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=== Introduction ===

=== Introduction ===

Grahaṇīdoṣacikitsita is one of the most important chapters of this compendium because most of the diseases originate from disorders of digestion. This chapter is described after arśha roga (hemorrhoids) because pathophysiology of arśha influences agni and before pānduroga chikitsā adhyāya because grahaṇīroga influences pānduroga. The initial portion of this chapter discusses the details of the physiological process of digestion and metabolism in human body. Agni, being the fundamental factor in maintaining health and in producing diseases, has been described in detail.  The chapter begins with explanation of importance of normally functioning agni and then goes on to explain the various aspects of digestion, metabolism and tissue nourishment. Different theories of tissue nourishment as explained by the commentators play a crucial role in the entire process. The concept of upadhātu and dhātumala has also been dealt with. These descriptions are followed by the pathophysiology of grahaṇīdōṣha syndrome and its management. This chapter underscores that the knowledge of physiology is crucial in understanding the pathophysiology and therapeutics of a disease.

[[Grahani Chikitsa]] is one of the most important chapters of this compendium because most of the diseases originate from disorders of digestion. This chapter is described after ''arsha roga'' (hemorrhoids) because pathophysiology of ''arsha'' influences ''agni'' and before [[Panduroga Chikitsa]] because ''grahani roga'' influences ''panduroga''. The initial portion of this chapter discusses the details of the physiological process of digestion and metabolism in human body. Agni, being the fundamental factor in maintaining health and in producing diseases, has been described in detail.  The chapter begins with explanation of importance of normally functioning agni and then goes on to explain the various aspects of digestion, metabolism and tissue nourishment. Different theories of tissue nourishment as explained by the commentators play a crucial role in the entire process. The concept of upadhātu and dhātumala has also been dealt with. These descriptions are followed by the pathophysiology of grahaṇīdōṣha syndrome and its management. This chapter underscores that the knowledge of physiology is crucial in understanding the pathophysiology and therapeutics of a disease.

Protection of agni is very essential in treatment of all diseases. (Chakrapani  Ca.Ci.14/244-246 )Arśha, atisāra and grahaṇīdōṣha are said to be paraspara hetu which means one disease becomes cause for another disease(Ca.Ci.14/244) e.g. in patients with chronic colitis, intestinal polyps are seen, in patients suffering from diarrhea colitis is observed. Therefore, one finds interrelation between these disorders and as explained earlier, special precaution should be taken with respect to agni bala.  

Protection of agni is very essential in treatment of all diseases. (Chakrapani  Ca.Ci.14/244-246 )Arśha, atisāra and grahaṇīdōṣha are said to be paraspara hetu which means one disease becomes cause for another disease(Ca.Ci.14/244) e.g. in patients with chronic colitis, intestinal polyps are seen, in patients suffering from diarrhea colitis is observed. Therefore, one finds interrelation between these disorders and as explained earlier, special precaution should be taken with respect to agni bala.  

Ceratain drugs like chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica), pippalī (Piper longum), pippalīmula (root of Piper longum), shunthi (Zingiber officinale), nāgkesar, haridrā, danti, duralabhā, haritaki etc have been used in combinations with other drugs for the treatment of arśha considering the concept of agnibala vriddhi and vāta anulomanaṁ (fascilitating passage of vata) and the same drugs have been used in grahani chikitsā with the same concept. Caraka explains that all the above three diseases are caused by agnimāndya and if increase in agni is done then relief in the disease takes place. (Chakrapani  Ca.Ci.14/244-246)

Ceratain drugs like chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica), pippalī (Piper longum), pippalīmula (root of Piper longum), shunthi (Zingiber officinale), nāgkesar, haridrā, danti, duralabhā, haritaki etc have been used in combinations with other drugs for the treatment of arśha considering the concept of agnibala vriddhi and vāta anulomanaṁ (fascilitating passage of vata) and the same drugs have been used in grahani chikitsā with the same concept. Caraka explains that all the above three diseases are caused by agnimāndya and if increase in agni is done then relief in the disease takes place. (Chakrapani  Ca.Ci.14/244-246)

Grahaṇī is prime place where digestion and absorption of ahara rasa takes place. Āhara rasa provides nutrition for the rasādi sapta dhātu, along-with three sharirik dōṣha and three manasik dōṣha. Nourishment of satva, raja and tama is influenced by sātvika, rājasik and tāmasik ahāra. Tāmasika and rājasik ahāra suppresses satva guna thereby causing alpa satva in individual, a common predisposing factor of psychiatric disorders for e.g. alpa satva as mentioned in unmāda (Ca. Ci. 9/5)In vātaja grahaṇīvyādhishankā (feeling of suffering from disease) manifests in patients with alpa satva.  

Grahaṇī is prime place where digestion and absorption of ahara rasa takes place. Āhara rasa provides nutrition for the rasādi sapta dhātu, along-with three sharirik dōṣha and three manasik dōṣha. Nourishment of satva, raja and tama is influenced by sātvika, rājasik and tāmasik ahāra. Tāmasika and rājasik ahāra suppresses satva guna thereby causing alpa satva in individual, a common predisposing factor of psychiatric disorders for e.g. alpa satva as mentioned in unmāda (Ca. Ci. 9/5)In vātaja grahaṇīvyādhishankā (feeling of suffering from disease) manifests in patients with alpa satva.  

Homeostasis at cellular level and gross level is maintained by vāta, pitta and kapha in which digestive and metabolic contributions are due to agni.  This chapter has been dedicated to agni to understand the manner in which it gets vitiated by doṣha and accordingly the line of treatment for the agni dōṣha is explained. As the functions of agni take place in grahaṇī hence disease related to grahaṇī has been given the name.

Homeostasis at cellular level and gross level is maintained by vāta, pitta and kapha in which digestive and metabolic contributions are due to agni.  This chapter has been dedicated to agni to understand the manner in which it gets vitiated by doṣha and accordingly the line of treatment for the agni dōṣha is explained. As the functions of agni take place in grahaṇī hence disease related to grahaṇī has been given the name.

Secondly, pāndu roga is due to alpatā of raktaposhaka sāra bhāga (Chakrapani Ca. Ci. 16/3-7)  and, one of the main causes of this alpatā is mal-digestion and mal-absorption which takes place in grahaṇī. It is well known fact, that various contributory factors for blood formation have their absorption in gastrointestinal tract such as folic acid, vitamin B12, iron, etc which if not absorbed causes anemia this is the reason why Caraka has placed this chapter in between arśha and pāndu roga.  

Secondly, pāndu roga is due to alpatā of raktaposhaka sāra bhāga (Chakrapani Ca. Ci. 16/3-7)  and, one of the main causes of this alpatā is mal-digestion and mal-absorption which takes place in grahaṇī. It is well known fact, that various contributory factors for blood formation have their absorption in gastrointestinal tract such as folic acid, vitamin B12, iron, etc which if not absorbed causes anemia this is the reason why Caraka has placed this chapter in between arśha and pāndu roga.

===Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation===

===Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation===