Changes

Apart from brushing the teeth, cleaning the tongue using a scraper is also recommended. The tongue-scraper should be curved without a sharp edge.  Classics, metallic tongue scrapers made up of gold, silver, copper, tin or brass are recommended. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 5/76]

Apart from brushing the teeth, cleaning the tongue using a scraper is also recommended. The tongue-scraper should be curved without a sharp edge.  Classics, metallic tongue scrapers made up of gold, silver, copper, tin or brass are recommended. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 5/76]

Recent research has shown that the tongue scraping and tongue brushing play an important role in controlling bacterial load and plaque level.  In a study comparing three types, two commercially available tongue scrapers (a manual toothbrush that has a tongue scraper on the back of its head, metallic and plastic tongue cleaners), the most effective reduction of the bacterial count was observed with plastic tongue cleaners.  

Recent research has shown that the tongue scraping and tongue brushing play an important role in controlling bacterial load and plaque level.<ref>Winnier JJ, Rupesh S, Nayak UA, Reddy V, Prasad Rao A. The comparative evaluation of the effects of tongue cleaning on existing plaque levels in children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2013;6(3):188-192. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1216</ref> In a study comparing three types, two commercially available tongue scrapers (a manual toothbrush that has a tongue scraper on the back of its head, metallic and plastic tongue cleaners), the most effective reduction of the bacterial count was observed with plastic tongue cleaners.<ref>Vartul Dwived et al, Effectiveness of Various Tongue Cleaning Aids in the Reduction of Tongue Coating and Bacterial Load: A Comparative Clinical Study, The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, Volume 20 ,2019, Page no:444-448.</ref>

===Mouth fresheners===

===Mouth fresheners===

Oil pulling using sesame oil is recommended as a daily routine. It imparts strength to the jaws, clarity to the voice, excellent gustatory sensation and gives protection from dryness of throat, lips, dental caries etc. It has a good role in preventing and curing both local and systemic illnesses.[Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 5/7-79]

Oil pulling using sesame oil is recommended as a daily routine. It imparts strength to the jaws, clarity to the voice, excellent gustatory sensation and gives protection from dryness of throat, lips, dental caries etc. It has a good role in preventing and curing both local and systemic illnesses.[Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 5/7-79]

   

   

In a study, the oil pulling therapy showed reduction in the plaque index, modified gingival scores, and total colony count of aerobic microorganisms in the plaque of adolescents with plaque-induced gingivitis.  Oil pulling is observed to bring improvement in oral hygiene when practiced correctly and regularly.  The tongue influences and interacts with the body systems. Its dysfunction leads to different local and systemic pathologies.

In a study, the oil pulling therapy showed reduction in the plaque index, modified gingival scores, and total colony count of aerobic microorganisms in the plaque of adolescents with plaque-induced gingivitis.<ref>Asokan S, Emmadi P, Chamundeswari R. Effect of oil pulling on plaque induced gingivitis: A randomized, controlled, tripleblind study. Indian J Dent Res 2009;20:47-51.</ref> Oil pulling is observed to bring improvement in oral hygiene when practiced correctly and regularly.<ref>Shanbhag VK. Oil pulling for maintaining oral hygiene - A review. J Tradit Complement Med. 2016;7(1):106-109. Published 2016 Jun 6. doi:10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.05.004</ref> The tongue influences and interacts with the body systems. Its dysfunction leads to different local and systemic pathologies.<ref>Bordoni B, Morabito B, Mitrano R, Simonelli M, Toccafondi A. The Anatomical Relationships of the Tongue with the Body System. Cureus. 2018;10(12):e3695. Published 2018 Dec 5. doi:10.7759/cureus.3695</ref>

The sense organs like eye, ear, nose and skin are also protected by various measures in daily routine.

The sense organs like eye, ear, nose and skin are also protected by various measures in daily routine.

The vision perception is predominantly done by [[teja mahabhuta]] constituent. Hence the eyes are always susceptible to disorders of [[kapha dosha]]. Daily application of collyrium is recommended for promoting clear vision. Application of solid extract of Berberis aristata  (rasanjana) is advised in an interval of 5- 8 days during night time for lacrimation and cleansing purpose. Strong collyrium should not be applied to the eyes during daytime. The collyrium meant for cleansing purpose shall be done only at night.[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 5/15-17]  

The vision perception is predominantly done by [[teja mahabhuta]] constituent. Hence the eyes are always susceptible to disorders of [[kapha dosha]]. Daily application of collyrium is recommended for promoting clear vision. Application of solid extract of Berberis aristata  (rasanjana) is advised in an interval of 5- 8 days during night time for lacrimation and cleansing purpose. Strong collyrium should not be applied to the eyes during daytime. The collyrium meant for cleansing purpose shall be done only at night.[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 5/15-17]  

This procedure has preventive and curative effect in eye disorders.  The combination of extract of Berberis aristata (rasanjana) and honey was found to be very effective in relieving all clinical features like mucopurulent discharge, foreign body  sensation, redness, burning sensation, conjunctival congestion, and papillary hypertrophy in patients of  mucopurulent conjunctivitis (netra abhishyanda).  

This procedure has preventive and curative effect in eye disorders.  The combination of extract of Berberis aristata (rasanjana) and honey was found to be very effective in relieving all clinical features like mucopurulent discharge, foreign body  sensation, redness, burning sensation, conjunctival congestion, and papillary hypertrophy in patients of  mucopurulent conjunctivitis (netra abhishyanda).<ref>Bhardwaj A, Tanwar M. Effect of rasanjana madhu ashchyotana in netra abhishyanda (mucopurulent conjunctivitis). Ayu. 2011;32(3):365-369. doi:10.4103/0974-8520.93916</ref>

*'''Relation of feet and eyes :'''

*'''Relation of feet and eyes :'''

Oil application to soles and feet (padabhyanga), washing (padaprakshalana) and covering the foot with suitable footwear (padatradharana) are recommended in eye care. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/69-71]

Oil application to soles and feet (padabhyanga), washing (padaprakshalana) and covering the foot with suitable footwear (padatradharana) are recommended in eye care. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/69-71]

As per the foot reflexology, eye points are located on the undersides of second and third toes. The pressure effect on these points during oil massage can promote the health of eye and relieve the signs and symptoms of eye disorders.

As per the foot reflexology, eye points are located on the undersides of second and third toes. The pressure effect on these points during oil massage can promote the health of eye and relieve the signs and symptoms of eye disorders.<ref>Data Ram et al, Promotive and Preventive Eye Care in Ayurveda, International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, Vol.8,2016, page no:160-166.</ref>

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=== Nasal application  (nasya) ===

=== Nasal application  (nasya) ===

Nasal cavity is directly connected with with the sensorineural structures of brain. The medicated oil applied through nasal cavity reaches to "Shringataka marma" (cavernous sinus), which is the seat of all the centres of vision, hearing, smell, and taste. The most important oil preparation recommended for nasal instillation is "anu taila." [ Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 5/56-63].

Nasal cavity is directly connected with with the sensorineural structures of brain. The medicated oil applied through nasal cavity reaches to "Shringataka marma" (cavernous sinus), which is the seat of all the centres of vision, hearing, smell, and taste. The most important oil preparation recommended for nasal instillation is "anu taila." [ Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 5/56-63].

Recently , the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, included oil pulling therapy and nasal application therapies in self care and immunity boosting preventive protocol for management of SARS-Covid-19 pandemic.

Recently , the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, included oil pulling therapy and nasal application therapies in self care and immunity boosting preventive protocol for management of SARS-Covid-19 pandemic.<ref>Avaialable from https://www.ayush.gov.in/docs/123.pdf cited on February 12,2021</ref>

=== Smoke inhalation (dhoomapana) ===

=== Smoke inhalation (dhoomapana) ===

Two more types of massages are included in the daily regimen as per the body constitution, predominant dosha and endurance of the individual.  

Two more types of massages are included in the daily regimen as per the body constitution, predominant dosha and endurance of the individual.  

In a study conducted in infants, the daily massaging with sesame oil showed significant results in growth parameters, blood flow and sleep pattern in comparison with other herbal and mineral oils.

In a study conducted in infants, the daily massaging with sesame oil showed significant results in growth parameters, blood flow and sleep pattern in comparison with other herbal and mineral oils.<ref>Kailash Nath Agarwal et al, Effects of massage & use of oil on growth, blood flow & sleep pattern in infants, The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 2001, 112:212-7</ref>

=== Gentle massage (samvahana) ===

=== Gentle massage (samvahana) ===

Massaging and rubbing the body using a herbal powder is termed as powder massage (udvartana). It is generally done in a direction opposite to that of body hair. It is indicated in [[kapha]] dominant conditions and obese individuals. It helps to reduce fat, provides firmness to body parts and cleanses the skin. [A. Hr. Sutra Sthana 2/16]  

Massaging and rubbing the body using a herbal powder is termed as powder massage (udvartana). It is generally done in a direction opposite to that of body hair. It is indicated in [[kapha]] dominant conditions and obese individuals. It helps to reduce fat, provides firmness to body parts and cleanses the skin. [A. Hr. Sutra Sthana 2/16]  

Udvartana effectively mobilizes the stored fat by liquefying it, making it easily available for disposal from the system. The therapeutic efficacy of this procedure has been proven in conditions like obesity , dyslipidaemia.

Udvartana effectively mobilizes the stored fat by liquefying it, making it easily available for disposal from the system. The therapeutic efficacy of this procedure has been proven in conditions like obesity<ref>Chandramohan Arya et al. 2018, Role of Udvartana Therapy in the Management of Sthoulya (Obesity). Int J Recent Sci Res. 9(8), pp. 28344-28345. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2018.0908.2442</ref> , dyslipidaemia.<ref>Patel B, Kamble SB, Vyas HA, Vyas MK, Chinthala R. Hypolipidemic effect of Rukshana Upakrama in the management of dyslipidemia – A case study. AYU 2018;39:72-5.</ref>

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== Exercise (vyayama) ==

== Exercise (vyayama) ==

Well co-ordinated and balanced movements are included in execrcise (vyayama). Regular exercise renders body light and efficient in activities, improves digestive power and wanes obesity. Healthy individuals, who are habituated to fat rich diet should routinely practice exercise especially during winter and spring seasons. In other seasons, it can be performed moderately. [A. Hr. Sutra Sthana 2/11-13]  

Well co-ordinated and balanced movements are included in execrcise (vyayama). Regular exercise renders body light and efficient in activities, improves digestive power and wanes obesity. Healthy individuals, who are habituated to fat rich diet should routinely practice exercise especially during winter and spring seasons. In other seasons, it can be performed moderately. [A. Hr. Sutra Sthana 2/11-13]  

Research shows  that exercise is as beneficial as a medicine for health. As for any other drug, amount of exercise is equally important based on personified requirements and conditions.  The optimum limit of exercise is upto half strength of the person.  

Research shows  that exercise is as beneficial as a medicine for health. As for any other drug, amount of exercise is equally important based on personified requirements and conditions.<ref>Vina J, Sanchis-Gomar F, Martinez-Bello V, Gomez-Cabrera MC. Exercise acts as a drug; the pharmacological benefits of exercise. Br J Pharmacol. 2012;167(1):1-12. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01970.x</ref> The optimum limit of exercise is upto half strength of the person.  

Exercise is not recommended in diseases due to vitiation of [[vata]] and [[pitta]], tender children, and aged persons. Excessive exercise beyond ones capacity, can cause excessive thirst (trushna), emaciation(kshaya), dyspnoea(pratamaka), bleeding disorders(raktapitta), fatigue, cough, fever, and vomiting. [A. Hr. Sutra Sthana 2/14].  

Exercise is not recommended in diseases due to vitiation of [[vata]] and [[pitta]], tender children, and aged persons. Excessive exercise beyond ones capacity, can cause excessive thirst (trushna), emaciation(kshaya), dyspnoea(pratamaka), bleeding disorders(raktapitta), fatigue, cough, fever, and vomiting. [A. Hr. Sutra Sthana 2/14].  

Moderate and regular exercise can prevent many life style disorders.

Moderate and regular exercise can prevent many life style disorders.

Studies have shown the evidences for the effectiveness of regular physical activity in the primary and secondary prevention of several chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, hypertension, obesity, depression and osteoporosis) and premature death.   

Studies have shown the evidences for the effectiveness of regular physical activity in the primary and secondary prevention of several chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, hypertension, obesity, depression and osteoporosis) and premature death.<ref>Warburton DE, Nicol CW, Bredin SS. Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. CMAJ. 2006;174(6):801-809. doi:10.1503/cmaj.051351</ref>    

After exercise it is recommended to massage the entire body comfortably. [A. Hr. Sutra Sthana 2/13]

After exercise it is recommended to massage the entire body comfortably. [A. Hr. Sutra Sthana 2/13]

Some studies have shown that people who had a habit of bathing in hot water have good subjective health status, sufficient sleep and rest, low levels of stress, and high subjective happiness. It imparts the psychological benefits of bathing too.   

Some studies have shown that people who had a habit of bathing in hot water have good subjective health status, sufficient sleep and rest, low levels of stress, and high subjective happiness. It imparts the psychological benefits of bathing too.   

Among the two types of bath, routine immersion bathing appeared more beneficial to mental and physical health than routine shower bathing  without immersion. A randomized controlled trial compared the effects of immersion bathing and shower bathing. Visual analogue scale scores were significantly better for fatigue, stress, pain, and smile, self-reported heath and skin condition in case of  immersion bathing. The study reported that immersion bathing, but not shower bathing, exerted hyper thermic action that induced increase in blood flow and metabolic waste elimination, which may afford physical refreshment.

Among the two types of bath, routine immersion bathing appeared more beneficial to mental and physical health than routine shower bathing  without immersion. A randomized controlled trial compared the effects of immersion bathing and shower bathing. Visual analogue scale scores were significantly better for fatigue, stress, pain, and smile, self-reported heath and skin condition in case of  immersion bathing. The study reported that immersion bathing, but not shower bathing, exerted hyper thermic action that induced increase in blood flow and metabolic waste elimination, which may afford physical refreshment.<ref>Goto Y, Hayasaka S, Kurihara S, Nakamura Y. Physical and Mental Effects of Bathing: A Randomized Intervention Study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018;2018:9521086. Published 2018 Jun 7. doi:10.1155/2018/9521086</ref>

Japanese researcher evaluated the effects of hot water and bathroom temperatures on human thermoregulatory function and thermal perception during half-body bathing in the winter season. It was concluded that high bathroom temperature is better than half-body bathing at a low water temperature.  

Japanese researcher evaluated the effects of hot water and bathroom temperatures on human thermoregulatory function and thermal perception during half-body bathing in the winter season. It was concluded that high bathroom temperature is better than half-body bathing at a low water temperature.<ref>Yuko Kawahara, Mayumi Nagata, Yuki Niimi, Chihiro Miwa, Satoshi Iwase,Effects of bath water and bathroom temperatures on human thermoregulatory function and thermal perception during half-body bathing in winter,Editor(s): Yutaka Tochihara, Tadakatsu Ohnaka,Elsevier Ergonomics Book Series,Elsevier,Volume 3,2005,Pages 171-176,ISSN 1572-347X,ISBN 9780080444666,https://doi.org/10.1016/S1572-347X(05)80029-1.</ref>

Now a days, a variety of commercial products like bathing soaps and shampoos are available. Normal healthy skin has a pH range of 5.4-5.9 and a normal bacterial flora. A study was carried out to evaluate the pH of different brands of bathing soaps and shampoos available in the market. It showed that majority of the soaps have a pH range of 9-10. Use of soap with high pH can cause an increase in dehydrative effect, irritability and alteration in bacterial flora. A soap with low pH might be useful to preserve skin health.  

Now a days, a variety of commercial products like bathing soaps and shampoos are available. Normal healthy skin has a pH range of 5.4-5.9 and a normal bacterial flora. A study was carried out to evaluate the pH of different brands of bathing soaps and shampoos available in the market. It showed that majority of the soaps have a pH range of 9-10.<ref>Tarun J, Susan J, Suria J, Susan VJ, Criton S. Evaluation of pH of Bathing Soaps and Shampoos for Skin and Hair Care. Indian J Dermatol. 2014;59(5):442-444. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.139861</ref> Use of soap with high pH can cause an increase in dehydrative effect, irritability and alteration in bacterial flora. A soap with low pH might be useful to preserve skin health.  

Therefore, in daily regimen, it is recommended to consider pH of bath soap, bathroom temperature and water temperature as per the body constitution to have maximum health benefits of bath.  

Therefore, in daily regimen, it is recommended to consider pH of bath soap, bathroom temperature and water temperature as per the body constitution to have maximum health benefits of bath.  

Daily application of oil on head (shiro abhyanga) promotes the growth of healthy and long hairs.It prevents the disorders of scalp and hairs.[Su. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 24/25]  

Daily application of oil on head (shiro abhyanga) promotes the growth of healthy and long hairs.It prevents the disorders of scalp and hairs.[Su. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 24/25]  

Various kinds of hair oils are available for promoting hair growth and also for specific conditions like dandruff, hair fall etc. Research studies are carried out to evaluate the effect of different oils like mineral oil, sunflower oil and coconut oil. These  oils are used as the bases in majority of the commercial hair oils. The observation in research shows that coconut oil reduced the protein loss remarkably when used as a pre-wash and post-wash grooming product, in comparison with other oils.  

Various kinds of hair oils are available for promoting hair growth and also for specific conditions like dandruff, hair fall etc. Research studies are carried out to evaluate the effect of different oils like mineral oil, sunflower oil and coconut oil. These  oils are used as the bases in majority of the commercial hair oils. The observation in research shows that coconut oil reduced the protein loss remarkably when used as a pre-wash and post-wash grooming product, in comparison with other oils.<ref>Rele AS, Mohile RB. Effect of mineral oil, sunflower oil, and coconut oil on prevention of hair damage. Journal of Cosmetic Science. 2003 Mar-Apr;54(2):175-192</ref>

In modern era, shampoos, conditioners, hair straightening products, hair dyes and henna are used for hair care. But the chemical contents in these products can cause various kinds of side effects including allergy, contact dermatitis etc.Judicious use of these products as per the suitability of person is recommended to prevent diseases.  

In modern era, shampoos, conditioners, hair straightening products, hair dyes and henna are used for hair care. But the chemical contents in these products can cause various kinds of side effects including allergy, contact dermatitis etc.<ref>Gavazzoni Dias MF. Hair cosmetics: an overview. Int J Trichology. 2015;7(1):2-15. doi:10.4103/0974-7753.153450</ref>Judicious use of these products as per the suitability of person is recommended to prevent diseases.  

Daily combing of hair (kesha prasadana) and covering of hair with some kind of cloth (ushneesha) is advised to keep the hair healthy and clean. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/29, 75]

Daily combing of hair (kesha prasadana) and covering of hair with some kind of cloth (ushneesha) is advised to keep the hair healthy and clean. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/29, 75]