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|keywords=Dhamargava, Vamana, Luffa cylindrica, Gara visha, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.

|keywords=Dhamargava, Vamana, Luffa cylindrica, Gara visha, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.

|description=Kalpa Sthana Chapter 4.Pharmaceutical preparations of Dhamargava

|description=Kalpa Sthana Chapter 4.Pharmaceutical preparations of Dhamargava

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<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

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This chapter describes the use of ''dhamargava'' (Luffa cylindrica) for the purpose of inducing ''vamana'' (emesis). For this, its tender leaves, fruits and flowers are used. Total 60 preparations by using different medium like milk, juice of cow dung, horse dung, ghee, alcohol and decoction of various drugs like ''dhanyaka, tumburu'' etc. In this reference ''vati'' (pill) is prepared of the size of ''kola'' (jujuba). In one preparation emesis is induced after inhaling the powdered fruit sprinkled over the flower of water lily etc. ''Dhamargava'' is used to treat ''gara visha'' (poisoning), ''gulma''(Lump in abdomen), ''udara roga'' ( swellings in abdomen including ascitis), ''kasa'' (cough), ''mano vikara'' (mental disorders) and various chronic and deep seated diseases.

This chapter describes the use of ''dhamargava'' (Luffa cylindrica) for the purpose of inducing [[vamana]] (emesis). For this, its tender leaves, fruits and flowers are used. Total 60 preparations by using different medium like milk, juice of cow dung, horse dung, ghee, alcohol and decoction of various drugs like ''dhanyaka, tumburu'' etc. In this reference ''vati'' (pill) is prepared of the size of ''kola'' (jujuba). In one preparation emesis is induced after inhaling the powdered fruit sprinkled over the flower of water lily etc. ''Dhamargava'' is used to treat ''gara visha'' (poisoning), ''gulma''(Lump in abdomen), ''udara roga'' ( swellings in abdomen including ascitis), ''kasa'' (cough), ''mano vikara'' (mental disorders) and various chronic and deep seated diseases.

'''Keywords''': ''Dhamargava, Vamana,'' Luffa cylindrica, ''Gara visha''.

'''Keywords''': Dhamargava, [[Vamana]], Luffa cylindrica, ''Gara visha''.

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== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

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''Dhamargava'' is a ''vamaka'' (emetic) drug. Its synonyms are ''karkotaki, kothaphala, mahajalini'' and ''rajakoshataki''. Its tender leaves, flowers and fruits are used for inducing ''vamana'' (emesis). Two types of ''dhamargava'' are found one is ''tikta'' (bitter) and other ''madhura'' (sweet). ''Tikta'' variety is wild and used as ''aushadha'' (medicine). ''Madhura'' variety is used as ''shaka'' (vegetable).<ref> Dravyaguna- Vigyana, Vol.II, written by Prof. P.V. Sharma, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, Reprint 1998, 382.</ref>Predominant ''mahabhuta'' in ''vamaka'' drugs are ''agni'' and ''vayu''. By its ''ubhaytobhagahara'' (upper and lower) ''prabhava'' it is ''vamaka'' in nature.

''Dhamargava'' is a ''vamaka'' (emetic) drug. Its synonyms are ''karkotaki, kothaphala, mahajalini'' and ''rajakoshataki''. Its tender leaves, flowers and fruits are used for inducing [[vamana]] (emesis). Two types of ''dhamargava'' are found one is ''tikta'' (bitter) and other ''madhura'' (sweet). ''Tikta'' variety is wild and used as ''aushadha'' (medicine). ''Madhura'' variety is used as ''shaka'' (vegetable).<ref> Dravyaguna- Vigyana, Vol.II, written by Prof. P.V. Sharma, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, Reprint 1998, 382.</ref>Predominant ''mahabhuta'' in ''vamaka'' drugs are ''agni'' and ''vayu''. By its ''ubhaytobhagahara'' (upper and lower) ''prabhava'' it is ''vamaka'' in nature.

''Dhamargava'' is one of nineteen ''phalini dravyas''. [Cha. Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/82] It is used in ''vamana'' and ''asthapana basti''.[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/85] It is also explained in ''vamaka dravyas''.[Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 2/7]. It is used as drug of ''pakvashaya shodhana basti''. [Cha. Sa. [[Sidhi Sthana]] 10/25-27]

''Dhamargava'' is one of nineteen ''phalini dravyas''. [Cha. Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/82] It is used in [[vamana]] and asthapana [[basti]].[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/85] It is also explained in ''vamaka dravyas''.[Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 2/7]. It is used as drug of pakvashaya shodhana [[basti]]. [Cha. Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana]] 10/25-27]

Rishi Gautam gives his opinion that ''dhamargava'' is best drug because of its ''kapha-pitta nashaka'' property.[Cha. Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana]] 11/7]. According to Maharshi Atreya fruit of ''dhamargava'' is best for ''pandu'' (anemia) roga.[Cha. Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana]] 11/12]  

Rishi Gautam gives his opinion that ''dhamargava'' is best drug because of its [[kapha]]-[[pitta]] nashaka'' property.[Cha. Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana]] 11/7]. According to Maharshi Atreya fruit of ''dhamargava'' is best for ''pandu'' (anemia) roga.[Cha. Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana]] 11/12]  

'''Latin name''': Luffa cylindrica (Linn.) M.J. Roem.  

'''Latin name''': Luffa cylindrica (Linn.) M.J. Roem.  

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It should be used in conditions of ''gara'' (artificial poison), ''gulma, udara'' (GIT problems), ''kasa'' (cough), ''vata'' situated in the seat of ''kapha, kapha'' located in throat and mouth, diseases caused by accumulation of ''kapha'' and other stable and severe diseases.[4]

It should be used in conditions of ''gara'' (artificial poison), ''gulma, udara'' (GIT problems), ''kasa'' (cough), [[vata]] situated in the seat of [[kapha]], [[kapha]] located in throat and mouth, diseases caused by accumulation of [[kapha]] and other stable and severe diseases.[4]

Fruits, flowers and tender leaves of the plant should be collected by the method said earlier. [5]

Fruits, flowers and tender leaves of the plant should be collected by the method said earlier. [5]

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Now, I would say the preparations of over ripened and dry fruits. The meshy /fibrous fruit core containing seeds should be taken out and the fruit should be stuffed with jiggery for the whole night. Next morning it should be given with the decoction of ''madhuka'' or any one of the ''kovidaradi'' drugs in the ailments like ''gulma, udara'' and the disorders of ''kapha''.[7-8]

Now, I would say the preparations of over ripened and dry fruits. The meshy /fibrous fruit core containing seeds should be taken out and the fruit should be stuffed with jiggery for the whole night. Next morning it should be given with the decoction of ''madhuka'' or any one of the ''kovidaradi'' drugs in the ailments like ''gulma, udara'' and the disorders of [[kapha]].[7-8]

The fruit should be given mixed with food to alleviate vomiting and heart disease. [9]

The fruit should be given mixed with food to alleviate vomiting and heart disease. [9]

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''Jivaka'' (Microstylis musifera Ridley), ''rishabhaka'' (Microstylis wallichii Linn.), ''vira'' (Vetiveria zizanioides Linn.), ''atmagupta'' (Mucuna prurita Hook.), ''shatavari'' (Asparagus racemosus Wild.), ''kakoli'' (Roscoca procera Wall.), ''shravani'' (Sphaeranthus indicus Linn.), ''meda'' (Polygonatum airrhifolium Royle), ''mahameda'' (Polygonatum airrhifolium Royle and other species)  and ''madhulika'' (''jala mulethi, murva'') each powdered separately and mixed with ''dhamargava'' is taken with sugar and honey as linctus in case of heart burning and cough. ''Kapha'' associated with aggravated ''pitta'' it should be taken with lukewarm water.[13-14]

''Jivaka'' (Microstylis musifera Ridley), ''rishabhaka'' (Microstylis wallichii Linn.), ''vira'' (Vetiveria zizanioides Linn.), ''atmagupta'' (Mucuna prurita Hook.), ''shatavari'' (Asparagus racemosus Wild.), ''kakoli'' (Roscoca procera Wall.), ''shravani'' (Sphaeranthus indicus Linn.), ''meda'' (Polygonatum airrhifolium Royle), ''mahameda'' (Polygonatum airrhifolium Royle and other species)  and ''madhulika'' (''jala mulethi, murva'') each powdered separately and mixed with ''dhamargava'' is taken with sugar and honey as linctus in case of heart burning and cough. [[Kapha]] associated with aggravated ''pitta'' it should be taken with lukewarm water.[13-14]

Paste of ''dhamargava'' taken with the soup of the seeds of ''dhanyaka'' (Coriandrum sativum Linn. Tumburu (Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb.) alleviates all poisons. [15]

Paste of ''dhamargava'' taken with the soup of the seeds of ''dhanyaka'' (Coriandrum sativum Linn. Tumburu (Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb.) alleviates all poisons. [15]

== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==

== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==

Punarvasu Atreya has expounded the use of ''dhamargava'' for inducing ''vamana'' (emesis), because it has properties similar to that of ''vamaka dravyas'' with predominance of ''agni'' and ''vayu mahabhuta''. These ''mahabhutas'' have property to move upwards, to remove ''doshas'' easily from mouth.

Punarvasu Atreya has expounded the use of ''dhamargava'' for inducing [[vamana]](emesis), because it has properties similar to that of ''vamaka dravyas'' with predominance of [[agni]] and [[vayu]] [[mahabhuta]]. These [[mahabhuta]] have property to move upwards, to remove [[dosha]] easily from mouth.

''Dhamargava'' has ''tikta rasa'', ''laghu, ruksha, tikshna guna'', ''ushna veerya'' and ''katu vipaka'' - all these properties are helpful in removing the ''kapha''. It has ''ruksha'' and ''tikshna guna'', which are the properties of ''vayu'' and ''agni mahabhuta''. It has ''katu vipaka'' and ''ushna veerya'' which increases the ''pitta'' i.e. ''agni mahabhuta''. The ''ubhaytobhagahara'' (emetic and purgative) action of ''dhamargava'' is due to its ''prabhava''. Looking at the above facts ''dharmargava'' should be considered as a drug of choice for ''shodhana'' in ''kapha vyadhis''. This potency is found in its tender leaves, flowers and fruits so these are used for inducing ''vamana''. Total sixty preparations are made using different medium to potentiate the effect of drug by considering ''dushyadi'' factors.

''Dhamargava'' has ''tikta rasa'', ''laghu, ruksha, tikshna [[guna]], ''ushna veerya'' and ''katu vipaka'' - all these properties are helpful in removing the [[kapha]]. It has ''ruksha'' and tikshna [[guna]], which are the properties of [[vayu]] and [[agni]] [[mahabhuta]]. It has ''katu vipaka'' and ''ushna veerya'' which increases the [[pitta]] i.e. [[agni]] [[mahabhuta]]. The ''ubhaytobhagahara'' (emetic and purgative) action of ''dhamargava'' is due to its ''prabhava''. Looking at the above facts ''dharmargava'' should be considered as a drug of choice for ''shodhana'' in [[kapha]] vyadhis. This potency is found in its tender leaves, flowers and fruits so these are used for inducing [[vamana]]. Total sixty preparations are made using different medium to potentiate the effect of drug by considering ''dushyadi'' factors.

=== Pharmacological actions ===

=== Pharmacological actions ===

Pluck the flower of ''pundarika'' (sacred lotus), ''nalada'' (''khaskhas'' grass variety of lotus Nymphaea alba Linn.) and ''kumuda'' (Indian red water lily) and sprinkle it with fine powder prepared out of ''dhamargava'' fruit. After dusting the flower with powder of ''dhamargava'' give to the patient to inhale the smell. A mixture of this sort will go quickly to the heart (i.e. the sensory feeling area of the brain) and its veins when smelt. Patient should smell it repeatedly this process hastens the emesis. It is by such a formulation alone (''anenaiva kalpana'') that a person vomits out comfortably.[ Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 4/11]

Pluck the flower of ''pundarika'' (sacred lotus), ''nalada'' (''khaskhas'' grass variety of lotus Nymphaea alba Linn.) and ''kumuda'' (Indian red water lily) and sprinkle it with fine powder prepared out of ''dhamargava'' fruit. After dusting the flower with powder of ''dhamargava'' give to the patient to inhale the smell. A mixture of this sort will go quickly to the heart (i.e. the sensory feeling area of the brain) and its veins when smelt. Patient should smell it repeatedly this process hastens the emesis. It is by such a formulation alone (''anenaiva kalpana'') that a person vomits out comfortably.[ Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 4/11]

== References ==

== References ==