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|title=Deha prakriti

|title=Deha prakriti

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|keywords=Deha prakriti,Deha prakriti meaning,Deha prakriti in ayurveda,Deha prakriti defination,Charak Samhita

|keywords=Deha prakriti, Deha prakriti meaning, Deha prakriti in ayurveda, Deha prakriti definition, Charak Samhita, prakriti, physical constitution, somatic types, personified medicine, dosha prakriti, dosha specific prakriti, Ayurveda, Indian systems of medicines.

|description=constitution of human being based on dosha dominance

|description=constitution of human being based on dosha dominance

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>

<p style="text-align:justify;">The Sanskrit word ‘Prakriti’ denotes "nature". It’s the "natural tendency" of a person's constitution. [[Ayurveda]] system defined ‘deha prakriti’ as the somatic constitution (Code:VA-2888).<ref>National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal by Ministry of AYUSH Available on http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/Ayurveda</ref> It makes each person unique in terms of anatomical, physiological, and psychological characteristics. It is determined not just by an individual's genetic composition received from parents. But additional elements(epigenetic factors) also play significant role. These factors are dietary and lifestyle habits of the mother during pregnancy (matu aahara-vihara), time scale(kala), health status of uterus(garbhashaya), and  basic elements([[mahabhuta]] vikara).

The Sanskrit word ‘Prakriti’ denotes "nature". It’s the "natural tendency" of a person's constitution. [[Ayurveda]] system defined ‘deha prakriti’ as the somatic constitution (Code:VA-2888).<ref>National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal by Ministry of AYUSH Available on http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/Ayurveda</ref> It makes each person unique in terms of anatomical, physiological, and psychological characteristics. It is determined not just by an individual's genetic composition received from parents. But additional elements(epigenetic factors) also play significant role. These factors are dietary and lifestyle habits of the mother during pregnancy (matuaahara-vihara), time scale(kala), health status of uterus(garbhashaya), and  basic elements(mahabhutavikara).

 

In [[Ayurveda]], people are classified based on the presence of three elements known as "[[dosha]]." These are biological, functional units that help to understand both normalcy ([[prakriti]]) and abnormalities (vikriti) in an individual. The three [[dosha]] are [[vata]], the source of kinetic or movements; [[pitta]] represents the body's metabolism and transformation; and [[kapha]] as a source of potential energy represents the body's growth and maintenance.<ref name=Prasher>Prasher B, Aggarwal S, Mandal AK, Sethi TP, Deshmukh SR, Purohit SG, Sengupta S, Khanna S, et al. Whole genome expression and biochemical correlates of extreme constitutional types defined in Ayurveda. J. Transl. Med.2008:6. 1–12.</ref> These physiological principles are closely related to the phenotype of an individual. This article describes the concept and practical utility of deha prakriti (somatic constitution) in healthcare.  </p>

In [[Ayurveda]], people are classified based on the presence of three elements known as "[[dosha]]." These are biological, functional units that help to understand both normalcy ([[prakriti]]) and abnormalities (vikriti) in an individual. The three [[dosha]] are [[vata]], the source of kinetic or movements; [[pitta]] represents the body's metabolism and transformation; and [[kapha]] as a source of potential energy represents the body's growth and maintenance.<ref name=Prasher>Prasher B, Aggarwal S, Mandal AK, Sethi TP, Deshmukh SR, Purohit SG, Sengupta S, Khanna S, et al. Whole genome expression and biochemical correlates of extreme constitutional types defined in Ayurveda. J. Transl. Med.2008:6. 1–12.</ref> These physiological principles are closely related to the phenotype of an individual. This article describes the concept and practical utility of deha prakriti (somatic constitution) in healthcare.   

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|label2 = Authors

|label2 = Authors

|data2 =Bhojani M.K.¹, Tanwar Ankur kumar¹

|data2 =Bhojani M.K.¹, Tanwar Ankur Kumar¹

|label3 = Reviewer  

|label3 = Reviewer  

|data6 = carakasamhita@gmail.com, meera.samhita@aiia.gov.in

|data6 = carakasamhita@gmail.com, meera.samhita@aiia.gov.in

|label7 = Date of first publication:

|label7 = Publisher

|data7 = December 17, 2021

 

|label8 = Date of first publication:

|data8 = December 17, 2021

|label8 = DOI

|label9 = DOI

|data8 = under process

|data9 = 10.47468/CSNE.2021.e01.s09.077

}}

}}

[[Vata]], [[pitta]], [[kapha]], [[vata]]-[[kapha]], [[vata]]-[[pitta]], [[kapha]]-[[pitta]], and samadoshaja prakriti (all three, i.e. [[vata]]-[[pitta]]-[[kapha]]) are the seven forms of prakriti. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana sthana]] 8/95] Among these, three kinds have single [[dosha]] preponderance, three have two [[dosha]] predominance, and one has all three [[dosha]] balance. [[Vata]], [[pitta]], and [[kapha]] are the three phenotypic extremes among the seven constitution types, with varying illness susceptibilities. The doshaja prakriti is divided into the following categories.

[[Vata]], [[pitta]], [[kapha]], [[vata]]-[[kapha]], [[vata]]-[[pitta]], [[kapha]]-[[pitta]], and samadoshaja prakriti (all three, i.e. [[vata]]-[[pitta]]-[[kapha]]) are the seven forms of prakriti. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana sthana]] 8/95] Among these, three kinds have single [[dosha]] preponderance, three have two [[dosha]] predominance, and one has all three [[dosha]] balance. [[Vata]], [[pitta]], and [[kapha]] are the three phenotypic extremes among the seven constitution types, with varying illness susceptibilities. The doshaja prakriti is divided into the following categories.

'''01: Vatala (Code: VA-2889) or [[Vata dosha]] dominant prakriti:''' When the [[vata dosha]] is predominant in the constitution it is vatala. Vatala prakriti characteristics include a poorly developed body built, erratic appetite, irregular food, and bowel habits, quick physical activity, quick memory but low retention, dryness of skin and hair, and cold temperature intolerance. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]].8/98]; [Su.Sa.Sharira Sthana 4/64]<ref name= Susruta> Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref>; [A.S.Sharira Sthana 8/7]<ref name= Sangraha> Vridha Vagbhata, Ashtanga Sangraha. Edited by Shivaprasad Sharma. 3rd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba sanskrit series office;2012.</ref>; [A.Hr.Sharira Sthana 3/86]<ref name=Hridaya/>

====01: Vatala (Code: VA-2889) or [[Vata dosha]] dominant prakriti====

 

When the [[vata dosha]] is predominant in the constitution it is vatala. Vatala prakriti characteristics include a poorly developed body built, erratic appetite, irregular food, and bowel habits, quick physical activity, quick memory but low retention, dryness of skin and hair, and cold temperature intolerance. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]].8/98]; [Su.Sa.Sharira Sthana 4/64]<ref name= Susruta> Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref>; [A.S.Sharira Sthana 8/7]<ref name= Sangraha> Vridha Vagbhata, Ashtanga Sangraha. Edited by Shivaprasad Sharma. 3rd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba sanskrit series office;2012.</ref>; [A.Hr.Sharira Sthana 3/86]<ref name=Hridaya/>

 

 

 

'''02. Pittala (Code: VA-2890) or [[Pitta dosha]] dominant prakriti:''' When the [[pitta dosha]] is predominant in the constitution it is pittala. Attributes of [[pitta]]-specific characters in the body of pittala type of constitution are high frequency and intensity of appetite and thirst, a high tendency for perspiration, prominence of pimples, freckles and moles, easy irritation, early graying and falling of hair, and a high tolerance for cold temperatures. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/97]; [Su.Sa.Sharira sthana 4/68]<ref name=Susruta/>; [A.S.Sharira Sthana 8/11]<ref name=Sangraha/>; [A.Hr.Sharira sthana 3/93]<ref name=Hridaya/>

When the [[kapha dosha]] is predominant in the constitution it is shleshmala. The characteristic features of shleshmala constitution are low appetite and digestion, are less mobile, have a good memory, oily skin, a fair complexion, have good disease resistance, and have a calm attitude.[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana sthana]]8/96; [Su.Sa.Sharira sthana 4/72]<ref name=Susruta/>; [A.S.Sharira sthana 8/12]<ref name=Sangraha/>; [A.Hr.Sharira sthana 3/97].<ref name=Hridaya/>

'''03. Shleshma (Code: VA-2891) or [[kapha dosha]] dominant prakriti:''' When the [[kapha dosha]] is predominant in the constitution it is shleshmala. The characteristic features of shleshmala constitution are low appetite and digestion, are less mobile, have a good memory, oily skin, a fair complexion, have good disease resistance, and have a calm attitude.[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana sthana]]8/96; [Su.Sa.Sharira sthana 4/72]<ref name=Susruta/>; [A.S.Sharira sthana 8/12]<ref name=Sangraha/>; [A.Hr.Sharira sthana 3/97].<ref name=Hridaya/>

====04. Dwidoshaja prakriti ====

'''04. Dwidoshaja prakriti:''' When two dominant [[dosha]] combines to determine prakriti, the characteristics of both [[dosha]] are visible in the constitution.

When two dominant [[dosha]] combines to determine prakriti, the characteristics of both [[dosha]] are visible in the constitution.

'''05.Sama doshaja prakriti:''' Prakriti is sama when the three [[dosha]] are in proportion to each other. These individuals are healthy and continue to be so.

====05.Sama doshaja prakriti ====

===Bhautika prakriti===

 

=== Bhautika prakriti===

The five essential elements [[Akasha]], [[Vayu]], [[Agni]], [[Aap]], and [[Prithvi]] make up the human body, as well as three basic principles known as the tri[[dosha]]. The body air principle known as [[vata]] is manifested from the [[Akasha]] and [[Vayu]] components. This principle is referred to as [[vata dosha]] in Sanskrit. The [[Agni]] and [[Aap]] elements come together in the body to form [[pitta dosha]]. The [[Prithvi]] and [[Aap]] components manifest as [[kapha]]. There are "five" varieties of prakriti based on the predominance of these panchabhautik components. Vayavya, Jaliya, and Agneya prakriti have characteristics that are similar to [[Vata]], [[Kapha]], and [[Pitta]] dominant prakriti, respectively. The stature of a person with a parthiva constitution is large, and he or she is firm, powerful, and muscular. The nabhasa constitution is characterized by piousness, longevity, and huge aural cavities. [Su.Sa.Sharira Sthana 4/79]<ref name=Susruta/>

The five essential elements [[Akasha]], [[Vayu]], [[Agni]], [[Aap]], and [[Prithvi]] make up the human body, as well as three basic principles known as the tri[[dosha]]. The body air principle known as [[vata]] is manifested from the [[Akasha]] and [[Vayu]] components. This principle is referred to as [[vata dosha]] in Sanskrit. The [[Agni]] and [[Aap]] elements come together in the body to form [[pitta dosha]]. The [[Prithvi]] and [[Aap]] components manifest as [[kapha]]. There are "five" varieties of prakriti based on the predominance of these panchabhautik components. Vayavya, Jaliya, and Agneya prakriti have characteristics that are similar to [[Vata]], [[Kapha]], and [[Pitta]] dominant prakriti, respectively. The stature of a person with a parthiva constitution is large, and he or she is firm, powerful, and muscular. The nabhasa constitution is characterized by piousness, longevity, and huge aural cavities. [Su.Sa.Sharira Sthana 4/79]<ref name=Susruta/>

===Prakriti classification as per era===

=== Prakriti classification as per era===

[[File:Kala_and_its_subtype_classification.png|500px|'''Image 1: Kala and its subtype classification'''|thumb]]

[[File:Kala_and_its_subtype_classification.png|500px|'''Image 1: Kala and its subtypes'''|thumb]]

Prakriti was categorized by Kashyapa based on time (kala).  An individual's personality concerning his birth in a typical century or yuga. Kala is classified into two types: auspicious (shubha) and inauspicious(ashubha).

Prakriti was categorized by Kashyapa based on time (kala).  An individual's personality concerning his birth in a typical century or yuga. Kala is classified into two types: auspicious (shubha) and inauspicious(ashubha).

===Un-changeable nature===

===Un-changeable nature===

[[File:Prakruti_perifery_and_core.png|500px|'''Image 2: Prakruti perifery and core'''|thumb]]

 

[[File:Prakriti periphery and core 1.png|300px|'''Image 2: Prakriti periphery and core'''|thumb]]

When any of the formative components is disrupted by inner and outside environmental variables, then prakriti spontaneously responds in the form of transient changes in the intensity of phenotypic expressions associated with [[vata]], [[pitta]] or [[kapha dosha]]. The [[dosha]] balance is influenced by changes in the environment including diurnal & seasonal variations. This change is in the intensity (quantitative) of expression rather than a change in the nature of expression (qualitative). However, a dynamic equilibrium of its constituent [[dosha]] is always maintained. [[Dosha]] predominant features in the particular time of day, night and season are also observed in the person irrespective of the prakriti. But it doesn’t mean the prakriti of the person is changed. This is merely a transitory change in the periphery of the prakriti. Prakriti's core does not alter. Death is indicated by a change in prakriti's core.[Su.Sa.Sharira Sthana 4/77]

When any of the formative components is disrupted by inner and outside environmental variables, then prakriti spontaneously responds in the form of transient changes in the intensity of phenotypic expressions associated with [[vata]], [[pitta]] or [[kapha dosha]]. The [[dosha]] balance is influenced by changes in the environment including diurnal & seasonal variations. This change is in the intensity (quantitative) of expression rather than a change in the nature of expression (qualitative). However, a dynamic equilibrium of its constituent [[dosha]] is always maintained. [[Dosha]] predominant features in the particular time of day, night and season are also observed in the person irrespective of the prakriti. But it doesn’t mean the prakriti of the person is changed. This is merely a transitory change in the periphery of the prakriti. Prakriti's core does not alter. Death is indicated by a change in prakriti's core.[Su.Sa.Sharira Sthana 4/77]

===Non-harmful nature===

===Non-harmful nature===

The dominance of [[dosha]] in determination of prakriti is normal. The [[dosha]] predominance of prakriti represented by specific qualities is never destructive to the own trait in any manner, but rather stands out as a distinct, recognizable quality of that person. But this predominance of [[dosha]] is always susceptible to abnormalities (vikriti) of corresponding [[dosha]]. The diet and lifestyle provoking similar [[dosha]] as that in prakriti makes the person susceptible to diseases of that [[dosha]]. Therefore, the prakriti having single [[dosha]] dominance (vataladya) is always prone to diseases.  The inherent [[dosha]] dominance in prakriti up to a certain limit is not harmful. Just like the inherent toxin in animals is not harmful to the creature itself.[Su.Sa. Sharira sthana 4/78]<ref name=Susruta/> [A. Hr. Sutra sthana 1/9]<ref name=Hridaya/>

The dominance of [[dosha]] in determination of prakriti is normal up to a certain level. The [[dosha]] predominance of prakriti represented by specific qualities is never destructive to the own trait in any manner, but rather stands out as a distinct, recognizable quality of that person. But this predominance of [[dosha]] is always susceptible to abnormalities (vikriti) of corresponding [[dosha]]. The diet and lifestyle provoking similar [[dosha]] as that in prakriti makes the person susceptible to diseases of that [[dosha]]. Therefore, the prakriti having single [[dosha]] dominance (vataladya) is always prone to diseases.  The inherent [[dosha]] dominance in prakriti up to a certain limit is not harmful. Just like the inherent toxin in animals is not harmful to the creature itself.[Su.Sa. Sharira sthana 4/78]<ref name=Susruta/> [A. Hr. Sutra sthana 1/9]<ref name=Hridaya/>

==Characteristic features of [[dosha]] specific prakriti==

==Characteristic features of [[dosha]] specific prakriti==

There is a close link between [[vata]]-[[kapha]] and [[kapha]] prakriti and risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia), insulin resistance, and immune markers.<ref>Mahalle NP, Kulkarni MV, Pendse NM, Naik SS. Association of constitutional type of Ayurveda with cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory markers and insulin resistance. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2012;3:150-7.</ref>There is a very strong link between prakriti (Kapha/KaphaPittaja) and type 2 diabetes.<ref>Gupta A, Ali A, Tewari P, Agrawal NK, Patel R, Byadgi PS. Association of Kaphaja and Kapha Pittaja Prakriti and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T allele with type 2 diabetes. Ayu2018;39:146-50.</ref>

There is a close link between [[vata]]-[[kapha]] and [[kapha]] prakriti and risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia), insulin resistance, and immune markers.<ref>Mahalle NP, Kulkarni MV, Pendse NM, Naik SS. Association of constitutional type of Ayurveda with cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory markers and insulin resistance. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2012;3:150-7.</ref>There is a very strong link between prakriti (Kapha/KaphaPittaja) and type 2 diabetes.<ref>Gupta A, Ali A, Tewari P, Agrawal NK, Patel R, Byadgi PS. Association of Kaphaja and Kapha Pittaja Prakriti and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T allele with type 2 diabetes. Ayu2018;39:146-50.</ref>

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== Related articles ==

== Related articles ==

[[Prakriti]], [[Naveganadharaniya Adhyaya]], [[Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana Adhyaya]]

[[Prakriti]],[[Manas prakriti]], [[Naveganadharaniya Adhyaya]], [[Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana Adhyaya]]