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Line 1: + + + + + + + + + + − − <big>'''Abstract'''</big> − − <div style="text-align:justify;">This chapter describes how humans perceive the world surroundings by means of five senses (Hear, see, smell, − taste, and touch), how a system of five senses called [[Indriya]] [[Pancha-Panchaka]] works and communicates with mind to perceive the surroundings and how a person can maintain health by using his/her senses properly (and therefore leading a tempered, ethical life) or suffer from disease by not using their senses properly. It also explains the role of mind, intellect and soul in the entire process of perception. This chapter describes the qualities of the mind based on the predominance of the three fundamental qualities, the [[triguna]] ([[sattva]], [[rajas]] and [[tamas]]), including the illusions created by the mind that makes a common observer perceive through his/her senses, say, multiple minds instead of one. It further describes the spiritual elements ([[Adhyatma dravya guna samgraha]]) & their action. The principles of psycho-pathogenesis based on the excessive, deficient and perverted association of five senses with their objects along with the principles of preventing psychic disturbances and preserving the physical, mental and socio-spiritual health in the form of the principles of [[sadvritta]] are elaborately described. This involves a broad range of ethical observances & moral practices for preventing psychosomatic disturbances. Broadly, the practices regarding code of general ethics, diet, natural urges, relationship with women, study, regarding self-control & related to worship are elaborately described. General ethical practices related to individual, inter- personal & about maintenance of social relations have been included, which are extremely valuable for personal & social health. </div> − − '''Keywords''': [[Pancha-panchaka]], [[indriya]], [[manas]], [[sadvritta]], [[Adhyatma dravya guna samgraha]], mind, senses, soul, psychology, behaviour therapy, psycho pathology, psycho spiritual aspect, super sense, psychological trait. − </div> − Line 23:
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{{CiteButton}}
{{#seo:
|title=Indriyopakramaniya Adhyaya
|titlemode=append
|keywords=Pancha-panchaka, indriya, manas, sadvritta, Adhyatma dravya guna samgraha, mind, senses, soul, psychology, behaviour therapy, psycho pathology, psycho spiritual aspect, super sense, psychological trait, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.
|description=Sutra Sthana Chapter 8.The Disciplinary Protocol for Sense and Motor Organs
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
|image_alt=carak samhita
|type=article
}}
<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 8.The Disciplinary Protocol for Sense and Motor Organs '''</big>
<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 8.The Disciplinary Protocol for Sense and Motor Organs '''</big>
{{Infobox
{{Infobox
|title = Indriyopakramaniya Adhyaya
|title = Indriyopakramaniya Adhyaya
|label5 = Other Sections
|label5 = Other Sections
|data5 = [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]
|data5 = [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]
|label6 = Translator and commentator
|data6 = Tripathi J.S., [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y. S.]]
|label7 = Reviewer
|data7 = Rao M., Chandola H.M., Tanna I.
|label8 = Editors
|data8 = Reddy P.S., [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]], [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]
|label9 = Year of publication
|data9 = 2020
|label10 = Publisher
|data10 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|label11 = DOI
|data11 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s01.010 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s01.010]
}}
}}
<big>'''Abstract'''</big>
<p style="text-align:justify;">This chapter describes how humans perceive the world surroundings by means of five senses (Hear, see, smell,
taste, and touch), how a system of five senses called [[Indriya]] [[Pancha-Panchaka]] works and communicates with mind to perceive the surroundings and how a person can maintain health by using his/her senses properly (and therefore leading a tempered, ethical life) or suffer from disease by not using their senses properly. It also explains the role of mind, intellect and soul in the entire process of perception. This chapter describes the qualities of the mind based on the predominance of the three fundamental qualities, the [[triguna]] ([[sattva]], [[rajas]] and [[tamas]]), including the illusions created by the mind that makes a common observer perceive through his/her senses, say, multiple minds instead of one. It further describes the spiritual elements ([[Adhyatma dravya guna samgraha]]) & their action. The principles of psycho-pathogenesis based on the excessive, deficient and perverted association of five senses with their objects along with the principles of preventing psychic disturbances and preserving the physical, mental and socio-spiritual health in the form of the principles of [[sadvritta]] are elaborately described. This involves a broad range of ethical observances & moral practices for preventing psychosomatic disturbances. Broadly, the practices regarding code of general ethics, diet, natural urges, relationship with women, study, regarding self-control & related to worship are elaborately described. General ethical practices related to individual, inter- personal & about maintenance of social relations have been included, which are extremely valuable for personal & social health. </p>
'''Keywords''': [[Pancha-panchaka]], [[indriya]], [[manas]], [[sadvritta]], [[Adhyatma dravya guna samgraha]], mind, senses, soul, psychology, behaviour therapy, psycho pathology, psycho spiritual aspect, super sense, psychological trait.
== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
</div></div>
</div></div>
Now we shall expound the chapter "Indriyopakramaniya" (Disciplinary protocol for sense organs). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]
Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]
=== Systematic presentation of [[Indriya]]===
=== Systematic presentation of [[Indriya]]===
==== [[Indriya pancha-panchaka]] (Five pentads of sense organs)====
==== [[Indriya]] [[pancha-panchaka]] (Five pentads of sense organs)====
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There are five sense organs, five (types of) matters of sense organs, five (different) sites of sense organs, five sense objects and five (types of) sensory perceptions, thus said in the context of sense organs. [3]
There are five sense organs, five (types of) matters of sense organs, five (different) sites of sense organs, five sense objects and five (types of) sensory perceptions, thus said in the context of sense organs. [3]
=== Functions of [[Sattva]] and [[Mana]] as [[indriya]]===
=== Functions of [[Sattva]] and [[Mana]] as [[indriya]]===
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तद्ध्यनुतिष्ठन् युगपत् सम्पादयत्यर्थद्वयमारोग्यमिन्द्रियविजयं चेति; तत् सद्वृत्तमखिलेनोपदेक्ष्यामोऽग्निवेश !तद्यथा- देवगोब्राह्मणगुरुवृद्धसिद्धाचार्यानर्चयेत्, अग्निमुपचरेत्, ओषधीः प्रशस्ता धारयेत्, द्वौ कालावुपस्पृशेत्,मलायनेष्वभीक्ष्णं पादयोश्च वैमल्यमादध्यात्, त्रिःपक्षस्य केशश्मश्रुलोमनखान् संहारयेत्, नित्यमनुपहतवासाः सुमनाः सुगन्धिः स्यात्, साधुवेशः, प्रसिद्धकेशः , मूर्धश्रोत्रघ्राणपादतैलनित्यः, धूमपः, पूर्वाभिभाषी, सुमुखः, दुर्गेष्वभ्युपपत्ता, होता,यष्टा, दाता, चतुष्पथानां नमस्कर्ता, बलीनामुपहर्ता, अतिथीनां पूजकः, पितृभ्यः पिण्डदः, काले हितमितमधुरार्थवादी,वश्यात्मा, धर्मात्मा, हेतावीर्ष्युः, फले नेर्ष्युः, निश्चिन्तः, निर्भीकः, ह्रीमान्, धीमान्, महोत्साहः, दक्षः, क्षमावान्, धार्मिकः,आस्तिकः, विनयबुद्धिविद्याभिजनवयोवृद्धसिद्धाचार्याणामुपासिता , छत्री दण्डी मौली सोपानत्को युगमात्रदृग्विचरेत् ,मङ्गलाचारशीलः, कुचेलास्थिकण्टकामेध्यकेशतुषोत्करभस्मकपालस्नानबलिभूमीनां परिहर्ता, प्राक् श्रमाद् व्यायामवर्जीस्यात्, सर्वप्राणिषु बन्धुभूतः स्यात्, क्रुद्धानामनुनेता, भीतानामाश्वासयिता, दीनानामभ्युपपत्ता, सत्यसन्धः, सामप्रधानः ,परपरुषवचनसहिष्णुः, अमर्षघ्नः, प्रशमगुणदर्शी, रागद्वेषहेतूनां हन्ता च||१८||
तद्ध्यनुतिष्ठन् युगपत् सम्पादयत्यर्थद्वयमारोग्यमिन्द्रियविजयं चेति; तत् सद्वृत्तमखिलेनोपदेक्ष्यामोऽग्निवेश !तद्यथा-
देवगोब्राह्मणगुरुवृद्धसिद्धाचार्यानर्चयेत्,
अग्निमुपचरेत्,
ओषधीः प्रशस्ता धारयेत्,
द्वौ कालावुपस्पृशेत्,
मलायनेष्वभीक्ष्णं पादयोश्च वैमल्यमादध्यात्,
त्रिःपक्षस्य केशश्मश्रुलोमनखान् संहारयेत्,
नित्यमनुपहतवासाः सुमनाः सुगन्धिः स्यात्,
साधुवेशः, प्रसिद्धकेशः ,
मूर्धश्रोत्रघ्राणपादतैलनित्यः, धूमपः, पूर्वाभिभाषी, सुमुखः,
दुर्गेष्वभ्युपपत्ता, होता,यष्टा, दाता,
चतुष्पथानां नमस्कर्ता, बलीनामुपहर्ता,
अतिथीनां पूजकः, पितृभ्यः पिण्डदः,
काले हितमितमधुरार्थवादी,वश्यात्मा, धर्मात्मा,
हेतावीर्ष्युः, फले नेर्ष्युः,
निश्चिन्तः, निर्भीकः, ह्रीमान्, धीमान्, महोत्साहः, दक्षः, क्षमावान्,
धार्मिकः,आस्तिकः, विनयबुद्धिविद्याभिजनवयोवृद्धसिद्धाचार्याणामुपासिता ,
छत्री दण्डी मौली सोपानत्को युगमात्रदृग्विचरेत् ,
मङ्गलाचारशीलः,
कुचेलास्थिकण्टकामेध्यकेशतुषोत्करभस्मकपालस्नानबलिभूमीनां परिहर्ता,
प्राक् श्रमाद् व्यायामवर्जीस्यात्,
सर्वप्राणिषु बन्धुभूतः स्यात्,
क्रुद्धानामनुनेता, भीतानामाश्वासयिता, दीनानामभ्युपपत्ता,
सत्यसन्धः, सामप्रधानः ,
परपरुषवचनसहिष्णुः, अमर्षघ्नः,
प्रशमगुणदर्शी, रागद्वेषहेतूनां हन्ता च||१८||
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नानृतं ब्रूयात्, नान्यस्वमाददीत, नान्यस्त्रियमभिलषेन्नान्यश्रियं, न वैरं रोचयेत्, न कुर्यात् पापं, न पापेऽपि पापी स्यात्,नान्यदोषान् ब्रूयात्, नान्यरहस्यमागमयेन्, नाधार्मिकैर्न नरेन्द्रद्विष्टैः सहासीत नोन्मत्तैर्न पतितैर्न भ्रूणहन्तृभिर्न क्षुद्रैर्नदुष्टैः, न दुष्टयानान्यारोहेत, न जानुसमं कठिनमासनमध्यासीत, नानास्तीर्णमनुपहितमविशालमसमं वा शयनं प्रपद्येत,न गिरिविषममस्तकेष्वनुचरेत्, न द्रुममारोहेत्, न जलोग्रवेगमवगाहेत, न कुलच्छायामुपासीत , नाग्न्युत्पातमभितश्चरेत्,नोच्चैर्हसेत्, न शब्दवन्तं मारुतं मुञ्चेत्, नानावृतमुखो जृम्भां क्षवथुं हास्यं वा प्रवर्तयेत्, न नासिकां कुष्णीयात्, न दन्तान्विघट्टयेत्, न नखान् वादयेत्, नास्थीन्यभिहन्यात्, न भूमिं विलिखेत्, न छिन्द्यात्तृणं, न लोष्टं मृद्नीयात्, नविगुणमङ्गैश्चेष्टेत, ज्योतींष्यनिष्टममेध्यमशस्तं च नाभिवीक्षेत, न हुङ्कुर्याच्छवं , नचैत्यध्वजगुरुपूज्याशस्तच्छायामाक्रामेत्, न क्षपास्वमरसदनचैत्यचत्वरचतुष्पथोपवनश्मशानाघातनान्यासेवेत , नैकःशून्यगृहं न चाटवीमनुप्रविशेत्, न पापवृत्तान् स्त्रीमित्रभृत्यान् भजेत, नोत्तमैर्विरुध्येत, नावरानुपासीत, न जिह्मं रोचयेत्,नानार्यमाश्रयेत्, न भयमुत्पादयेत्, न साहसातिस्वप्नप्रजागरस्नानपानाशनान्यासेवेत, नोर्ध्वजानुश्चिरं तिष्ठेत्, नव्यालानुपसर्पेन्न दंष्ट्रिणो न विषाणिनः, पुरोवातातपावश्यायातिप्रवाताञ्जह्यात्, कलिं नारभेत, नासुनिभृतोऽग्निमुपासीत नोच्छिष्टः, नाधः कृत्वा प्रतापयेत्, नाविगतक्लमो नानाप्लुतवदनो न नग्न उपस्पृशेत्, न स्नानशाट्या स्पृशेदुत्तमाङ्गं, नकेशाग्राण्यभिहन्यात्, नोपस्पृश्य ते एव वाससी बिभृयात्, नास्पृष्ट्वा रत्नाज्यपूज्यमङ्गलसुमनसोऽभिनिष्क्रामेत्, नपूज्यमङ्गलान्यपसव्यं गच्छेन्नेतराण्यनुदक्षिणम्||१९||
नानृतं ब्रूयात्, नान्यस्वमाददीत,
नान्यस्त्रियमभिलषेन्नान्यश्रियं,
न वैरं रोचयेत्, न कुर्यात् पापं, न पापेऽपि पापी स्यात्,नान्यदोषान् ब्रूयात्, नान्यरहस्यमागमयेन्, नाधार्मिकैर्न नरेन्द्रद्विष्टैः सहासीत नोन्मत्तैर्न पतितैर्न भ्रूणहन्तृभिर्न क्षुद्रैर्नदुष्टैः, न दुष्टयानान्यारोहेत, न जानुसमं कठिनमासनमध्यासीत, नानास्तीर्णमनुपहितमविशालमसमं वा शयनं प्रपद्येत,न गिरिविषममस्तकेष्वनुचरेत्, न द्रुममारोहेत्, न जलोग्रवेगमवगाहेत, न कुलच्छायामुपासीत , नाग्न्युत्पातमभितश्चरेत्,नोच्चैर्हसेत्, न शब्दवन्तं मारुतं मुञ्चेत्, नानावृतमुखो जृम्भां क्षवथुं हास्यं वा प्रवर्तयेत्, न नासिकां कुष्णीयात्, न दन्तान्विघट्टयेत्, न नखान् वादयेत्, नास्थीन्यभिहन्यात्, न भूमिं विलिखेत्, न छिन्द्यात्तृणं, न लोष्टं मृद्नीयात्, नविगुणमङ्गैश्चेष्टेत, ज्योतींष्यनिष्टममेध्यमशस्तं च नाभिवीक्षेत, न हुङ्कुर्याच्छवं , नचैत्यध्वजगुरुपूज्याशस्तच्छायामाक्रामेत्, न क्षपास्वमरसदनचैत्यचत्वरचतुष्पथोपवनश्मशानाघातनान्यासेवेत , नैकःशून्यगृहं न चाटवीमनुप्रविशेत्, न पापवृत्तान् स्त्रीमित्रभृत्यान् भजेत, नोत्तमैर्विरुध्येत, नावरानुपासीत, न जिह्मं रोचयेत्,नानार्यमाश्रयेत्, न भयमुत्पादयेत्, न साहसातिस्वप्नप्रजागरस्नानपानाशनान्यासेवेत, नोर्ध्वजानुश्चिरं तिष्ठेत्, नव्यालानुपसर्पेन्न दंष्ट्रिणो न विषाणिनः, पुरोवातातपावश्यायातिप्रवाताञ्जह्यात्, कलिं नारभेत, नासुनिभृतोऽग्निमुपासीत नोच्छिष्टः, नाधः कृत्वा प्रतापयेत्, नाविगतक्लमो नानाप्लुतवदनो न नग्न उपस्पृशेत्, न स्नानशाट्या स्पृशेदुत्तमाङ्गं, नकेशाग्राण्यभिहन्यात्, नोपस्पृश्य ते एव वाससी बिभृयात्, नास्पृष्ट्वा रत्नाज्यपूज्यमङ्गलसुमनसोऽभिनिष्क्रामेत्, नपूज्यमङ्गलान्यपसव्यं गच्छेन्नेतराण्यनुदक्षिणम्||१९||
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* One should not indulge in any activity without properly examining it.
* One should not indulge in any activity without properly examining it.
* One should not be submissive to his senses nor should let his fickle mind move around.
* One should not be submissive to his senses nor should let his fickle mind move around.
* One should overburden his/her intellect or senses.
* One should not overburden his/her intellect or senses.
* One should avoid procrastinating.
* One should avoid procrastinating.
* One should not do things in a fit of anger or rejoicing.
* One should not do things in a fit of anger or rejoicing.
तत्र श्लोकाः-
तत्र श्लोकाः-
पञ्चपञ्चकमुद्दिष्टं मनो हेतुचतुष्टयम्|
पञ्चपञ्चकमुद्दिष्टं मनो हेतुचतुष्टयम्|
इन्द्रियोपक्रमेऽध्याये सद्वृत्तमखिलेन च||३०||
इन्द्रियोपक्रमेऽध्याये सद्वृत्तमखिलेन च||३०||
== [[Tattva Vimarsha]] (Fundamental Principles) ==
== [[Tattva Vimarsha]] (Fundamental Principles) ==
* The concept of [[pancha-panchaka]] depicts that each sense organ has its own predominant basic material constituent, site for perception, specific object, and specific perception. Thus behind every perceivable knowledge these five components are involved. [verse 3]
* The five pentads of sense organs (indriya [[pancha-panchaka]]) include sense organs, source material constituent, site, object, and specific perception. These five components are involved in every knowledge process.[verse 3]
* Mind is super-sensual having extra-ordinary capacity to transcend any sense organ. Mind is only one, though it can behave in different ways depending upon specific self constraint, object, and goal oriented activities. Only one object can be perceived at a time by association of mind. Mind has complete control over all senses. The sense organs cannot perceive knowledge without association of mind. The psychological trait is decided by predominance of [[sattva]], [[rajas]] and [[tamas]]. [verse 4-6]
* Mind is super-sensual having extra-ordinary capacity to transcend any sense organ. Mind is only one, though it can behave in different ways depending upon specific self constraint, object, and goal oriented activities. Only one object can be perceived at a time by association of mind. Mind has complete control over all senses. The sense organs cannot perceive knowledge without association of mind. The psychological trait is decided by predominance of [[sattva]], [[rajas]] and [[tamas]]. [verse 4-6]
* The momentary contact of sense organs with their objects in the system of [[pancha-panchaka]] leads to specific and definite perception and knowledge of that object. [verse 7-12]
* The momentary contact of sense organs with their objects in the system of [[pancha-panchaka]] leads to specific and definite perception and knowledge of that object. [verse 7-12]
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=== Future researches ===
=== Scope for further research ===
# There is much scope to study the effect of [[sadvritta]] in improving health of a diseased person in terms of reduction in severity, duration of treatment, and dose of medicines as well as prevention of various diseases.
# There is much scope to study the effect of [[sadvritta]] in improving health of a diseased person in terms of reduction in severity, duration of treatment, and dose of medicines as well as prevention of various diseases.
=== Related chapters===
=== Related chapters===
* [[Sharira Sthana]] Chapter 1 [[Katidhapurusha Sharira]]
* [[Sharira Sthana]] Chapter 1 [[Katidhapurusha Sharira]]
#Tripathi J.S.: Unified Dimensions of Ayurvedic Medicine. 1st ed. 2009, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan, New Delhi. 2009..
#Tripathi J.S.: Unified Dimensions of Ayurvedic Medicine. 1st ed. 2009, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan, New Delhi. 2009..
#Mallika KJ & Dwivedi RB – Charak-Swasthya Chatushka-biochemical changes – ritu sandhi. M.D.Thesis, Department of Basic Principles-2002 IPGT & RA, Jamnagar, Gujarat
#Mallika KJ & Dwivedi RB – Charak-Swasthya Chatushka-biochemical changes – ritu sandhi. M.D.Thesis, Department of Basic Principles-2002 IPGT & RA, Jamnagar, Gujarat
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