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'''Somatic constitution'''
 
'''Somatic constitution'''
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<p style="text-align:justify;">The Sanskrit word ‘Prakriti’ denotes "nature". It’s the "natural tendency" of a person's constitution. [[Ayurveda]] system defined ‘deha prakriti’ as the somatic constitution (Code:VA-2888).<ref>National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal by Ministry of AYUSH Available on http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/Ayurveda</ref> It makes each person unique in terms of anatomical, physiological, and psychological characteristics. It is determined not just by an individual's genetic composition received from parents. But additional elements(epigenetic factors) also play significant role. These factors are dietary and lifestyle habits of the mother during pregnancy (matu aahara-vihara), time scale(kala), health status of uterus(garbhashaya), and  basic elements([[mahabhuta]] vikara).
The Sanskrit word ‘Prakriti’ denotes "nature". It’s the "natural tendency" of a person's constitution. [[Ayurveda]] system defined ‘deha prakriti’ as the somatic constitution (Code:VA-2888).<ref>National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal by Ministry of AYUSH Available on http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/Ayurveda</ref> It makes each person unique in terms of anatomical, physiological, and psychological characteristics. It is determined not just by an individual's genetic composition received from parents. But additional elements(epigenetic factors) also play significant role. These factors are dietary and lifestyle habits of the mother during pregnancy (matu aahara-vihara), time scale(kala), health status of uterus(garbhashaya), and  basic elements([[mahabhuta]] vikara).
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In [[Ayurveda]], people are classified based on the presence of three elements known as "[[dosha]]." These are biological, functional units that help to understand both normalcy ([[prakriti]]) and abnormalities (vikriti) in an individual. The three [[dosha]] are [[vata]], the source of kinetic or movements; [[pitta]] represents the body's metabolism and transformation; and [[kapha]] as a source of potential energy represents the body's growth and maintenance.<ref name=Prasher>Prasher B, Aggarwal S, Mandal AK, Sethi TP, Deshmukh SR, Purohit SG, Sengupta S, Khanna S, et al. Whole genome expression and biochemical correlates of extreme constitutional types defined in Ayurveda. J. Transl. Med.2008:6. 1–12.</ref> These physiological principles are closely related to the phenotype of an individual. This article describes the concept and practical utility of deha prakriti (somatic constitution) in healthcare.  </p>
In [[Ayurveda]], people are classified based on the presence of three elements known as "[[dosha]]." These are biological, functional units that help to understand both normalcy ([[prakriti]]) and abnormalities (vikriti) in an individual. The three [[dosha]] are [[vata]], the source of kinetic or movements; [[pitta]] represents the body's metabolism and transformation; and [[kapha]] as a source of potential energy represents the body's growth and maintenance.<ref name=Prasher>Prasher B, Aggarwal S, Mandal AK, Sethi TP, Deshmukh SR, Purohit SG, Sengupta S, Khanna S, et al. Whole genome expression and biochemical correlates of extreme constitutional types defined in Ayurveda. J. Transl. Med.2008:6. 1–12.</ref> These physiological principles are closely related to the phenotype of an individual. This article describes the concept and practical utility of deha prakriti (somatic constitution) in healthcare.   
      
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Age, sex, and ethnicity (to some extent) are used as universal variables in modern medical research (control groups). However, these group results cannot be extended to the entire human population because each of these groups has a varied level of illness susceptibility and medication response. Prakriti displays itself in all ethnic groups, hence ethnic groups aren't required for research. It has an impact on an individual's entire life span by linking their nature to environmental factors such as their lifestyle and diet. Prakriti is an example of a strategy that can be used uniformly across the entire population to divide a stratified population into manageable subgroups (rather than hundreds of ethnic groupings). Future research may employ prakriti-based grouping.
 
Age, sex, and ethnicity (to some extent) are used as universal variables in modern medical research (control groups). However, these group results cannot be extended to the entire human population because each of these groups has a varied level of illness susceptibility and medication response. Prakriti displays itself in all ethnic groups, hence ethnic groups aren't required for research. It has an impact on an individual's entire life span by linking their nature to environmental factors such as their lifestyle and diet. Prakriti is an example of a strategy that can be used uniformly across the entire population to divide a stratified population into manageable subgroups (rather than hundreds of ethnic groupings). Future research may employ prakriti-based grouping.
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=== Current research ===
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A study on 150 healthy individuals showed that the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is more in [[kapha]] [[prakriti]], moderate in [[pitta]] [[prakriti]] and least in [[vata]] [[prakriti]] individuals.<ref>Nandvadekar V, Binorkar SV. Intelligence quotient and concept of Deha-Mānasa Prakṛti in Ayurveda. Ancient Sci Life [serial online] 2016 [cited 2022 Aug 29];35:201-6. Available from: https://www.ancientscienceoflife.org/text.asp?2016/35/4/201/188184</ref>
      
==Future area of research==
 
==Future area of research==
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There is a close link between [[vata]]-[[kapha]] and [[kapha]] prakriti and risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia), insulin resistance, and immune markers.<ref>Mahalle NP, Kulkarni MV, Pendse NM, Naik SS. Association of constitutional type of Ayurveda with cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory markers and insulin resistance. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2012;3:150-7.</ref>There is a very strong link between prakriti (Kapha/KaphaPittaja) and type 2 diabetes.<ref>Gupta A, Ali A, Tewari P, Agrawal NK, Patel R, Byadgi PS. Association of Kaphaja and Kapha Pittaja Prakriti and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T allele with type 2 diabetes. Ayu2018;39:146-50.</ref>
 
There is a close link between [[vata]]-[[kapha]] and [[kapha]] prakriti and risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia), insulin resistance, and immune markers.<ref>Mahalle NP, Kulkarni MV, Pendse NM, Naik SS. Association of constitutional type of Ayurveda with cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory markers and insulin resistance. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2012;3:150-7.</ref>There is a very strong link between prakriti (Kapha/KaphaPittaja) and type 2 diabetes.<ref>Gupta A, Ali A, Tewari P, Agrawal NK, Patel R, Byadgi PS. Association of Kaphaja and Kapha Pittaja Prakriti and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T allele with type 2 diabetes. Ayu2018;39:146-50.</ref>
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=== Intelligence Quotient and deha prakriti ===
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A study on 150 healthy individuals showed that the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is more in [[kapha]] [[prakriti]], moderate in [[pitta]] [[prakriti]] and least in [[vata]] [[prakriti]] individuals.<ref>Nandvadekar V, Binorkar SV. Intelligence quotient and concept of Deha-Mānasa Prakṛti in Ayurveda. Ancient Sci Life [serial online] 2016 [cited 2022 Aug 29];35:201-6. Available from: https://www.ancientscienceoflife.org/text.asp?2016/35/4/201/188184</ref>
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