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|label1 = Section/Chapter/topic

|label1 = Section/Chapter/topic

|data1 = [[Contemporary practices]] / [[Dinacharya]]

|data1 = [[Health]] / [[Dinacharya]]

|label2 = Authors

|label2 = Authors

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==The sequence of activities==

==The sequence of activities==

 

The sequence of daily activities is as follows:

The sequence of daily activities is as follows:

These procedures are aimed specifically at preserving health of sense organs. It makes the person more productive and improves the quality of life.  

These procedures are aimed specifically at preserving health of sense organs. It makes the person more productive and improves the quality of life.  

 

== Wake up in early morning==

== Wake up in early morning==

 

The first step of setting a daily routine is fixing a proper time to wake up in the morning. It helps to maintain the natural circadian rhythm.The recommended time to wake up is about 45 minutes to 1 hour before sunrise, known as "brahma muhurta". It is the best time to start the daily activities and has many positive benefits on physical and mental health [ A. S. Sutra Sthana 3/2].  

The first step of setting a daily routine is fixing a proper time to wake up in the morning. It helps to maintain the natural circadian rhythm.The recommended time to wake up is about 45 minutes to 1 hour before sunrise, known as "brahma muhurta". It is the best time to start the daily activities and has many positive benefits on physical and mental health [ A. S. Sutra Sthana 3/2].  

In a study assessing the relationship between physical activity and daily lifestyle habits it was observed that early waking time has significant positive correlations with children's physical activity level.  Studies have shown that late wake-up time was associated with an unfavorable activity and weight status profile.  Another study regarding self-reported health status, using evening and morning lateness scales (E and M) of the sleep-wake pattern indicates that healthier respondents prefer earlier wake-up times.  

In a study assessing the relationship between physical activity and daily lifestyle habits it was observed that early waking time has significant positive correlations with children's physical activity level.  Studies have shown that late wake-up time was associated with an unfavorable activity and weight status profile.  Another study regarding self-reported health status, using evening and morning lateness scales (E and M) of the sleep-wake pattern indicates that healthier respondents prefer earlier wake-up times.  

==Gut hygiene(shaucha vidhi)==  

==Gut hygiene(shaucha vidhi)==  

 

On waking up, the first activity should be micturition and defecation because this process cleans the metabolic wastes (mala) accumulated in body during night. The urge to defecate in the morning is indicator of good digestive health and gut motility. The time, frequency, and duration of defecation are assessed clinically for examination of quality of digestion (agni) and gut pattern (koshtha).Frequent and long-time suppression of urge of defecation and urination can cause serious disorders.[Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 7/3-6]  

On waking up, the first activity should be micturition and defecation because this process cleans the metabolic wastes (mala) accumulated in body during night. The urge to defecate in the morning is indicator of good digestive health and gut motility. The time, frequency, and duration of defecation are assessed clinically for examination of quality of digestion (agni) and gut pattern (koshtha).Frequent and long-time suppression of urge of defecation and urination can cause serious disorders.[Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 7/3-6]  

A survey study regarding bowel habits indicates that the most common bowel habit of once daily was a minority practice in both sexes in the modern era. A regular 24-hour cycle was apparent in only 40% of men and 33% of women. But the most common time in which defecation occurs is the early morning itself.   

A survey study regarding bowel habits indicates that the most common bowel habit of once daily was a minority practice in both sexes in the modern era. A regular 24-hour cycle was apparent in only 40% of men and 33% of women. But the most common time in which defecation occurs is the early morning itself.   

 

== Oral hygiene ==

== Oral hygiene ==

Oral cavity is an important body orifice for the entry of food and water. Oral hygiene is important in gustatory sensation, initial digestion stages, and proper food passage to the stomach. It is also crucial in its social aspect in the context of verbal communication.

Oral cavity is an important body orifice for the entry of food and water. Oral hygiene is important in gustatory sensation, initial digestion stages, and proper food passage to the stomach. It is also crucial in its social aspect in the context of verbal communication.

e)chewing of betel leaf (tambula) and mouth fresheners  

e)chewing of betel leaf (tambula) and mouth fresheners  

 

===Brushing teeth(dantapavana)===

===Brushing teeth(dantapavana)===

 

Chewing of herbal stems, 9 inches long and girth equal to little finger, is recommended for cleansing effect on teeth. [A.Hr.Sutra Sthana 2/2-3]  It is comparable with the brushing of teeth with specially designed toothbrushes in the modern era. Teeth shall be cleaned after waking up in the morning, taking food, and before sleep. [A.Hr.Sutra Shana 2/2], [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 5/71]

Chewing of herbal stems, 9 inches long and girth equal to little finger, is recommended for cleansing effect on teeth. [A.Hr.Sutra Sthana 2/2-3]  It is comparable with the brushing of teeth with specially designed toothbrushes in the modern era. Teeth shall be cleaned after waking up in the morning, taking food, and before sleep. [A.Hr.Sutra Shana 2/2], [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 5/71]

The sense organs like eye, ear, nose and skin are also protected by various measures in daily routine.

The sense organs like eye, ear, nose and skin are also protected by various measures in daily routine.

==Eye care==

==Eye care==

 

*'''Eye wash (netra prakshalana)'''

*'''Eye wash (netra prakshalana)'''

Washing eyes with decoction of Symplocos racemosa (lodhra), or Emblica officinalis (amalaki) or with cold water helps in maintaining the constant clear vision. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/15]

Washing eyes with decoction of Symplocos racemosa (lodhra), or Emblica officinalis (amalaki) or with cold water helps in maintaining the constant clear vision. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/15]

As per the foot reflexology, eye points are located on the undersides of second and third toes. The pressure effect on these points during oil massage can promote the health of eye and relieve the signs and symptoms of eye disorders.

As per the foot reflexology, eye points are located on the undersides of second and third toes. The pressure effect on these points during oil massage can promote the health of eye and relieve the signs and symptoms of eye disorders.

 

=== Nasal application  (nasya) ===

=== Nasal application  (nasya) ===

Nasal cavity is directly connected with with the sensorineural structures of brain. The medicated oil applied through nasal cavity reaches to "Shringataka marma" (cavernous sinus), which is the seat of all the centres of vision, hearing, smell, and taste. The most important oil preparation recommended for nasal instillation is "anu taila." [ Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 5/56-63].

Nasal cavity is directly connected with with the sensorineural structures of brain. The medicated oil applied through nasal cavity reaches to "Shringataka marma" (cavernous sinus), which is the seat of all the centres of vision, hearing, smell, and taste. The most important oil preparation recommended for nasal instillation is "anu taila." [ Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 5/56-63].

Nowadays, this procedure is practiced only for therapeutic purposes and not as daily practice.

Nowadays, this procedure is practiced only for therapeutic purposes and not as daily practice.

 

== Skin care ==

== Skin care ==

===Oil application and massaging (abhyanga)===

===Oil application and massaging (abhyanga)===

Daily application of oil on body and massaging is recommended for promoting the skin health. It energizes the body, promotes youthful appearance, and good physique. It is good for nourishment of body and improves quality of sleep. [A. Hr. Sutra Sthana 2/8]  

Daily application of oil on body and massaging is recommended for promoting the skin health. It energizes the body, promotes youthful appearance, and good physique. It is good for nourishment of body and improves quality of sleep. [A. Hr. Sutra Sthana 2/8]  

Udvartana effectively mobilizes the stored fat by liquefying it, making it easily available for disposal from the system. The therapeutic efficacy of this procedure has been proven in conditions like obesity , dyslipidaemia.

Udvartana effectively mobilizes the stored fat by liquefying it, making it easily available for disposal from the system. The therapeutic efficacy of this procedure has been proven in conditions like obesity , dyslipidaemia.

 

== Exercise (vyayama) ==

== Exercise (vyayama) ==

Well co-ordinated and balanced movements are included in execrcise (vyayama). Regular exercise renders body light and efficient in activities, improves digestive power and wanes obesity. Healthy individuals, who are habituated to fat rich diet should routinely practice exercise especially during winter and spring seasons. In other seasons, it can be performed moderately. [A. Hr. Sutra Sthana 2/11-13]  

Well co-ordinated and balanced movements are included in execrcise (vyayama). Regular exercise renders body light and efficient in activities, improves digestive power and wanes obesity. Healthy individuals, who are habituated to fat rich diet should routinely practice exercise especially during winter and spring seasons. In other seasons, it can be performed moderately. [A. Hr. Sutra Sthana 2/11-13]  

After exercise it is recommended to massage the entire body comfortably. [A. Hr. Sutra Sthana 2/13]

After exercise it is recommended to massage the entire body comfortably. [A. Hr. Sutra Sthana 2/13]

 

== Bath (snana) ==

== Bath (snana) ==

Daily bath is advised for preservation of overall health. It not only removes toxins from skin, but also relaxes and rejuvenates mind. It is the foremost measure to reduce fatigue. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 25/40]

Daily bath is advised for preservation of overall health. It not only removes toxins from skin, but also relaxes and rejuvenates mind. It is the foremost measure to reduce fatigue. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 25/40]

   

   

The sequence of massage, exercise and bath is adjusted suitably as per the need of the individual.

The sequence of massage, exercise and bath is adjusted suitably as per the need of the individual.

 

== Importance of diet==

== Importance of diet==

The food shall be taken only when the person is hungry and after complete digestion of previous meals. It should be taken at a frequency of twice a day. Frequent eating is not recommended. [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra 34/ 75]  

The food shall be taken only when the person is hungry and after complete digestion of previous meals. It should be taken at a frequency of twice a day. Frequent eating is not recommended. [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra 34/ 75]  

Specific dietetic rules and eating habits (ahara vidhi) are described for preservation of health. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/21-25]

Specific dietetic rules and eating habits (ahara vidhi) are described for preservation of health. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/21-25]

 

==Social and occupational health==

==Social and occupational health==

Ideal code of conduct in social life and professional life (sadvritta) is recommended for preventing exogenous disorders. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 8/25]

Ideal code of conduct in social life and professional life (sadvritta) is recommended for preventing exogenous disorders. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 8/25]

The impact of psychological, behavioural and cognitive factors on health is an area of great scope for research.

The impact of psychological, behavioural and cognitive factors on health is an area of great scope for research.

 

== Sleep ==  

== Sleep ==  

Sleep (nidra) is recommended in proper quantity and at proper time. The quantity of sleep for an individual depends upon his basic physiological needs and other conditions such as age, body constitution, occupation etc. Appropriate sleep leads to happiness, nourishment, strength, fertility, knowledge and longevity. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 21/30]  

Sleep (nidra) is recommended in proper quantity and at proper time. The quantity of sleep for an individual depends upon his basic physiological needs and other conditions such as age, body constitution, occupation etc. Appropriate sleep leads to happiness, nourishment, strength, fertility, knowledge and longevity. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 21/30]  

Daily regimen includes various procedures to be followed for preservation of health of various body parts. The time of waking up, taking meals, professional activities, and sleep shall be regular to maintain equilibrium inside body. All the procedures and observation of code of conduct is beneficial for preservation of mental health and spiritual health, too. The procedures impart cosmetic, anti-ageing and longevity benefits. Appropriate observation of daily regimen can prevent variety of lifestyle disorders and reduce global burden of disease significantly.   

Daily regimen includes various procedures to be followed for preservation of health of various body parts. The time of waking up, taking meals, professional activities, and sleep shall be regular to maintain equilibrium inside body. All the procedures and observation of code of conduct is beneficial for preservation of mental health and spiritual health, too. The procedures impart cosmetic, anti-ageing and longevity benefits. Appropriate observation of daily regimen can prevent variety of lifestyle disorders and reduce global burden of disease significantly.   

 

==References==

==References==