpa Adhyaya, Dhamargava Kalpa Adhyaya, Vatsaka Kalpa Adhyaya, Kritavedhana Kalpa Adhyaya, Shyamatrivrita Kalpa Adhyaya, Chaturangula Kalpa Adhyaya, Tilvaka Kalpa Adhyaya, Sudha Kalpa Adhyaya, Saptalashankhini Kalpa Adhyaya, Dantidravanti Kalpa Adhyaya

|keywords=Kalpa Sthana, Madanakalpa Adhyaya, Jimutaka Kalpa Adhyaya, Ikshvaku Kalpa Adhyaya, Dhamargava Kalpa Adhyaya, Vatsaka Kalpa Adhyaya, Kritavedhana Kalpa Adhyaya, Shyamatrivrita Kalpa Adhyaya, Chaturangula Kalpa Adhyaya, Tilvaka Kalpa Adhyaya, Sudha Kalpa Adhyaya, Saptalashankhini Kalpa Adhyaya, Dantidravanti Kalpa Adhyaya

|description=Kalpa Sthana deals with the study of formulations used in therapeutic purification procedures

|description=Kalpa Sthana deals with the study of formulations used in therapeutic purification procedures

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image_alt=charak samhita

|image_alt=charak samhita

|type=article

|type=article

|data3 = [[Siddhi Sthana]]

|data3 = [[Siddhi Sthana]]

|label4 = Other Sections

|label4 = Other Sections

|data4 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidhana Sthana]],[[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]]

|data4 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidana Sthana]],[[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]]

|label5 = Author

|label5 = Author

|data5 = Nishteswar K.

|data5 = Nishteswar K.

|label7 = Editors  

|label7 = Editors  

|data7  = Deole Y.S.,Basisht G.

|data7  = Deole Y.S.,Basisht G.

|label8 = Date of publication  

|label8 = Year of publication  

|data8 = December 17, 2018

|data8 = 2020

|label9 = DOI  

|label9 = DOI  

|data9  = --

|data9  = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s07.001 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s07.001]

|header10 = Chapters

|header10 = Chapters

|label11 =  

|label11 =  

|data11 = [[Madanakalpa Adhyaya]], [[Jimutaka Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Ikshvaku Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Dhamargava Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Vatsaka Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Kritavedhana Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Shyamatrivrita Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Chaturangula Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Tilvaka Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Sudha Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Saptalashankhini Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Dantidravanti Kalpa Adhyaya]] }}

|data11 = 1. [[Madanakalpa Adhyaya]], 2. [[Jimutaka Kalpa Adhyaya]], 3. [[Ikshvaku Kalpa Adhyaya]], 4. [[Dhamargava Kalpa Adhyaya]], 5. [[Vatsaka Kalpa Adhyaya]], 6. [[Kritavedhana Kalpa Adhyaya]], 7. [[Shyamatrivrita Kalpa Adhyaya]], 8. [[Chaturangula Kalpa Adhyaya]], 9. [[Tilvaka Kalpa Adhyaya]], 10. [[Sudha Kalpa Adhyaya]], 11. [[Saptalashankhini Kalpa Adhyaya]], 12. [[Dantidravanti Kalpa Adhyaya]] }}

'''<big>Preamble of Kalpa Sthana</big>'''

'''<big>Preamble of Kalpa Sthana</big>'''

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

=== Fundamental principles===

=== Fundamental principles===

A healthy individual is an asset to any society, while a sick individual will be a liability to his family in particular and the society at large. To keep oneself healthy, [[Ayurveda]] lays down the principles of various lifestyles in terms of daily regimen (''dinacharya''), seasonal regimen (''ritucharya'') and modified lifestyles to cure the diseases. Physical exercise for the preservation of health begins with adapting techniques for purification of the body and the mind along with an intake of ''rasayana'' drugs (rejuvenatives). Accumulated ''malas'' (metabolic waste) at the level of cell, tissue or organ should be expunged out to facilitate the restoration of normal functioning of the body by five purificatory procedures (''shodhana karma'') often referred as [[Panchakarma]], namely ''vamana'' (emesis), ''virechana'' (purgation), ''asthapana basti'' (evacuative enema), ''anuvasana basti'' (restorative enema), and ''shirovirechana'' (errhines) are indicated for healthy as well as diseased persons. If ''malas'' are not taken out of the body, they cause diseases and decay (ageing) of the body. After purification procedures, ''jatharagni'' (gastro-intestinal digestive juices) becomes weak and may not digest the food normally.  For restoration of this function, the food that is easily digestible is introduced and increased gradually over a period of time and this procedure is called ''samsarjana karma''. Details of pharmaceutical process of drugs employed in ''vamana'' and ''virechana'' procedures are given in this section and detailed therapeutic implications of all the ''shodhana'' karma in [[Siddhi Sthana]].  

A healthy individual is an asset to any society, while a sick individual will be a liability to his family in particular and the society at large. To keep oneself healthy, [[Ayurveda]] lays down the principles of various lifestyles in terms of daily regimen ([[dinacharya]]), seasonal regimen ([[ritucharya]]) and modified lifestyles to cure the diseases. Physical exercise for the preservation of health begins with adapting techniques for purification of the body and the mind along with an intake of [[rasayana]] drugs (rejuvenatives). Accumulated [[mala]] (metabolic waste) at the level of cell, tissue or organ should be expunged out to facilitate the restoration of normal functioning of the body by five purification procedures ([[shodhana karma]]) often referred as [[Panchakarma]], namely [[vamana]] (emesis), [[virechana]] (purgation), [[asthapana basti]] (evacuative enema), [[anuvasana basti]] (restorative enema), and [[shirovirechana]] (errhines) are indicated for healthy as well as diseased persons. If ''malas'' are not taken out of the body, they cause diseases and decay (ageing) of the body. After purification procedures, ''jatharagni'' (gastro-intestinal digestive juices) becomes weak and may not digest the food normally.  For restoration of this function, the food that is easily digestible is introduced and increased gradually over a period of time and this procedure is called ''samsarjana karma''. Details of pharmaceutical process of drugs employed in [[vamana]] and [[virechana]] procedures are given in this section and detailed therapeutic implications of all the [[shodhana]] karma in [[Siddhi Sthana]].  

''Vamana'' and ''virechana'' therapies should be administered before administering ''basti'' (medicated enema therapy). Therefore, ''vamana'' and ''virechana'' drugs are first described in [[Kalpa Sthana]] before the description of ''basti'' therapy, which is described in detail under [[Siddhi Sthana]]. Generally, purgation therapy is administered only after the administration of emetic therapy and keeping this view the first six chapters are allocated for description of emetic drugs.  

[[Vamana]] and [[virechana]] therapies should be administered before administering [[basti]] (medicated enema therapy). Therefore, [[vamana]] and [[virechana]] drugs are first described in [[Kalpa Sthana]] before the description of [[basti]] therapy, which is described in detail under [[Siddhi Sthana]]. Generally, purgation therapy is administered only after the administration of emetic therapy and keeping this view the first six chapters are allocated for description of emetic drugs.  

Six drugs have been described for emesis and nine others are described for purgation. Six hundred recipes prepared from these drugs (Total 15 drugs) are for the use of physician of low caliber and intelligent physician can formulate many other recipes to suit the exact requirement of his patient. The formulations are prescribed according to disease in different dosage forms like ''kashaya'' (decoction), ''svarasa'' (juice), ''kalka'' (paste), ''churna'' (powder), ''peya'' (drinks), ''lehya'' (lickable), and ''bhojya'' (foods).  

Six drugs have been described for emesis and nine others are described for purgation. Six hundred recipes prepared from these drugs (Total 15 drugs) are for the use of physician of low caliber and intelligent physician can formulate many other recipes to suit the exact requirement of his patient. The formulations are prescribed according to disease in different dosage forms like ''kashaya'' (decoction), ''svarasa'' (juice), ''kalka'' (paste), ''churna'' (powder), ''peya'' (drinks), ''lehya'' (lickable), and ''bhojya'' (foods).  

==== Factors responsible for therapeutic efficacy ====

==== Factors responsible for therapeutic efficacy ====

Four important factors for producing maximum therapeutic efficacy of these drugs are identified. ''Deshasampat'' (collecting the plant from appropriate habitat), ''kalasampat'' (collecting the drugs in the appropriate season), ''gunasampat'' (collecting the plants when they are enriched with excellent attributes like ''rasa'', ''guna'', ''virya'', etc.) and ''bhajanasampat'' (storage of drugs in appropriate container).

Four important factors for producing maximum therapeutic efficacy of these drugs are identified. ''Deshasampat'' (collecting the plant from appropriate habitat), ''kalasampat'' (collecting the drugs in the appropriate season), ''gunasampat'' (collecting the plants when they are enriched with excellent attributes like ''rasa'', [[guna]], [[virya]], etc.) and ''bhajanasampat'' (storage of drugs in appropriate container).

==== Pharmacokinetics of Drugs ====

==== Pharmacokinetics of Drugs ====

Drugs (used for emesis and purgation) which are ''ushna'' (hot), ''tikshna'' (sharp), ''sukshma'' (subtle), ''vyavayi'' (those pervading the entire body before getting digested) and ''vikasi'' (those causing looseness of joints), by virtue of their own potency, reach the heart and circulate through the vessels. Because of their ''agneya'' nature (predominance of ''agni mahabhuta'', or fire element), they liquefy the compact form of (adhered) ''doshas'' (morbid material), and because of their sharpness (''tikshna'' attribute) they separate the adhered ''doshas'' located in the gross and subtle channels of the entire body.  Like honey kept in the pot smeared with fat, the morbid material, after separation, moves floating without adhesion in the body which has been oleated (by the administration of oleation therapy). Because of its nature to move through subtle channels and to flow (towards the gastrointestinal tract), this morbid material reaches the stomach, and gets propelled by ''udana vayu''. Because of the predominance of ''agni'' and ''vayu mahabhutas'' in these (emetic) drugs, and because of their specific action to move upwards, the morbid material gets expelled through the upward tract (mouth). On the other hand, purgative drugs, because of the predominance of ''prithvi'' and ''jala mahabhutas'', and because of their specific action, (''prabhavajanya'') move downwards to expel the morbid material through the downward tract (anus). Combination of both these attributes result in the expulsion of the morbid material through both the upward and downward tracts.

Drugs (used for emesis and purgation) which are ''ushna'' (hot), ''tikshna'' (sharp), ''sukshma'' (subtle), ''vyavayi'' (those pervading the entire body before getting digested) and ''vikasi'' (those causing looseness of joints), by virtue of their own potency, reach the heart and circulate through the vessels. Because of their ''agneya'' nature (predominance of [[agni mahabhuta]], or fire element), they liquefy the compact form of (adhered) [[dosha]] (morbid material), and because of their sharpness (''tikshna'' attribute) they separate the adhered [[dosha]] located in the gross and subtle channels of the entire body.  Like honey kept in the pot smeared with fat, the morbid material, after separation, moves floating without adhesion in the body which has been oleated (by the administration of oleation therapy). Because of its nature to move through subtle channels and to flow (towards the gastrointestinal tract), this morbid material reaches the stomach, and gets propelled by ''udana vayu''. Because of the predominance of [[agni mahabhuta]] and [[vayu mahabhuta]] in these (emetic) drugs, and because of their specific action to move upwards, the morbid material gets expelled through the upward tract (mouth). On the other hand, purgative drugs, because of the predominance of ''prithvi'' and ''jala mahabhutas'', and because of their specific action, (''prabhavajanya'') move downwards to expel the morbid material through the downward tract (anus). Combination of both these attributes result in the expulsion of the morbid material through both the upward and downward tracts.

==== Similarities/ Dissimilarities of ''virya'' ====

==== Similarities/ Dissimilarities of ''virya'' ====

=== Important concepts in Kalpa Sthana ===

=== Important concepts in Kalpa Sthana ===

* Mode of action of [[Vamana]] and [[Virechana]] (Chapter 1 Verse 5)

* Mode of action of [[Vamana]] and [[Virechana]] [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 1 / 5]

* Factors responsible for potency of drug (Chapter 1 verse 7)

* Factors responsible for potency of drug [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 1 / 7]

* Selection of soil and desha classification for collecting good quality medicinal plants (Chapter 1 verse 7-8)

* Selection of soil and desha classification for collecting good quality medicinal plants [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 1 / 7-8]

* Ideal and forbidden areas for collecting medicinal plants (Chapter 1 verse 9)

* Ideal and forbidden areas for collecting medicinal plants [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 1 / 9]

* Time period of collection and harvesting herbs (Chapter 1 verse 10)

* Time period of collection and harvesting herbs[Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 1 / 10]

* Storage of herbs (Chapter 1 verse 11)

* Storage of herbs [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 1 / 11]

* Concept of [[Anupana]] (vehicle) (Chapter 1 verse 12)

* Concept of [[Anupana]] (vehicle) [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 1 / 12]

* Nasal drug delivery of herbs (Chapter 1 verse 19, Chapter 3 verses 11-12, Chapter 4 verse 10, Chapter 10 verse 17)

* Nasal drug delivery of herbs [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 1 / 19], [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 3 / 11-12],[Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 4 / 10],[Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 10 / 17]

* Concept of ascending dosage schedule (vardhamana matra) (Chapter 3 verse 13)

* Concept of ascending dosage schedule (vardhamana matra)[Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 3 / 13]

* Development of different dosage forms of purgatives according to constitution (Chapter 7 verse 28)

* Development of different dosage forms of purgatives according to constitution [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 7 / 28]

* Formulation of purgative drugs according to seasons (Chapter 7 verse 56 and 59)

* Formulation of purgative drugs according to seasons[Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 7 / 56-59]

* Formulation designing according to koshtha(Chapter 10 verse 17)    

* Formulation designing according to koshtha[Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 10 / 17]    

* Principles of indicating nomenclature of formulation (Chapter 12 verse 44)

* Principles of indicating nomenclature of formulation [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 12 / 44]

* Concept of potentiation of drugs including the theory of antogonism and synergism (Chapter 12 verse 45-48)

* Concept of potentiation of drugs including the theory of antogonism and synergism [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 12 / 45-48]

* Categorization or classification of therapeutic response into mild, moderate and severe categories (Chapter 12 verse 50-56)

* Categorization or classification of therapeutic response into mild, moderate and severe categories [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 12 / 50-56]

* Importance of assessment of roga bala and rogi bala ( severity of disease and strength of patient) for prescribing purification procedures(Chapter 12 verse 60)

* Importance of assessment of roga bala and rogi bala ( severity of disease and strength of patient) for prescribing purification procedures[Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 12 / 60]

* Management of residual [[dosha]] with food and medicated decoctions after purification therapies (Chapter 12 verse 66)

* Management of residual [[dosha]] with food and medicated decoctions after purification therapies.[Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 12 / 66]

* Concept of examination of koshtha (status of gastrointestinal tract) while administering [[vamana]] and [[virechana]] drugs (Chapter 12 verse 67)

* Concept of examination of koshtha (status of gastrointestinal tract) while administering [[vamana]] and [[virechana]] drugs.[Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 12 /67]

* Concept of sneha and ruksha [[virechana]] (Chapter 12 verse 82-83)

* Concept of sneha and ruksha [[virechana]] [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 12 / 82-83]

* Inhibiting factors fro prevention of purgative actions (Chapter 12 verse 80)

* Inhibiting factors fro prevention of purgative actions.[Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 12 / 80]

* Concept of posology based upon koshtha(status of gastro intestinal tract), vaya(age) and bala(strength) (Chapter 12 verse 86)

* Concept of posology based upon koshtha(status of gastro intestinal tract), vaya(age) and bala(strength)[Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 12 / 86]

=== Important areas of research and its clinical applications ===

=== Important areas of research and its clinical applications ===