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Deerghanjiviteeya Adhyaya (view source)
Revision as of 11:07, 17 September 2019
, 11:07, 17 September 2019no edit summary
(Among these tastes) sweet, sour and salty overcome ''vayu'', astringent, sweet and bitter subdue ''pitta'' and astringent, pungent and bitter win over ''kapha''. [66]
(Among these tastes) sweet, sour and salty overcome ''vayu'', astringent, sweet and bitter subdue ''pitta'' and astringent, pungent and bitter win over ''kapha''. [66]
====Classification of ''dravya'' based on action ====
==== Classification of ''dravya'' based on action ====
किञ्चिद्दोषप्रशमनं किञ्चिद्धातुप्रदूषणम्|
किञ्चिद्दोषप्रशमनं किञ्चिद्धातुप्रदूषणम्|
Elementary substances are of three types (based on action)- (1) some pacifiers of ''doshas'', (2) some vitiate ''dhatus'' and (3) some are taken as (responsible for) maintaining normal health. [67]
Elementary substances are of three types (based on action)- (1) some pacifiers of ''doshas'', (2) some vitiate ''dhatus'' and (3) some are taken as (responsible for) maintaining normal health. [67]
====Classification of Matters according to Source ====
==== Classification of dravya (elementary substance) according to Source ====
तत् पुनस्त्रिविधं प्रोक्तं जङ्गमौद्भिदपार्थिवम् |
तत् पुनस्त्रिविधं प्रोक्तं जङ्गमौद्भिदपार्थिवम् |
tat punastrividhaṁ prōktaṁ jaṅgamaudbhidapārthivam |
tat punastrividhaM proktaM ja~ggamaudbhidapArthivam |
According to the source of origin, the drugs are of three types viz. animal origin, plant origin and earth origin.(68)
===== Animal origin substances =====
मधूनि गोरसाः पित्तं वसा मज्जाऽसृगामिषम्||६८||
मधूनि गोरसाः पित्तं वसा मज्जाऽसृगामिषम्||६८||
जङ्गमेभ्यः प्रयुज्यन्ते केशा लोमानि रोचनाः||६९||
जङ्गमेभ्यः प्रयुज्यन्ते केशा लोमानि रोचनाः||६९||
madhūni gōrasāḥ pittaṁ vasā majjā'sr̥gāmiṣam||68||
madhūni gōrasāḥ pittaṁ vasā majjā'sr̥gāmiṣam||68||
jaṅgamēbhyaḥ prayujyantē kēśā lōmāni rōcanāḥ||69||
jaṅgamēbhyaḥ prayujyantē kēśā lōmāni rōcanāḥ||69||
madhUni gorasAH pittaM vasA majjA~asRugAmiSham||68||
madhUni gorasAH pittaM vasA majjA~asRugAmiSham||68||
ja~ggamebhyaH prayujyante keshA lomAni rocanAH||69||
ja~ggamebhyaH prayujyante keshA lomAni rocanAH||69||
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
Honey, milk, bile, animal-fat, bone-marrow, blood, flesh, excreta, urine, skin, semen, bone, ligaments, horns, nails, hoof, hair, down (fine soft dense hair) and inspissated bile - are substances obtained from animals [68-69].
</div>
</div>
====Earth origin drugs ====
===== Earth origin substances =====
सुवर्णं समलाः पञ्च लोहाः ससिकताः सुधा|
सुवर्णं समलाः पञ्च लोहाः ससिकताः सुधा|
मनःशिलाले मणयो लवणं गैरिकाञ्जने||७०||
मनःशिलाले मणयो लवणं गैरिकाञ्जने||७०||
suvarṇaṁ samalāḥ pañca lōhāḥ sasikatāḥ sudhā|
manaḥśilālē maṇayō lavaṇaṁ gairikāñjanē||70||
suvarNaM samalAH pa~jca lohAH sasikatAH sudhA|
manaHshilAle maNayo lavaNaM gairikA~jjane||70||
Substances obtained from earth are gold, five metals (silver, copper, tin, lead and iron) along with their byproducts such as ''shilajatu'' (bitumen), sand, lime, red and yellow arsenic (''manahshila'' and ''hartala''), gems, salt, red ochre and antimony.[70
===== Plant origin substances =====
भौममौषधमुद्दिष्टमौद्भिदं तु चतुर्विधम्|
भौममौषधमुद्दिष्टमौद्भिदं तु चतुर्विधम्|
वनस्पतिस्तथा वीरुद्वानस्पत्यस्तथौषधिः||७१||
वनस्पतिस्तथा वीरुद्वानस्पत्यस्तथौषधिः||७१||
bhaumamauṣadhamuddiṣṭamaudbhidaṁ tu caturvidham|
bhaumamauṣadhamuddiṣṭamaudbhidaṁ tu caturvidham|
vanaspatistathā vīrudvānaspatyastathauṣadhiḥ||71||
vanaspatistathā vīrudvānaspatyastathauṣadhiḥ||71||
bhaumamauShadhamuddiShTamaudbhidaM tu caturvidham|
bhaumamauShadhamuddiShTamaudbhidaM tu caturvidham|
vanaspatistathA vIrudvAnaspatyastathauShadhiH||71||
vanaspatistathA vIrudvAnaspatyastathauShadhiH||71||
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
Plant origin drugs: Plant origin drugs are of four types viz. direct fruiters, creepers, flower based fruiters and herbs [70-71].
Plant origin drugs: Plant origin drugs are of four types viz. direct fruiters, creepers, flower based fruiters and herbs [71].
</div>
</div>
====== Four types of substances from plant origin ======
फलैर्वनस्पतिः पुष्पैर्वानस्पत्यः फलैरपि|
फलैर्वनस्पतिः पुष्पैर्वानस्पत्यः फलैरपि|
oShadhyaH phalapAkAntAH pratAnairvIrudhaH smRutAH||72||
oShadhyaH phalapAkAntAH pratAnairvIrudhaH smRutAH||72||
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
The plants which bear fruit without visible flowers are known as ''vanaspati'' (Gymno-spermia). The plants bearing both flowers and fruits are known as ''vanaspatya'' (angio-spermia). The plants which die out after flowering are known as ''aushadha'' (annuals). The plants which creep or twine are known as ''virudha'' (creepers) [72]
The plants which bear fruit without visible flowers are known as ''vanaspati'' (Gymno-spermia). The plants bearing both flowers and fruits are known as ''vanaspatya'' (angio-spermia). The plants which die out after flowering are known as ''aushadha'' (annuals). The plants which creep or twine are known as ''virudha'' (creepers) [72]
</div>
</div>
====Plant’s parts used as drugs ====
===== Plant’s parts used as drugs =====
मूलत्वक्सारनिर्यासनाल(ड)स्वरसपल्लवाः|
मूलत्वक्सारनिर्यासनाल(ड)स्वरसपल्लवाः|
The roots bark, pith, exudation, stalk, juice, sprouts, alkalis, latex, fruits, flowers, ash, oil, thorns, leaves, buds, bulbs and off-shoots of the plants are used as drugs [73-73.5]
The roots bark, pith, exudation, stalk, juice, sprouts, alkalis, latex, fruits, flowers, ash, oil, thorns, leaves, buds, bulbs and off-shoots of the plants are used as drugs [73-73.5]
====Miscellaneous classifications of the drugs ====
==== Groups of substances for medicinal use ====
मूलिन्यः षोडशैकोना फलिन्यो विंशतिः स्मृताः||७४||
मूलिन्यः षोडशैकोना फलिन्यो विंशतिः स्मृताः||७४||
Per the school of Punarvasu (Lord Atreya), roots of 16 plants and fruits of 19 plants are used as drugs. Similarly, principal unctuous (''mahasneha'') substances are of four types and main salts are of five types. Urine and milk for medicinal purposes are obtained from 8 different animals and six plants are used for purification (''shodhana''). The physician who knows how to use all these materials for curing the disease is the expert physician [74-76].
Per the school of Punarvasu (Lord Atreya), roots of 16 plants and fruits of 19 plants are used as drugs. Similarly, principal unctuous (''mahasneha'') substances are of four types and main salts are of five types. Urine and milk for medicinal purposes are obtained from 8 different animals and six plants are used for purification (''shodhana''). The physician who knows how to use all these materials for curing the disease is the expert physician [74-76].
</div>
</div>
====Sixteen roots used for ''shodhana'' (purification):====
=====Sixteen roots used for ''shodhana'' (purification) =====
हस्तिदन्ती हैमवती श्यामा त्रिवृदधोगुडा|
हस्तिदन्ती हैमवती श्यामा त्रिवृदधोगुडा|
Out of these ''Shankhapushpi, Bimbi and Haimavati'' are used for ''vamana'' (emesis therapy). ''Shveta'' and ''Jyotishmati'' are used for ''nasya karma'' (errhine). The remaining 11 drugs are used for ''virechana karma'' (purgation therapy) [77-80].
Out of these ''Shankhapushpi, Bimbi and Haimavati'' are used for ''vamana'' (emesis therapy). ''Shveta'' and ''Jyotishmati'' are used for ''nasya karma'' (errhine). The remaining 11 drugs are used for ''virechana karma'' (purgation therapy) [77-80].
</div>
</div>
====Fruits used for ''shodhana'' (purification therapy) ====
===== Fruits used for ''shodhana'' (purification therapy) =====
...फलिनीः शृणु||८०||
...फलिनीः शृणु||८०||
''Pratyakpushpa'' is used for ''nasya karma''. The remaining 10 drugs are useful for ''virechana karma''. Thus the names and main actions of 19 fruiters have been described [81-85.5].
''Pratyakpushpa'' is used for ''nasya karma''. The remaining 10 drugs are useful for ''virechana karma''. Thus the names and main actions of 19 fruiters have been described [81-85.5].
</div>
</div>
====Four major unctuous substances====
=====Four major unctuous substances=====
सर्पिस्तैलं वसा मज्जा स्नेहो दिष्टश्चतुर्विधः ||८६||
सर्पिस्तैलं वसा मज्जा स्नेहो दिष्टश्चतुर्विधः ||८६||
Ghee, oil, animal-fat and bone-marrow are the four major unctuous substances. These are used after preparing with other drugs for potion, inunction, medicated enema and errhine (''nasya'') therapy [86].
Ghee, oil, animal-fat and bone-marrow are the four major unctuous substances. These are used after preparing with other drugs for potion, inunction, medicated enema and errhine (''nasya'') therapy [86].
====General actions of unctuous substances ====
======General actions of unctuous substances ======
स्नेहना जीवना वर्ण्या बलोपचयवर्धनाः||८७||
स्नेहना जीवना वर्ण्या बलोपचयवर्धनाः||८७||
The unctuous substances produce oiliness, vitality, complexion, strength and growth in the body and provide relief in ''vata'', ''pitta'' and ''kapha'' [87-87.5]
The unctuous substances produce oiliness, vitality, complexion, strength and growth in the body and provide relief in ''vata'', ''pitta'' and ''kapha'' [87-87.5]
====Five salts ====
=====Five salts =====
सौवर्चलं सैन्धवं च विडमौद्भिदमेव च||८८||
सौवर्चलं सैन्धवं च विडमौद्भिदमेव च||८८||
Five principal salts are black/sochal salt (''sauvarchala''), rock salt (''saindhava''), ammonium chloride (''vid''), earth/efflorescence salt (''audbhid'') and sea salt (''samudra''). They are unctuous, hot, sharp/acute and foremost in digestive-stimulants [88-89].
Five principal salts are black/sochal salt (''sauvarchala''), rock salt (''saindhava''), ammonium chloride (''vid''), earth/efflorescence salt (''audbhid'') and sea salt (''samudra''). They are unctuous, hot, sharp/acute and foremost in digestive-stimulants [88-89].
====Utility of salts ====
======Utility of salts ======
आलेपनार्थे युज्यन्ते स्नेहस्वेदविधौ तथा|
आलेपनार्थे युज्यन्ते स्नेहस्वेदविधौ तथा|
Salts are used for external applications (''alepa''), oleation, sudation, in emesis and purgation preparations, in evacuation and unctuous types of enemata preparations, inunction and errhine therapy; in surgical operations, suppository, collyrium, friction massage and as a food. It is indicated in indigestion, constipation, disorders of ''vata'', ''gulma'', colic and abdominal diseases. Thus, salts have been described [90-91.5]
Salts are used for external applications (''alepa''), oleation, sudation, in emesis and purgation preparations, in evacuation and unctuous types of enemata preparations, inunction and errhine therapy; in surgical operations, suppository, collyrium, friction massage and as a food. It is indicated in indigestion, constipation, disorders of ''vata'', ''gulma'', colic and abdominal diseases. Thus, salts have been described [90-91.5]
</div>
</div>
====Eight important varieties of urine ====
=====Eight important origins of urine =====
... न्यू(ऊ)र्ध्वं मूत्राण्यष्टौ निबोध मे||९२||
... न्यू(ऊ)र्ध्वं मूत्राण्यष्टौ निबोध मे||९२||
Eight principal urines described by the Atreya School for medicinal use are urine of ewe, she-goat, cow, she-buffalo, elephant, she-camel, mare and she-donkey [92-93]
Eight principal urines described by the Atreya School for medicinal use are urine of ewe, she-goat, cow, she-buffalo, elephant, she-camel, mare and she-donkey [92-93]
====General properties and external uses of urine ====
======General properties and external uses of urine ======
उष्णं तीक्ष्णमथोऽरूक्षं कटुकं लवणान्वितम्||९४||
उष्णं तीक्ष्णमथोऽरूक्षं कटुकं लवणान्वितम्||९४||
Generally, urines have hot, acute and non-dry actions, are pungent and salty in taste and are used for frictional massage and external applications (''alepa'') [94].
Generally, urines have hot, acute and non-dry actions, are pungent and salty in taste and are used for frictional massage and external applications (''alepa'') [94].
====Internal uses of urine ====
======Internal uses of urine ======
युक्तमास्थापने मूत्रं युक्तं चापि विरेचने||९५||
युक्तमास्थापने मूत्रं युक्तं चापि विरेचने||९५||
Oral intake of urine pacifies ''kapha'', regulates peristaltic movement of ''vata'' and evacuates morbid ''pitta'' through lower channels. General properties and actions of urine thus have been described. Now they will be described individually [98-99]
Oral intake of urine pacifies ''kapha'', regulates peristaltic movement of ''vata'' and evacuates morbid ''pitta'' through lower channels. General properties and actions of urine thus have been described. Now they will be described individually [98-99]
</div>
</div>
====Properties of urine of ewe and goat ====
=======Properties of urine of ewe and goat =======
अविमूत्रं सतिक्तं स्यात् स्निग्धं पित्ताविरोधि च|
अविमूत्रं सतिक्तं स्यात् स्निग्धं पित्ताविरोधि च|
The urine of ewe is slightly bitter, unctuous and not antagonistic to ''pitta''. The urine of she-goat is astringent, sweet and wholesome and dispels the morbid ''dosha'' [100]
The urine of ewe is slightly bitter, unctuous and not antagonistic to ''pitta''. The urine of she-goat is astringent, sweet and wholesome and dispels the morbid ''dosha'' [100]
====Properties of cow’s urine ====
=======Properties of cow’s urine =======
गव्यं समधुरं किञ्चिद्दोषघ्नं क्रिमिकुष्ठनुत्|
गव्यं समधुरं किञ्चिद्दोषघ्नं क्रिमिकुष्ठनुत्|
The urine of cow is slightly sweet, alleviates discordance of dosha and cures worms and chronic dermatoses (''kushtha'') and relieves pruritis. Its proper intake cures disorders of abdomen [101]
The urine of cow is slightly sweet, alleviates discordance of dosha and cures worms and chronic dermatoses (''kushtha'') and relieves pruritis. Its proper intake cures disorders of abdomen [101]
====Properties of urine of buffalo and elephant ====
=======Properties of urine of buffalo and elephant =======
अर्शःशोफोदरघ्नं तु सक्षारं माहिषं सरम्|
अर्शःशोफोदरघ्नं तु सक्षारं माहिषं सरम्|
The urine of buffalo provides relief in piles, edema and disorders leading to general enlargement of abdomen (''udara roga''). The urine of she-elephant is salty and provides relief in worms and dermatoses (''kushtha''). It is also useful in the treatment of retention of feces and urine, poisoning, ''kapha'' disorders and piles [102.5]
The urine of buffalo provides relief in piles, edema and disorders leading to general enlargement of abdomen (''udara roga''). The urine of she-elephant is salty and provides relief in worms and dermatoses (''kushtha''). It is also useful in the treatment of retention of feces and urine, poisoning, ''kapha'' disorders and piles [102.5]
</div>
</div>
====Properties of urine of she-camel ====
=======Properties of urine of she-camel =======
सतिक्तं श्वासकासघ्नमर्शोघ्नं चौष्ट्रमुच्यते||१०३||
सतिक्तं श्वासकासघ्नमर्शोघ्नं चौष्ट्रमुच्यते||१०३||
The urine of she-camel is slightly bitter and provides relief in breathlessness, cough and piles [103].
The urine of she-camel is slightly bitter and provides relief in breathlessness, cough and piles [103].
====Properties of urine of mare and she-donkey ====
=======Properties of urine of mare and she-donkey =======
वाजिनां तिक्तकटुकं कुष्ठव्रणविषापहम्|
वाजिनां तिक्तकटुकं कुष्ठव्रणविषापहम्|
Thus described were the medicinal properties and action of eight types of urine. [104].
Thus described were the medicinal properties and action of eight types of urine. [104].
</div>
</div>
====Eight important varieties of milk ====
=====Eight important varieties of milk =====
अतः क्षीराणि वक्ष्यन्ते कर्म चैषां गुणाश्च ये||१०५||
अतः क्षीराणि वक्ष्यन्ते कर्म चैषां गुणाश्च ये||१०५||
Generally, milk is sweet, unctuous, cooling, galactagogue, pleasing, aphrodisiac, brain tonic (''medhya'', which increases intelligence), strengthening, exhilarating, vitalizing, refreshing; curative to dyspnea, cough, bleeding, synthesizer in injuries/fracture; wholesome to all living creatures, pacifies and evacuates the ''dosha'', quenches the thirst, stimulates the digestion and very useful in emaciation due to lung ulcer [107-109].
Generally, milk is sweet, unctuous, cooling, galactagogue, pleasing, aphrodisiac, brain tonic (''medhya'', which increases intelligence), strengthening, exhilarating, vitalizing, refreshing; curative to dyspnea, cough, bleeding, synthesizer in injuries/fracture; wholesome to all living creatures, pacifies and evacuates the ''dosha'', quenches the thirst, stimulates the digestion and very useful in emaciation due to lung ulcer [107-109].
</div>
</div>
====General indications of milk ====
==== General indications of milk ====
पाण्डुरोगेऽम्लपित्ते च शोषे गुल्मे तथोदरे|
पाण्डुरोगेऽम्लपित्ते च शोषे गुल्मे तथोदरे|