Changes

The alkali prepared from roots of ashvagandha (Withania somnifera Linn.) should be licked with honey and ghee. Alkali prepared stalk of feather of peacock, alkali of quills of fish, hair of shashvit, alkali of bones of  jandaka , chasha, or kurara, skin, bones and hooves of shringi, ekashapha, dvishapha etc. animals are burnt into ash separately and alkali is prepared. This powder administered with honey and ghee results in cure of kasa (cough), hikka (hiccups) and shwasa (dyspnoea).  

The alkali prepared from roots of ashvagandha (Withania somnifera Linn.) should be licked with honey and ghee. Alkali prepared stalk of feather of peacock, alkali of quills of fish, hair of shashvit, alkali of bones of  jandaka , chasha, or kurara, skin, bones and hooves of shringi, ekashapha, dvishapha etc. animals are burnt into ash separately and alkali is prepared. This powder administered with honey and ghee results in cure of kasa (cough), hikka (hiccups) and shwasa (dyspnoea).  

Above said kshara lehya (Alkaline linctus) clear the kapha in the obstructed respiratory tract and subsides the aggravated pranavayu. Hence the alkaline linctus should be given to purify the channels obstructed by kapha if there is no obstruction by kapha it should not be administered. (105-120)

Above said kshara lehya (Alkaline linctus) clear the kapha in the obstructed respiratory tract and subsides the aggravated pranavayu. Hence the alkaline linctus should be given to purify the channels obstructed by kapha if there is no obstruction by kapha it should not be administered. (105-120)

Guidelines for management of tamaka shwasa:

 

==== Guidelines for management of ''tamaka shwasa'' ====

 

कासिने च्छर्दनं दद्यात् स्वरभङ्गे च बुद्धिमान् |  

कासिने च्छर्दनं दद्यात् स्वरभङ्गे च बुद्धिमान् |  

वातश्लेष्महरैर्युक्तं तमके तु विरेचनम् ||१२१||  

वातश्लेष्महरैर्युक्तं तमके तु विरेचनम् ||१२१||  

An intelligent doctor in shwasa associated with cough and hoarseness of voice should be administered vamana and in tamaka shwasa virechana should be given with vata-kaphahara medicines.  

An intelligent doctor in shwasa associated with cough and hoarseness of voice should be administered vamana and in tamaka shwasa virechana should be given with vata-kaphahara medicines.  

If the path of flowing water is blocked the enhancing pressure of water breaks the dam similarly the path obstructed by kapha aggravates vata and causes harm, hence always the path of vayu should be cleaned by means of purification. (121-122)

If the path of flowing water is blocked the enhancing pressure of water breaks the dam similarly the path obstructed by kapha aggravates vata and causes harm, hence always the path of vayu should be cleaned by means of purification. (121-122)

Shatyadi churna:

 

==== ''Shatyadi churna'' ====

 

शटीचोरकजीवन्तीत्वङ्मुस्तं पुष्कराह्वयम् |  

शटीचोरकजीवन्तीत्वङ्मुस्तं पुष्कराह्वयम् |  

सुरसं तामलक्येला पिप्पल्यगुरु नागरम् ||१२३||  

सुरसं तामलक्येला पिप्पल्यगुरु नागरम् ||१२३||  

sarvathA tamake shvAse hikkAyAM ca prayojayet ||124||

sarvathA tamake shvAse hikkAyAM ca prayojayet ||124||

  An equal quantity of the fine powders of shati (Hedychium spicatum Buch Ham.), choraka (Angelica glauca Edgew), jivanti (Leptadenia reticulate W & A.), tvak (Cinnamomum zeylanica Breyn), musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn.), pushkara mula (Inula recimosa Hook f.), surasa (Ocimum sanctum Linn.), tamalaka (Phyllanthus urinaria Linn.), pippali (Piper longum Linn.), agaru (Aquilaria agollacha Roxb.), nagara (Zingiber officinale Roxb.), balaka (Vetiveria zizinioidis (Linn.) Nash.) is mixed with 8 parts of sugar should be kept and us in tamaka shwasa and hikka. (123-124)

  An equal quantity of the fine powders of shati (Hedychium spicatum Buch Ham.), choraka (Angelica glauca Edgew), jivanti (Leptadenia reticulate W & A.), tvak (Cinnamomum zeylanica Breyn), musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn.), pushkara mula (Inula recimosa Hook f.), surasa (Ocimum sanctum Linn.), tamalaka (Phyllanthus urinaria Linn.), pippali (Piper longum Linn.), agaru (Aquilaria agollacha Roxb.), nagara (Zingiber officinale Roxb.), balaka (Vetiveria zizinioidis (Linn.) Nash.) is mixed with 8 parts of sugar should be kept and us in tamaka shwasa and hikka. (123-124)

Muktadi churna:

 

==== ''Muktadi churna'' ====

 

मुक्ताप्रवालवैदूर्यशङ्खस्फटिकमञ्जनम् |  

मुक्ताप्रवालवैदूर्यशङ्खस्फटिकमञ्जनम् |  

ससारगन्धकाचार्कसूक्ष्मैलालवणद्वयम् [१] ||१२५||  

ससारगन्धकाचार्कसूक्ष्मैलालवणद्वयम् [१] ||१२५||  

malyaM [3] kaNDUmabhiShyandamarma caiva praNAshayet ||128||  

malyaM [3] kaNDUmabhiShyandamarma caiva praNAshayet ||128||  

iti muktAdyaM cUrNam |

iti muktAdyaM cUrNam |

Equal quantities of the bhasmas of mukta (pearls), pravala (coral), vaidurya (cat’s aye gem), shankha (conch), sphatika (crystal quartz), anjana (lead),  sasara (potent crystals of abovementioned drugs), gandhaka (sulpher), arka (Calotropis procera  (Ait) R Br.), sukshmaila (Elettaria cardomum Maton), lavana dvayam (sauvarchala and saindhava), Tamra (copper), ayas (iron), rajata (silver), saugandhika (variety of manikya -ruby), jatiphala (Myristica fragrans Houtt), seeds of shana, apamarga (Achyranthes aspera Linn. ) are given in the dose of one panitala (karsha-12gms) along with ghee and honey. The administration of this powder cures hikka, shwasa and kasa. On application in the form of anjana (collyrium) to eyes destroys timira (blindness), kacha(glaucoma), nilika, pushpaka, vision defects, itching of eyes, abhishyanda (conjunctivitis) and arma (pterigium).(125-128)

Equal quantities of the bhasmas of mukta (pearls), pravala (coral), vaidurya (cat’s aye gem), shankha (conch), sphatika (crystal quartz), anjana (lead),  sasara (potent crystals of abovementioned drugs), gandhaka (sulpher), arka (Calotropis procera  (Ait) R Br.), sukshmaila (Elettaria cardomum Maton), lavana dvayam (sauvarchala and saindhava), Tamra (copper), ayas (iron), rajata (silver), saugandhika (variety of manikya -ruby), jatiphala (Myristica fragrans Houtt), seeds of shana, apamarga (Achyranthes aspera Linn. ) are given in the dose of one panitala (karsha-12gms) along with ghee and honey. The administration of this powder cures hikka, shwasa and kasa. On application in the form of anjana (collyrium) to eyes destroys timira (blindness), kacha(glaucoma), nilika, pushpaka, vision defects, itching of eyes, abhishyanda (conjunctivitis) and arma (pterigium).(125-128)

शटीपुष्करमूलानां चूर्णमामलकस्य च |  

शटीपुष्करमूलानां चूर्णमामलकस्य च |  

मधुना संयुतं लेह्यं चूर्णं वा काललोहजम् ||१२९||  

मधुना संयुतं लेह्यं चूर्णं वा काललोहजम् ||१२९||  

The patient of hikka and shwasa having associated with complications like dryness of chest, throat, and palate or having dryness of body by nature should be administered medicated ghee preparations.  

The patient of hikka and shwasa having associated with complications like dryness of chest, throat, and palate or having dryness of body by nature should be administered medicated ghee preparations.  

Dashamuladi ghrita: Medicated ghee prepared from boiling dashamula kashaya, dadhimanda (supernatant part of curd), krishna (Piper nigrum Linn.), and sauvarchala (Variety of salt), yava kshara (alkali made of barley), vayastha (Bacopa monnieri), hingu (Ferula narthex Boiss), choraka (Angelica glauca Edgew), kayastha (Ocimum sanctum) are used internally in hikka and shwasa.(135-140)

Dashamuladi ghrita: Medicated ghee prepared from boiling dashamula kashaya, dadhimanda (supernatant part of curd), krishna (Piper nigrum Linn.), and sauvarchala (Variety of salt), yava kshara (alkali made of barley), vayastha (Bacopa monnieri), hingu (Ferula narthex Boiss), choraka (Angelica glauca Edgew), kayastha (Ocimum sanctum) are used internally in hikka and shwasa.(135-140)

Tejovatyadi ghee:

 

==== ''Tejovatyadi'' ghee ====

 

तेजोवत्यभया कुष्ठं पिप्पली कटुरोहिणी ||१४१||  

तेजोवत्यभया कुष्ठं पिप्पली कटुरोहिणी ||१४१||  

भूतीकं पौष्करं मूलं पलाशश्चित्रकः शटी |  

भूतीकं पौष्करं मूलं पलाशश्चित्रकः शटी |  

iti tejovatyAdighRutam |

iti tejovatyAdighRutam |

Tejovatyadi ghrita: Tejovati (Zanthoxylun armatum DC.), abhaya (Terminalia chebula Retz.), kushtha (Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke.), pippali (Piper longum Linn.), katukarohini (Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth), bhutika (Cymbopogon Citratus), paushkara mula (Inula recemosa Hook f.), palasha (Butea monosperma (Linn.) Kuntze.), chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), shati (Hedychium spicatium Buch Ham.), sauvarchala (variety of salt), tamalaki (Phyllanthus urinaria Linn.), saindhava (rock salt), bilva (Aegle marmelos  Corr.), talisa patra (Abies webbiana Lindle.), Jivanti (Leptadenia reticulate W & A.), each are taken in 1 karsha quantity and hingu (Ferula narthex Boiss.) in 1/4th quantity and ghee in 1 prastha quantity (4 parts) and ghee is prepared as per classics. This ghee should be taken as per ones strength to conquer hikka and shwasa. It is also effective in edema vataja arsha (haemorrhoids), grahani (digestive disorders), hritparshva ruja (pain in the cardiac region and flanks). (141-144)

Tejovatyadi ghrita: Tejovati (Zanthoxylun armatum DC.), abhaya (Terminalia chebula Retz.), kushtha (Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke.), pippali (Piper longum Linn.), katukarohini (Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth), bhutika (Cymbopogon Citratus), paushkara mula (Inula recemosa Hook f.), palasha (Butea monosperma (Linn.) Kuntze.), chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), shati (Hedychium spicatium Buch Ham.), sauvarchala (variety of salt), tamalaki (Phyllanthus urinaria Linn.), saindhava (rock salt), bilva (Aegle marmelos  Corr.), talisa patra (Abies webbiana Lindle.), Jivanti (Leptadenia reticulate W & A.), each are taken in 1 karsha quantity and hingu (Ferula narthex Boiss.) in 1/4th quantity and ghee in 1 prastha quantity (4 parts) and ghee is prepared as per classics. This ghee should be taken as per ones strength to conquer hikka and shwasa. It is also effective in edema vataja arsha (haemorrhoids), grahani (digestive disorders), hritparshva ruja (pain in the cardiac region and flanks). (141-144)

Manahshiladi ghee:

 

==== ''Manahshiladi'' ghee ====

 

मनःशिलासर्जरसलाक्षारजनिपद्मकैः |  

मनःशिलासर्जरसलाक्षारजनिपद्मकैः |  

मञ्जिष्ठैलैश्च कर्षांशैः प्रस्थः सिद्धो घृताद्धितः ||१४५||  

मञ्जिष्ठैलैश्च कर्षांशैः प्रस्थः सिद्धो घृताद्धितः ||१४५||  

Manashila (realgar), sarja rasa (exudate of Shorea robusta Gaertn.), laksha (Ficus lacor Buch Ham.), rajani (Curcuma longa Linn), padmaka (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.), manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia Linn.), alai (Haratala- yellow orpiment), are each taken in 1 karsha (12 gm) quantity and ghee in 1 prastha quantity and ghee is prepared in classical way. (145-146)

Manashila (realgar), sarja rasa (exudate of Shorea robusta Gaertn.), laksha (Ficus lacor Buch Ham.), rajani (Curcuma longa Linn), padmaka (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.), manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia Linn.), alai (Haratala- yellow orpiment), are each taken in 1 karsha (12 gm) quantity and ghee in 1 prastha quantity and ghee is prepared in classical way. (145-146)

Ghee prepared in jjvaniya gana drugs is licked with honey or trishna (maricha, pippali, shunthi) or  dadhika ghrita or vasa ghrita shuld be consumed in hikka andshwasa.  

Ghee prepared in jjvaniya gana drugs is licked with honey or trishna (maricha, pippali, shunthi) or  dadhika ghrita or vasa ghrita shuld be consumed in hikka andshwasa.  

General guidelines for prevention and management:

 

==== General guidelines for prevention and management ====

 

यत्किञ्चित् कफवातघ्नमुष्णं वातानुलोमनम् |  

यत्किञ्चित् कफवातघ्नमुष्णं वातानुलोमनम् |  

भेषजं पानमत्रं वा तद्धितं श्वासहिक्किने ||१४७||  

भेषजं पानमत्रं वा तद्धितं श्वासहिक्किने ||१४७||  

Brimhana (nourishment therapy) administered in hikka and shwasa and its complications make them curable. The shamana treatment (palliative therapy) prevents the complications. Karshana (depletion therapy) makes hikka and shwasa incurable.  

Brimhana (nourishment therapy) administered in hikka and shwasa and its complications make them curable. The shamana treatment (palliative therapy) prevents the complications. Karshana (depletion therapy) makes hikka and shwasa incurable.  

Hence shamana (palliative) and brimhana (nourishment) therapy should be done in hikka and shwasa with or without purification of the body. (147-150)

Hence shamana (palliative) and brimhana (nourishment) therapy should be done in hikka and shwasa with or without purification of the body. (147-150)

Summary:

 

==== Summary ====

 

तत्र श्लोकः-  

तत्र श्लोकः-  

दुर्जयत्वे समुत्पत्तौ क्रियैकत्वे च कारणम् |  

दुर्जयत्वे समुत्पत्तौ क्रियैकत्वे च कारणम् |  

ityagniveshakRute tantre carakapratisaMskRute~aprApte dRuDhabalasampUrite cikitsAsthAne hikkAshvAsacikitsitaM nAma saptadasho~adhyAyaH ||17||

ityagniveshakRute tantre carakapratisaMskRute~aprApte dRuDhabalasampUrite cikitsAsthAne hikkAshvAsacikitsitaM nAma saptadasho~adhyAyaH ||17||

In the chapter of hikka and shwasa the reason for explaining them together, their similarity in causes, treatment, the features and pathyas are explained. Thus in the treatise by agnivesha, redacted by Charaka and completed by Dridhabala, hikka shwasa Chikitsa named 17th chapter is concluded.

In the chapter of hikka and shwasa the reason for explaining them together, their similarity in causes, treatment, the features and pathyas are explained. Thus in the treatise by agnivesha, redacted by Charaka and completed by Dridhabala, hikka shwasa Chikitsa named 17th chapter is concluded.

Tattva Vimarsha

 

=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' ===

 

• Hikka and shwasa originate at the site of pitta (upper part of stomach). The nature of disease is mainly kapha and vata dominant. The aggravation leads to depletion of dhatus like rasa situated in heart.

• Hikka and shwasa originate at the site of pitta (upper part of stomach). The nature of disease is mainly kapha and vata dominant. The aggravation leads to depletion of dhatus like rasa situated in heart.

• The environmental pathogens like dust, pollens, smoke particles, improper diet and lifestyle regimen, and various other obstructions in channels carrying prana can cause the diseases.  

• The environmental pathogens like dust, pollens, smoke particles, improper diet and lifestyle regimen, and various other obstructions in channels carrying prana can cause the diseases.  

• Brimhana (nourishment therapy) administered in hikka and shwasa and its complications make them curable. The shamana treatment (palliative therapy) prevents the complications. Karshana (depletion therapy) makes hikka and shwasa incurable. Hence strong medicines and therapies leading to depletion of tissues should never be administered in hikka and shwasa patients.  

• Brimhana (nourishment therapy) administered in hikka and shwasa and its complications make them curable. The shamana treatment (palliative therapy) prevents the complications. Karshana (depletion therapy) makes hikka and shwasa incurable. Hence strong medicines and therapies leading to depletion of tissues should never be administered in hikka and shwasa patients.  

Vidhi Vimarsha

=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' ===

 

Hikka:

Hikka:

Continuous stimulation of diaphragm causes bouts of hiccups. Due to which the air is expelled out with loud sound (mahasabdha) and due to continuous diaphragmatic movement the patient is unable to eat (margam chaivannapananam runaddhy). Severe and prolonged hiccup may lead to exhaustion, fatigue, malnutrition, weight loss, dehydration and even death in the extreme situations.  

Continuous stimulation of diaphragm causes bouts of hiccups. Due to which the air is expelled out with loud sound (mahasabdha) and due to continuous diaphragmatic movement the patient is unable to eat (margam chaivannapananam runaddhy). Severe and prolonged hiccup may lead to exhaustion, fatigue, malnutrition, weight loss, dehydration and even death in the extreme situations.