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=== Abstract ===

=== Abstract ===

Vrana (ulcers) are of two types, nija vrana (endogenous ulcers) and agantuka vrana (exogenous ulcers).This classification is based on etiology and mode of treatments. Endogenous ulcers are caused by vitiation of vatadi dosha from initial stage while exogenous ulcers are caused initially by various types of trauma and later dosha vitiation occurs. Complications of ulcers like visarpa (erysipelas), sirastambha (constricted vessels), jwara (fever) etc have been described. Importance of bloodletting is described during the stage of vrana shopha (i.e.inflammatory phase), alleviation of impure blood from body reduces toxic chemicals and pacifies dosha. Description of fracture, its complications and management is elaborated. Dahakarma (cauterization) causes constriction of blood vessels to prevent bleeding from ulcer. Aplication of alkaline substances (kshara) on ulcer can be done along with surgical intervention and cauterization. Prognosis of ulcer can be described on the basis of type of ulcer and its various locations.  

''Vrana'' (ulcers) are of two types, ''nija vrana'' (endogenous ulcers) and ''agantuka vrana'' (exogenous ulcers). This classification is based on etiology and mode of treatments. Endogenous ulcers are caused by vitiation of ''vatadi dosha'' from initial stage while exogenous ulcers are caused initially by various types of trauma and later ''dosha'' vitiation occurs. Complications of ulcers like ''visarpa'' (erysipelas), ''sirastambha'' (constricted vessels), ''jwara'' (fever) etc. have been described. Importance of bloodletting is described during the stage of ''vrana shopha'' (i.e.inflammatory phase), alleviation of impure blood from body reduces toxic chemicals and pacifies dosha. Description of fracture, its complications and management is elaborated. ''Dahakarma'' (cauterization) causes constriction of blood vessels to prevent bleeding from ulcer. Application of alkaline substances (''kshara'') on ulcer can be done along with surgical intervention and cauterization. Prognosis of ulcer can be described on the basis of type of ulcer and its various locations.  

'''Keywords''': Vrana (ulcer), trividha pariksha, bloodletting, dahakarma (cauterization), shodhanakarma (cleansing of ulcer), ropankarma (healing of ulcer), wound management, non healing ulcers.

'''Keywords''': ''Vrana'' (ulcer), ''trividha pariksha,'' bloodletting, ''dahakarma'' (cauterization), ''shodhanakarma'' (cleansing of ulcer), ''ropankarma'' (healing of ulcer), wound management, non healing ulcers.

=== Introduction ===

=== Introduction ===