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|title=Contraceptives

|title=Contraceptives

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<p style='text-align:justify;'>Contraception means the prevention of pregnancy by interfering with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, or implantation. The intentional prevention of conception is achieved by the use of various devices, sexual practices, chemicals, drugs or surgical procedures.<ref>Jain R, Muralidhar S. Contraceptive methods: needs, options and utilization. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2011;61(6):626-634. doi:10.1007/s13224-011-0107-7</ref> This is an important measure for population control.  

Contraception means the prevention of pregnancy by interfering with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, or implantation. The intentional prevention of conception is achieved by the use of various devices, sexual practices, chemicals, drugs or surgical procedures.<ref>Jain R, Muralidhar S. Contraceptive methods: needs, options and utilization. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2011;61(6):626-634. doi:10.1007/s13224-011-0107-7</ref> This is an important measure for population control.  

 

The literature suggests that contraception has been available from ancient times. The major texts of Ayurveda like Charak Samhita, Sushruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya describe natural methods of contraception. The ancient Indian epics like Garuda purana (1000 BC), Bruhadaranyaka Upanishad (700 BC), Atharva veda (1000–900 BCE), Ayurveda texts like Rasa ratna  samuchhaya  (1400 A.D.), Bhavaprakasha  (1600 A.D.), Yogaratnakara (1600 A.D.), and Bhaishajya Ratnavali  (1900 A.D.) describe additional contraceptive options in the form of oral and local contraceptives practiced at the respective times.

The literature suggests that contraception has been available from ancient times. The major texts of Ayurveda like Charak Samhita, Sushruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya describe natural methods of contraception. The ancient Indian epics like Garuda purana (1000 BC), Bruhadaranyaka Upanishad (700 BC), Atharva veda (1000–900 BCE), Ayurveda texts like Rasa ratna  samuchhaya  (1400 A.D.), Bhavaprakasha  (1600 A.D.), Yogaratnakara (1600 A.D.), and Bhaishajya Ratnavali  (1900 A.D.) describe additional contraceptive options in the form of oral and local contraceptives practiced at the respective times.

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|data6 = carakasamhita@gmail.com

|data6 = carakasamhita@gmail.com

|label7 = Date of first publication:

|label7 = Publisher

|data7 = January 18, 2021

|label8 = DOI

 

|data8 =  

|label8 = Date of first publication:

|data8 = January 18, 2021

 

|label9 = DOI

|data9 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2021.e01.s09.041 10.47468/CSNE.2021.e01.s09.041]

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== Ideal contraceptive: ==

== Ideal contraceptive ==

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An ideal contraceptive method should be widely acceptable, inexpensive, simple to use, safe and effective. It should require minimal motivation, maintenance and supervision.  

An ideal contraceptive method should be widely acceptable, inexpensive, simple to use, safe and effective. It should require minimal motivation, maintenance and supervision.  

*“Praneem”, a purified extract from the dried seeds of Azadirachta indica (Neem), extract from the pericarp of fruits of Sapindus species and quinine hydrochloride, showed contraceptive efficacy in rabbits and monkeys after intra vaginal application. Precoital application of the cream provided complete protection against pregnancy in rabbits in the 1st 30 minutes after application. The conception rate was acceptable at 60 minutes (7%), but thereafter it climbed to unacceptable levels (28.6% at 90 minutes and 75% at 12 hours).<ref>Garg S, Taluja V, Upadhyay SN, Talwar GP , Studies on the contraceptive efficacy of Praneem polyherbal cream, Contraception, 1993 Dec;48(6):591-6</ref>

*“Praneem”, a purified extract from the dried seeds of Azadirachta indica (Neem), extract from the pericarp of fruits of Sapindus species and quinine hydrochloride, showed contraceptive efficacy in rabbits and monkeys after intra vaginal application. Precoital application of the cream provided complete protection against pregnancy in rabbits in the 1st 30 minutes after application. The conception rate was acceptable at 60 minutes (7%), but thereafter it climbed to unacceptable levels (28.6% at 90 minutes and 75% at 12 hours).<ref>Garg S, Taluja V, Upadhyay SN, Talwar GP , Studies on the contraceptive efficacy of Praneem polyherbal cream, Contraception, 1993 Dec;48(6):591-6</ref>

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==References==

==References==