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The term ‘hetu’ means a cause or etiological factor.  Understanding the cause of the disease is crucial for complete knowledge of pathogenesis and treatment. Eradication or removal of the cause is the primary treatment of any abnormal condition. It helps in the prevention and recurrence of diseases, too. (SAT-C.60)<ref>National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal by Ministry of AYUSH Available on http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/sat</ref>  The current healthcare system focuses on finding out a pathogenic micro-organism that causes diseases. Ayurveda, on the contrary, emphasizes the lacunae or defects in biological systems (kha -vaigunya) that occurred due to various reasons including, improper diet and lifestyle. The defense mechanism or immunity is vital to preserving health and prevent disease. The long-term exposure of weak causes or short-term exposure of potent causes can adversely affect the body channels. This gives a chance to the micro-organisms to overpower immunity, spread their toxins, and cause diseases. In the case of non-communicable diseases, the endogenous causes can cause damage. This article describes the etiology, various types of causes, and their importance in medical practice.

The term ‘hetu’ means a cause or etiological factor.  Understanding the cause of the disease is crucial for complete knowledge of pathogenesis and treatment. Eradication or removal of the cause is the primary treatment of any abnormal condition. It helps in the prevention and recurrence of diseases, too. (SAT-C.60)<ref>National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal by Ministry of AYUSH Available on http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/sat</ref>   

 

The current healthcare system focuses on finding out a pathogenic micro-organism that causes diseases. Ayurveda, on the contrary, emphasizes the lacunae or defects in biological systems (kha -vaigunya) that occurred due to various reasons including, improper diet and lifestyle. The defense mechanism or immunity is vital to preserving health and prevent disease. The long-term exposure of weak causes or short-term exposure of potent causes can adversely affect the body channels. This gives a chance to the micro-organisms to overpower immunity, spread their toxins, and cause diseases. In the case of non-communicable diseases, the endogenous causes can cause damage. This article describes the etiology, various types of causes, and their importance in medical practice.

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a) External causes (bahya hetu): External causes include alterations in diet, lifestyle, and seasonal influences.  

a) External causes (bahya hetu): External causes include alterations in diet, lifestyle, and seasonal influences.  

b) Internal causes (abhyantara hetu): Internal causes disequilibrium of functions of [[doṣha]], [[dhatu]], [[mala]], [[agni]] and [[indriya]].  

b) Internal causes (abhyantara hetu): Internal causes disequilibrium of functions of [[dosha]], [[dhatu]], [[mala]], [[agni]] and [[indriya]].  

'''III. As per the site of cause:'''  

'''III. As per the site of cause:'''  

==Contemporary approach and current researches ==

==Contemporary approach and current researches ==

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In the epidemiological literature, multiple definitions of causation are observed.<ref>M Parascandola, D L Weed, Causation in epidemiology, J Epidemiol Community Health 2001;55:905–912.</ref> Causes are conditions that play essential part in producing the occurrence of disease.<ref>Krieger N. Epidemiology and the web of causation: has anyone seen the spider? Soc Sci Med 1994;39:887–903<ref>  

In the epidemiological literature, multiple definitions of causation are observed.<ref>M Parascandola, D L Weed, Causation in epidemiology, J Epidemiol Community Health 2001;55:905–912.</ref> Causes are conditions that play essential part in producing the occurrence of disease.<ref>Krieger N. Epidemiology and the web of causation: has anyone seen the spider? Soc Sci Med 1994;39:887–903</ref>  

*'''Necessary causes:''' A necessary cause is a condition without which the effect cannot occur. For example, HIV infection is a necessary cause of AIDS.<ref>Charlton BG. Attribution of causation in epidemiology:chain or mosaic? J Clin Epidemiol 1996;49:105–7.</ref>  

*'''Necessary causes:''' A necessary cause is a condition without which the effect cannot occur. For example, HIV infection is a necessary cause of AIDS.<ref>Charlton BG. Attribution of causation in epidemiology:chain or mosaic? J Clin Epidemiol 1996;49:105–7.</ref>  

*'''Probabilistic cause:''' It increases the probability of its effect occurring.<ref>Olsen J. Causes and prevention. Scand J Soc Med 1991;19:1–6.</ref>  

*'''Probabilistic cause:''' It increases the probability of its effect occurring.<ref>Olsen J. Causes and prevention. Scand J Soc Med 1991;19:1–6.</ref>  

*'''Counterfactual cause:''' It makes a difference in the outcome (or the probability of the outcome) when present, compared with when it is absent, while all else is held constant.<ref>Maldonado G, Greenland, S. Estimating causal e Vects. [abstract]. Presented at the Society for Epidemiologic Research 31st Annual Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, June, 1998. Am J Epidemiol 1998;147:S80.</ref>  

*'''Counterfactual cause:''' It makes a difference in the outcome (or the probability of the outcome) when present, compared with when it is absent, while all else is held constant.<ref>Maldonado G, Greenland, S. Estimating causal e Vects. [abstract]. Presented at the Society for Epidemiologic Research 31st Annual Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, June, 1998. Am J Epidemiol 1998;147:S80.</ref>

== Hetu Kosha==

== Hetu Kosha==

2. Ashok Bhinshnoi (2018): Concept of Dukha hetavah in Brihattrayi w.s.r to Chittodvega(anxiety) and its management with Saraswatachoorna and diet and lifestyle modifications, Department of Basic principles, IPGT &RA, Jamnagar.

2. Ashok Bhinshnoi (2018): Concept of Dukha hetavah in Brihattrayi w.s.r to Chittodvega(anxiety) and its management with Saraswatachoorna and diet and lifestyle modifications, Department of Basic principles, IPGT &RA, Jamnagar.

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==References:==

==References:==