Administrators, Editors, Bots, Bureaucrats, Charaksamhita, Moderators (CommentStreams), Interface administrators, Administrators
10,100
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 3:
Line 3: − + − + Line 52:
Line 52: − + + + Line 90:
Line 92: − ==== Complications of ''basti'' ====+ Line 121:
Line 123: − ==== Complication of ''ayoga'' (insufficience effect) ====+ Line 186:
Line 188: − ===== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''basti'' complication-''ayoga'' =====+ − ====== Condition of patient which can cause ''ayoga'' type of ''basti'' complication ======+ Line 196:
Line 198: − ====== Qualities of ''basti'' which can cause ''ayoga'' type of ''basti''complication ======+ Line 205:
Line 207: − ====== Signs and symptoms of ''ayoga'' ======+ Line 229:
Line 231: − ===== Preparation of ''basti'' =====+ Line 235:
Line 237: − ==== Complication of ''atiyoga'' (excess effect) ====+ Line 276:
Line 278: − ===== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''basti'' complication-''atiyoga'' =====+ Line 288:
Line 290: − ===== Management =====+ − ===== ''Basti'' preparation =====+ − ==== Complication of fatigue without exertion ====+ Line 375:
Line 377: − ===== Signs and symptoms seen in ''basti'' complication - ''klama'' =====+ Line 384:
Line 386: − ===== Management of ''klama'' =====+ Line 390:
Line 392: − ====== Method of preparation of ''sruta'' ======+ Line 412:
Line 414: − ==== Complication of ''adhmana''(distension of abdomen) ====+ Line 489:
Line 491: − ===== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''basti'' complication - ''adhmana'' (distension of abdomen) =====+ Line 499:
Line 501: − ===== Management =====+ Line 513:
Line 515: − ==== Complication of ''hikka'' (hiccups) ====+ Line 554:
Line 556: − ===== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''basti vyapat - hikka'' =====+ Line 563:
Line 565: − ==== Complication due to ''basti'' afflicting the heart ====+ Line 592:
Line 594: − ===== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''basti'' complication - ''hritprapti'' =====+ Line 599:
Line 601: − ===== Management =====+ − ==== Complications due to ''basti'' reaching oesophagus ====+ Line 705:
Line 707: − ===== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''basti'' complication - ''urdhvagamana'' =====+ Line 711:
Line 713: − ===== Management =====+ Line 726:
Line 728: − ==== Complication of ''pravahika'' (dysentery) due to ''basti'' ====+ Line 767:
Line 769: − ===== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''pravahika'', a ''basti'' complication =====+ Line 777:
Line 779: − ===== Management =====+ Line 787:
Line 789: − ==== Complication of ''shiro-arti'' (headache) ====+ Line 840:
Line 842: − ===== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''shiro-arti basti'' complication =====+ Line 846:
Line 848: − ====== Signs & symptoms ======+ Line 855:
Line 857: − ===== Management =====+ Line 862:
Line 864: − ==== Complication of ''anga-arti'' (body-ache) ====+ Line 953:
Line 955: − ===== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''angarti basti'' complication =====+ Line 971:
Line 973: − ===== Management =====+ Line 977:
Line 979: − ==== Complication of ''parikartika'' (fissure in ano) ====+ Line 1,030:
Line 1,032: − ===== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''parikartika basti'' complication =====+ − ====== Clinical manifestations ======+ − ====== Management ======+ Line 1,045:
Line 1,047: − ==== Complication of ''paristrava'' (oozing through anus) ====+ Line 1,110:
Line 1,112: − ===== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''parisrava'' (rectal oozing), a ''basti'' complication =====+ − ====== Management ======+ Line 1,138:
Line 1,140: − ==== Overall cleansing effect of ''basti'' ====+ Line 1,176:
Line 1,178: − ==== Summary ====+ Line 1,239:
Line 1,241: − ==== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''basti'' complication-''ayoga'' ====+ − ===== Poor response due to quality of ''bastidravya'' =====+ Line 1,250:
Line 1,252: − ===== Poor response due to patient condition =====+ Line 1,257:
Line 1,259: − ==== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''basti'' complication-''atiyoga'' ====+ Line 1,263:
Line 1,265: − ====== Management ======+ Line 1,295:
Line 1,297: − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − ##ibid - − {|class = "wikitable" − |- − !scope = "col"|Sl No − !scope = "col"|Sanskrita Name − !scope = "col"|Diacritical-Roman − !scope = "col"|English Meaning − |- − |1 − |बस्तिव्यापत्सिद्धि − |bastivyāpatsiddhiṁ − |the management of complications of ''basti'' − |- − |2 − |धी − |Dhī − |Intelligence − |- − |3 − |धैर्य − |Dhairya − |Courage − |- − |4 − |औदार्य − |Audārya − |Generosity − |- − |5 − |गाम्भीर्य − |Gāmbhīrya − |Dignity − |- − |6 − |दम − |Dama − |Self disciplined − |- − |7 − |क्षमा − |kṣamā − |Forgiveness − |- − |8 − |तप − |Tapa − |Dedicated learning − |- − |9 − |काः व्यापदा: − |kāḥ vyāpadah − |What are the complications? − |- − |10 − |कति व्यापद: − |kati vyāpada: − |How many complications? − |- − |11 − |पप्रच्छ − |Papraccha − |Asked − |- − |12 − |किंसमुत्थान − |kiṁsamutthāna − |What is the reason? − |- − |13 − |किं लक्षणाः − |kiṁ lakṣaṇāḥ − |What are the signs & symptoms? − |- − |14 − |का चिकित्सा − |kā cikitsā − |What is the treatment? − |- − |15 − |क्लम − |Klama − |Fatigue − |- − |16 − |आध्मान − |Ādhmāna − |Abdominal distension − |- − |17 − |हृत्प्राप्ति − |Hr̥tprāpti − |Attaining heart. In this context reaching epigastric region may be appropriate − |- − |18 − |उर्ध्वता − |Urdhvatā − |tending upwards − |- − |19 − |प्रवाहिका − |Pravāhikā − |Continuous feeling of bowel evacuation − |- − |20 − |परिकर्तः − |Parikartaḥ − |sharp shooting pain − |- − |21 − |परिस्रवः − |Parisravaḥ − |morbid state ascribed to the overflowing of the moistures of the body ib. − |- − |22 − |गुरुकोष्ठ − |Gurukōṣṭha − |heaviness of abdomen − |- − |23 − |हृल्लेपं − |Hr̥llēpaṁ − |Heaviness in cardiac region − |- − |24 − |प्रमथ्या − |Pramathyā − |a kind of paste or dough prepared by boiling any medicinal substance in water − |- − |25 − |पक्वलोष्टस्य प्रसाद − |Pakvalōṣṭasya prasāda − |supernatant water taken after heated earthen pot pieces were dipped in a vessel containing water − |- − |26 − |आमशेषे − |āmaśēṣē − |remnant of undigested material − |- − |27 − |मूर्च्छयति − |Mūrcchayati − |Loss of consciousness − |- − |28 − |हृच्छूलं − |hr̥cchūlaṁ − |pain the region of heart − |- − |29 − |मोह − |mōha − |Delusion of mind − |- − |30 − |वेष्टन − |vēṣṭana − |Colic Pain − |- − |31 − |चेत: धावति − |cēta: dhāvati − |restlessness of mind − |- − |32 − |अमरदारु − |Amaradāru − |Devadaru − |- − |33 − |क्रूराशय − |Krūrāśaya − |one whose bowels are torpid or costive − |- − |34 − |आगारधूम − |Āgāradhūma − |Collection out so smoke in kitchen chimneys − |- − |35 − |हिक्काघ्नं − |hikkāghnaṁ − |hic-cough suppressant therapy − |- − |36 − |अक्षं − |akṣaṁ − |12gms − |- − |37 − |वातनुत् − |Vātanut − |Pacify vatadosha − |- − |38 − |मर्मपीडनम् − |marmapīḍanam − |pain in vital parts − |- − |39 − |घट्टयेद्धृदयं − |ghaṭṭayēddhr̥dayaṁ − |epigastric discomfort − |- − |40 − |उल्का − |Ulkā − |a fiery meteor − |- − |41 − |बाधिर्यं − |bādhiryaṁ − |Deafness − |- − |42 − |कर्णनादं − |karṇanādaṁ − |Tinnitus − |- − |43 − |पीनसं − |pīnasaṁ − |Rhinorrhoea − |- − |44 − |नेत्रविभ्रमम् − |Nētravibhramam − |whirling /rolling of eye − |- − |45 − |गात्रवेष्टन − |gātravēṣṭana − |somatic pain − |- − |46 − |तोद − |Tōda − |pricking pain − |- − |47 − |भेद − |bhēda − |piercing type of pain − |- − |48 − |स्फुरण − |sphuraṇa − |Fasciculations − |- − |49 − |जृम्भण − |jr̥mbhaṇa − |Yawning − |- − |50 − |विबन्ध − |Vibandha − |Constipation − |- − |51 − |आकृति − |ākr̥ti − |Symptom/shape − |} − === References ===+
no edit summary
|titlemode=append
|titlemode=append
|keywords=Basti vyapat, ayoga, atiyoga, mithyayoga, klama, adhamana, hikka, hritprapti, urdhvata, pravahika, siroarti, angaarti, parikartika, parisrava, complications of basti
|keywords=Basti vyapat, ayoga, atiyoga, mithyayoga, klama, adhamana, hikka, hritprapti, urdhvata, pravahika, siroarti, angaarti, parikartika, parisrava, complications of basti
|description=Siddhi Sthana Chapter 7. Management of complications of Basti (therapeutic enema)
|description=Siddhi Sthana Chapter 7. Management of complications of therapeutic enema
}}
}}
<big>'''[[Siddhi Sthana]] Chapter 7. Management of complications of ''Basti'' (therapeutic enema)'''</big>
<big>'''[[Siddhi Sthana]] Chapter 7. Management of complications of therapeutic enema'''</big>
<big>''' Abstract </big>'''
<big>''' Abstract </big>'''
</div></div>
</div></div>
Now I will expound the management of complications of faulty administration of ''basti'' (trans-rectal drug administration in the form of enema). Thus said Lord Atreya [1-2]
Now we shall expound the chapter "Bastivyapat Siddhi" (Management of complications of therapeutic enema). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]
Note: The term "basti" refers to therapeutic enema including trans-rectal drug administration.
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
In response to request by disciples Punarvasu explained: [3-4]
In response to request by disciples Punarvasu explained: [3-4]
=== Complications of ''basti'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
There are twelve complications of ''basti'' administration viz. ''ayoga, atiyoga, klama, adhamana, hikka, hritprapti, urdhvata, pravahika, siroarti, angaarti, parikartika, parisrava''. ''Atiyoga, ayoga'' and ''mithyayoga'' are the mechanisims of manifestations of these complications. The clinical manifestation and the management of each condition will be explained to you: [5-6]
There are twelve complications of ''basti'' administration viz. ''ayoga, atiyoga, klama, adhamana, hikka, hritprapti, urdhvata, pravahika, siroarti, angaarti, parikartika, parisrava''. ''Atiyoga, ayoga'' and ''mithyayoga'' are the mechanisims of manifestations of these complications. The clinical manifestation and the management of each condition will be explained to you: [5-6]
=== Complication of ''ayoga'' (insufficience effect) ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
</div></div>
</div></div>
==== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''basti'' complication-''ayoga'' ====
When ''basti'' having following mentioned qualities administered in patients with conditions mentioned below (any one or in combinations) result in ''ayoga'' type of ''basti'' complication (insufficient effect or no effect). ''Basti dravya'' of less potency cannot eliminate ''doshas'' and the remnant vitiated ''doshas'' lead to ''ayoga''.
When ''basti'' having following mentioned qualities administered in patients with conditions mentioned below (any one or in combinations) result in ''ayoga'' type of ''basti'' complication (insufficient effect or no effect). ''Basti dravya'' of less potency cannot eliminate ''doshas'' and the remnant vitiated ''doshas'' lead to ''ayoga''.
==== Condition of patient which can cause ''ayoga'' type of ''basti'' complication ====
*''Guru kostha'' (hard bowel)
*''Guru kostha'' (hard bowel)
*''Vata'' predominance
*''Vata'' predominance
==== Qualities of ''basti'' which can cause ''ayoga'' type of ''basti''complication ====
*Processed out of ''sheetaguna'' (cold potency) drugs
*Processed out of ''sheetaguna'' (cold potency) drugs
*Overall insufficient dose
*Overall insufficient dose
==== Signs and symptoms of ''ayoga'' ====
*Heaviness of abdomen
*Heaviness of abdomen
*Administration of ''basti'' prepared as mentioned below relieves ''vibaddha'' (obstruction) caused due to the ''ayoga'' of ''basti''.
*Administration of ''basti'' prepared as mentioned below relieves ''vibaddha'' (obstruction) caused due to the ''ayoga'' of ''basti''.
==== Preparation of ''basti'' ====
''Kashaya'' (decoction) of ''dravya - bilva mula'' (roots of Aegle marmelos Corr.), ''trivrit'' (Operculina turpethum (Linn.) silva manso.), ''daru''- (''Devadaru'') (Cedrus deodara ( Roxb.) Loud), ''kola'' (Zyzyphus jujuba Lam.), ''kulattha'' (Vigna unquiculata (Linn.) Walp.);
''Kashaya'' (decoction) of ''dravya - bilva mula'' (roots of Aegle marmelos Corr.), ''trivrit'' (Operculina turpethum (Linn.) silva manso.), ''daru''- (''Devadaru'') (Cedrus deodara ( Roxb.) Loud), ''kola'' (Zyzyphus jujuba Lam.), ''kulattha'' (Vigna unquiculata (Linn.) Walp.);
''kalka'' (paste) of ''dravya'' – as explained in [[Bastisutriyam Siddhi]] chapter i.e. ''yavani'' (Trachyspermum ammi Linn. Sprague ex Turril.), ''madanaphala'' (fruits of Xeromphis spinosa (Thunb) Keay), ''bilva, kustha'' ((Saussurea lappa CB. Clarke)), ''vacha'' (Acorus calamus Linn), ''shatahva'' (Anethum sowa Roxb.ex Flem), ''ghana-'' must) Cyperus rotundus Linn., ''pippali'' Piper longum Linn - each ingredient one ''karsha''; added with ''sura'' etc i.e. ''souveeraka, tushodaka'' etc., and ''gomutra'' (Cow urine). [7-11]
''kalka'' (paste) of ''dravya'' – as explained in [[Bastisutriyam Siddhi]] chapter i.e. ''yavani'' (Trachyspermum ammi Linn. Sprague ex Turril.), ''madanaphala'' (fruits of Xeromphis spinosa (Thunb) Keay), ''bilva, kustha'' ((Saussurea lappa CB. Clarke)), ''vacha'' (Acorus calamus Linn), ''shatahva'' (Anethum sowa Roxb.ex Flem), ''ghana-'' must) Cyperus rotundus Linn., ''pippali'' Piper longum Linn - each ingredient one ''karsha''; added with ''sura'' etc i.e. ''souveeraka, tushodaka'' etc., and ''gomutra'' (Cow urine). [7-11]
=== Complication of ''atiyoga'' (excess effect) ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
</div></div>
</div></div>
==== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''basti'' complication-''atiyoga'' ====
''Atiyoga'' complication will occur when ''basti'' prepared out of drugs possessing ''ushna'' (hot potency) and ''teekshna'' (sharply acting/penetrating) property administered in patients of ''mridukostha'' (soft bowel) who had undergone ''sneha'' and ''sweda''.
''Atiyoga'' complication will occur when ''basti'' prepared out of drugs possessing ''ushna'' (hot potency) and ''teekshna'' (sharply acting/penetrating) property administered in patients of ''mridukostha'' (soft bowel) who had undergone ''sneha'' and ''sweda''.
*''Trishna'' (thirst)
*''Trishna'' (thirst)
==== Management ====
''Basti'' prepared as mentioned below is to be administered along with ''ghrita'' (ghee) which relieves burning caused by ''atiyoga''.
''Basti'' prepared as mentioned below is to be administered along with ''ghrita'' (ghee) which relieves burning caused by ''atiyoga''.
==== ''Basti'' preparation ====
''Kalka'' made of ''prisniparni'' (Uraria picta Desv)., ''sthira –shaliparni'' –(Desmodium gangeticum DC.), ''padma -kamala'' – (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn), ''kashmarya - gambhari'' –(Gmelina arborea Roxb), ''madhuka –yastimadhu'' (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn), ''bala'' (Sida cordifolia Linn.), ''draksha'' (Vitis vinifera Linn.), ''madhuka'' (Madhuca indica J.F.Gmel) add this ''kalka'' to ''ksheera'' (milk), ''tandulodaka'' (washed rice water), ''draksha prasada'' (i.e. ''sheeta kashaya''), ''pakvalostra prasada'' (supernatant water taken after heated earthen pot pieces were dipped in a vessel containing water), ''yastimadhu prasada'' (i.e.''sheeta kashaya'').[12-14]
''Kalka'' made of ''prisniparni'' (Uraria picta Desv)., ''sthira –shaliparni'' –(Desmodium gangeticum DC.), ''padma -kamala'' – (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn), ''kashmarya - gambhari'' –(Gmelina arborea Roxb), ''madhuka –yastimadhu'' (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn), ''bala'' (Sida cordifolia Linn.), ''draksha'' (Vitis vinifera Linn.), ''madhuka'' (Madhuca indica J.F.Gmel) add this ''kalka'' to ''ksheera'' (milk), ''tandulodaka'' (washed rice water), ''draksha prasada'' (i.e. ''sheeta kashaya''), ''pakvalostra prasada'' (supernatant water taken after heated earthen pot pieces were dipped in a vessel containing water), ''yastimadhu prasada'' (i.e.''sheeta kashaya'').[12-14]
=== Complication of fatigue without exertion ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
Etiology clinical manifestation and management of ''basti'' complication - ''klama'' (fatigue): In ''amashesha'' (remnant of ''ama''- undigested material) condition, ''mridu'' type of ''niruha basti'' (transrectal administration of non-unctuous formulation) is administered, ''doshas'' (''pitta, kapha'' along with ''ama'') gets vitiated and leads to obstruction of ''marga'' (''srotas''), resulting in ''vata'' aggravation and ''agni'' impairement.
Etiology clinical manifestation and management of ''basti'' complication - ''klama'' (fatigue): In ''amashesha'' (remnant of ''ama''- undigested material) condition, ''mridu'' type of ''niruha basti'' (transrectal administration of non-unctuous formulation) is administered, ''doshas'' (''pitta, kapha'' along with ''ama'') gets vitiated and leads to obstruction of ''marga'' (''srotas''), resulting in ''vata'' aggravation and ''agni'' impairement.
==== Signs and symptoms seen in ''basti'' complication - ''klama'' ====
*''Klama'' (fatigue)
*''Klama'' (fatigue)
*''Veshtana'' (colic)
*''Veshtana'' (colic)
==== Management of ''klama'' ====
*''Rukshasveda'' (dry fomentation)
*''Rukshasveda'' (dry fomentation)
*''Shruta'' (decoction) prepared as mentioned below
*''Shruta'' (decoction) prepared as mentioned below
==== Method of preparation of ''sruta'' ====
Decoction prepared with ''pippali'' (Piper longum Linn.), ''katrina'' (Cymbopogon schoenanthus Linn.), ''ushira'' (Andropogon muricatus Retz.), ''devadaru'' (Cedrus deodara Roxb.Loud), ''murva'' (Marsdenia tenacissima W.& A.) and added with ''souvarchala lavana''. This ''shruta'' acts as ''dipana'' and ''hritshodhana''.
Decoction prepared with ''pippali'' (Piper longum Linn.), ''katrina'' (Cymbopogon schoenanthus Linn.), ''ushira'' (Andropogon muricatus Retz.), ''devadaru'' (Cedrus deodara Roxb.Loud), ''murva'' (Marsdenia tenacissima W.& A.) and added with ''souvarchala lavana''. This ''shruta'' acts as ''dipana'' and ''hritshodhana''.
Or administer ''Madhutailikabasti'' - added with ''gomutra'' and sufficient quantity of salt.[15-20]
Or administer ''Madhutailikabasti'' - added with ''gomutra'' and sufficient quantity of salt.[15-20]
=== Complication of ''adhmana''(distension of abdomen) ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
</div></div>
</div></div>
==== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''basti'' complication - ''adhmana'' (distension of abdomen) ====
When ''basti'' compounded with drugs of less potency administered in patients having ''mahadosha, krurakostha, rukshasharira,'' the ''basti dravya'' undergo ''avarana'' by ''dosha'' leading to ''margavarodha'' thus obstructs ''vata''. The ''vata'' undergo ''vimarga-gamana'' results in ''adhmana'' (bloating of abdomen) along with following signs and symptoms:
When ''basti'' compounded with drugs of less potency administered in patients having ''mahadosha, krurakostha, rukshasharira,'' the ''basti dravya'' undergo ''avarana'' by ''dosha'' leading to ''margavarodha'' thus obstructs ''vata''. The ''vata'' undergo ''vimarga-gamana'' results in ''adhmana'' (bloating of abdomen) along with following signs and symptoms:
*''Itacsha itacsha dhavati'' (restlessness)
*''Itacsha itacsha dhavati'' (restlessness)
==== Management ====
''Shyama'' etc. (''Trivrit'' -Operculina terpethum Silva mansa.), ''chaturangula –Aragvadha'' (Cassia fistula Linn.), ''tilvaka, Mahavriksha, saptala, shankhini, danti, dravanti'');
''Shyama'' etc. (''Trivrit'' -Operculina terpethum Silva mansa.), ''chaturangula –Aragvadha'' (Cassia fistula Linn.), ''tilvaka, Mahavriksha, saptala, shankhini, danti, dravanti'');
Similarly ''anuvasanabasti'' (transrectal administration of unctuous formulations) may be administered with ''taila'' prepared with drugs of ''sarala'' (Pinus longifolia Roxb.), and ''amaradaru'' (''Devadaru'' – Cedrus deodara Roxb.Loud.).[21-26]
Similarly ''anuvasanabasti'' (transrectal administration of unctuous formulations) may be administered with ''taila'' prepared with drugs of ''sarala'' (Pinus longifolia Roxb.), and ''amaradaru'' (''Devadaru'' – Cedrus deodara Roxb.Loud.).[21-26]
=== Complication of ''hikka'' (hiccups) ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
</div></div>
</div></div>
==== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''basti vyapat - hikka'' ====
''Hikka'' is resulted due to excessive elimination of ''doshas'' by ''basti. Doshas'' are eliminated in excess when ''basti'' having qualities of excessive ''tikshna'' (sharply acting/penetrating) qualities administered in a patient of ''mridu kostha'' and ''abala'' (persons of poor strength).
''Hikka'' is resulted due to excessive elimination of ''doshas'' by ''basti. Doshas'' are eliminated in excess when ''basti'' having qualities of excessive ''tikshna'' (sharply acting/penetrating) qualities administered in a patient of ''mridu kostha'' and ''abala'' (persons of poor strength).
*''Dhuma, avaleha, mamsarasa, ksheera, sveda'' and ''anna'' which are ''vatahara'' should be administered. [27-29]
*''Dhuma, avaleha, mamsarasa, ksheera, sveda'' and ''anna'' which are ''vatahara'' should be administered. [27-29]
=== Complication due to ''basti'' afflicting the heart ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
</div></div>
</div></div>
==== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''basti'' complication - ''hritprapti'' ====
When ''basti'' administered under following conditions leads to ''hritprapti'' (affliction of heart) and cause ''hridghatta'':
When ''basti'' administered under following conditions leads to ''hritprapti'' (affliction of heart) and cause ''hridghatta'':
*Administered without maintaining proper pressure (not properly compressed)
*Administered without maintaining proper pressure (not properly compressed)
==== Management ====
*In case of ''hritprapti, niruhabasti'' is to be administered with decoction prepared out of ''kasha'' (Saccharum spontaneum Linn.), ''kusha'' (Eragrostis cynosuroides Beaur.), ''utkata'' (Phragmites kirka Trin.), ''amla skandha'' (sour category) drugs , ''lavana skandha'' drugs(salt category) , ''karira'' (Capparis aphylla Rotz.), ''badaraphala'' (Zizyphus jujuba Lam.).
*In case of ''hritprapti, niruhabasti'' is to be administered with decoction prepared out of ''kasha'' (Saccharum spontaneum Linn.), ''kusha'' (Eragrostis cynosuroides Beaur.), ''utkata'' (Phragmites kirka Trin.), ''amla skandha'' (sour category) drugs , ''lavana skandha'' drugs(salt category) , ''karira'' (Capparis aphylla Rotz.), ''badaraphala'' (Zizyphus jujuba Lam.).
*''Anuvasanabasti'' may also be administered with medicines having ''vatahara'' property (like ''dashamula'' etc). [30-31]
*''Anuvasanabasti'' may also be administered with medicines having ''vatahara'' property (like ''dashamula'' etc). [30-31]
=== Complications due to ''basti'' reaching oesophagus ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
</div></div>
</div></div>
==== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''basti'' complication - ''urdhvagamana'' ====
''Basti dravya'' will be expelled from ''mukha'' (orally), after administration of ''basti'',
''Basti dravya'' will be expelled from ''mukha'' (orally), after administration of ''basti'',
*If administered with more pressure.
*If administered with more pressure.
==== Management ====
*Initially when ''murchha'' is seen, cold water sprinkling should be done on face.
*Initially when ''murchha'' is seen, cold water sprinkling should be done on face.
*If ''basti dravya'' stay in head, administer ''navana'' (nasal administration), ''dhuma'' (smoke therapy) and external application of ''sarshapa'' (Brassica campestris Var. ''sarson'' prain) paste on head. [32-39]
*If ''basti dravya'' stay in head, administer ''navana'' (nasal administration), ''dhuma'' (smoke therapy) and external application of ''sarshapa'' (Brassica campestris Var. ''sarson'' prain) paste on head. [32-39]
=== Complication of ''pravahika'' (dysentery) due to ''basti'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
</div></div>
</div></div>
==== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''pravahika'', a ''basti'' complication ====
''Pravahika'' occurs when patient of ''mahadosha'' (excessively vitiated ''dosha'') having undergone ''sneha'' (oleation) and ''sweda'' (sudation), administered with ''niruha basti'', prepared of drugs with ''mridu'' quality and in lower dose. In such conditions ''dosha'' undergo ''utklesha'' (exciting) and ''doshas'' are expelled in ''alpamatra'' (little quantity) thus result in ''pravahika'' (dysentery).
''Pravahika'' occurs when patient of ''mahadosha'' (excessively vitiated ''dosha'') having undergone ''sneha'' (oleation) and ''sweda'' (sudation), administered with ''niruha basti'', prepared of drugs with ''mridu'' quality and in lower dose. In such conditions ''dosha'' undergo ''utklesha'' (exciting) and ''doshas'' are expelled in ''alpamatra'' (little quantity) thus result in ''pravahika'' (dysentery).
*Increased frequency of bowels due to obstructed ''vata''
*Increased frequency of bowels due to obstructed ''vata''
==== Management ====
*''Abhyanga'' ( oil massage)
*''Abhyanga'' ( oil massage)
*Patient is to be advised to adopt ''vritti'' (specific diet regimen) i.e. ''peyadi krama'' /''samsarjanakarma'' (post ''virechana'' management as per ca.su.15/16). [40-42]
*Patient is to be advised to adopt ''vritti'' (specific diet regimen) i.e. ''peyadi krama'' /''samsarjanakarma'' (post ''virechana'' management as per ca.su.15/16). [40-42]
=== Complication of ''shiro-arti'' (headache) ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
</div></div>
</div></div>
==== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''shiro-arti basti'' complication ====
''Shiro-arti'' complication occurs when ''basti'' having qualities of ''tanu'' (not thick), ''mridu'' (mild), ''sheeta''(cold) quality and in less dose administered to patients of ''durbala'' (weak), ''krura koshtha''(hard bowel) and ''tivra dosha'' (severely vitiated ''dosha'').
''Shiro-arti'' complication occurs when ''basti'' having qualities of ''tanu'' (not thick), ''mridu'' (mild), ''sheeta''(cold) quality and in less dose administered to patients of ''durbala'' (weak), ''krura koshtha''(hard bowel) and ''tivra dosha'' (severely vitiated ''dosha'').
''Avarita dosha'' (covered/ obstructed ''dosha'') will further vitiate the agitated ''vata'' by ''niruha basti''. Vitiated ''vata'' will run in all directions in the body, especially upward and affect the head.
''Avarita dosha'' (covered/ obstructed ''dosha'') will further vitiate the agitated ''vata'' by ''niruha basti''. Vitiated ''vata'' will run in all directions in the body, especially upward and affect the head.
==== Signs & symptoms ====
*''Greeva manya graham'' (stiffness of muscles & tendons of neck)
*''Greeva manya graham'' (stiffness of muscles & tendons of neck)
*''netra vibhrama'' (giddiness)
*''netra vibhrama'' (giddiness)
==== Management ====
*''Abhyanga'' with ''lavana taila'' as per standard methods
*''Abhyanga'' with ''lavana taila'' as per standard methods
*Followed by ''teekshna, anulomika, anuvasana basti''.[43-46]
*Followed by ''teekshna, anulomika, anuvasana basti''.[43-46]
=== Complication of ''anga-arti'' (body-ache) ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
</div></div>
</div></div>
==== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''angarti basti'' complication ====
''Angarti'' (body ache) occurs when ''doshas'' are eliminated in excess.
''Angarti'' (body ache) occurs when ''doshas'' are eliminated in excess.
*''Jrimbhana'' (yawning) are also seen.
*''Jrimbhana'' (yawning) are also seen.
==== Management ====
*''Abhyanga'' with ''lavanataila'' followed by sprinkling of hot water all over body.
*''Abhyanga'' with ''lavanataila'' followed by sprinkling of hot water all over body.
*''Yava'' (Hordeum vulgare Linn), ''kulattha'' (Dolichos biflorus Linn.), ''kola'' (Zizyphus jujube Lam.) and both types of ''panchamula'' i.e. ''Dashamula'' (as described in ''shloka'' no.37) added with two ''adhakha'' (12 kg. 228 g.) 13 of water and reduced to one-fourth. To this decoction add ''bilva'' (Aegle marmelos Carr.) ''taila'' and ''lavana''. This is to be given as ''niruha basti'' when it is warm. Patient is to be given assurance as well as ''avagahasveda'' (sudation therapy through tub-bath). When once the patient taken food ''anuvasana basti'' is to be given with ''bilwa-taila'' (Aegle marmelos Carr.) or ''yastimadhu'' (Glycyrrhizaglabra Linn.) ''taila''. [47-53]
*''Yava'' (Hordeum vulgare Linn), ''kulattha'' (Dolichos biflorus Linn.), ''kola'' (Zizyphus jujube Lam.) and both types of ''panchamula'' i.e. ''Dashamula'' (as described in ''shloka'' no.37) added with two ''adhakha'' (12 kg. 228 g.) 13 of water and reduced to one-fourth. To this decoction add ''bilva'' (Aegle marmelos Carr.) ''taila'' and ''lavana''. This is to be given as ''niruha basti'' when it is warm. Patient is to be given assurance as well as ''avagahasveda'' (sudation therapy through tub-bath). When once the patient taken food ''anuvasana basti'' is to be given with ''bilwa-taila'' (Aegle marmelos Carr.) or ''yastimadhu'' (Glycyrrhizaglabra Linn.) ''taila''. [47-53]
=== Complication of ''parikartika'' (fissure in ano) ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
</div></div>
</div></div>
==== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''parikartika basti'' complication ====
''Parikartika'' (anal pain due to proctitis) manifested when the patients of ''mridu koshtha, alpa dosha'' are administered with ''niruha basti'' of qualities -''ruksha, tikshna'' or in higher dose.
''Parikartika'' (anal pain due to proctitis) manifested when the patients of ''mridu koshtha, alpa dosha'' are administered with ''niruha basti'' of qualities -''ruksha, tikshna'' or in higher dose.
==== Clinical manifestations ====
*''Toda'' (pricking type of pain) over low-back, groins and urinary bladder.
*''Toda'' (pricking type of pain) over low-back, groins and urinary bladder.
*''Rija'' (pain) over lower umbilical region
*''Rija'' (pain) over lower umbilical region
*''Lekhana'' effect of ''basti'' may result in constipation and bowel evacuation in little quantities
*''Lekhana'' effect of ''basti'' may result in constipation and bowel evacuation in little quantities
==== Management ====
*''Basti'' prepared out of milk processed with drugs having ''madhura'' & ''sita'' properties for example ''ikshurasa'' (sugar cane juice); and by adding paste of ''yastimadhu'' (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.) & ''tila'' (Sesamum indicum Linn.) is to be administered.
*''Basti'' prepared out of milk processed with drugs having ''madhura'' & ''sita'' properties for example ''ikshurasa'' (sugar cane juice); and by adding paste of ''yastimadhu'' (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.) & ''tila'' (Sesamum indicum Linn.) is to be administered.
*Administer ''basti'' prepared with milk by adding ''sarjarasa'' (Vateria indica Linn.), ''yastimadhu'' (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.), ''jingini'' (Lannea grandis Engi.), ''kardama'' (Nelumbium speciosum Willd.), ''anjana'' (Extract of Berberis asiatica - Roxb. ex DC). The patient is to be kept on ''mridubhojana'' (soft diet) with ''amla rasa'' ( little sour in taste). [54-57]
*Administer ''basti'' prepared with milk by adding ''sarjarasa'' (Vateria indica Linn.), ''yastimadhu'' (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.), ''jingini'' (Lannea grandis Engi.), ''kardama'' (Nelumbium speciosum Willd.), ''anjana'' (Extract of Berberis asiatica - Roxb. ex DC). The patient is to be kept on ''mridubhojana'' (soft diet) with ''amla rasa'' ( little sour in taste). [54-57]
=== Complication of ''paristrava'' (oozing through anus) ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
</div></div>
</div></div>
==== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''parisrava'' (rectal oozing), a ''basti'' complication ====
In a patient of ''pitta roga'' (pitta dominant disorders), if ''basti'' having any of the qualities of ''amla'' (sour), ''ushna'' (hot potency), ''tikshna'' (sharply acting), ''lavana''(salt) is administered, the ''basti dravya'' causes ''lekhana'' (irritates and injures) of ''payu'' (anus) resulting in injury and even ''vidaha'' (burning sensation). This leads to ''rakta'' (blood) and ''pitta'' oozes in different colors. Frequent/forced excretion will be followed by ''moha'' (unconsciousness) and ''asakrit'' (feeling of continuous defecation).
In a patient of ''pitta roga'' (pitta dominant disorders), if ''basti'' having any of the qualities of ''amla'' (sour), ''ushna'' (hot potency), ''tikshna'' (sharply acting), ''lavana''(salt) is administered, the ''basti dravya'' causes ''lekhana'' (irritates and injures) of ''payu'' (anus) resulting in injury and even ''vidaha'' (burning sensation). This leads to ''rakta'' (blood) and ''pitta'' oozes in different colors. Frequent/forced excretion will be followed by ''moha'' (unconsciousness) and ''asakrit'' (feeling of continuous defecation).
==== Management ====
*''Basti'' made with –paste of ''ardra shalmali vrinta'' (leaf stalk/petioles of Bombax malabaricum DC) and goat milk, then heat it. Along with ''ghee basti'' is to be given when it is cold.
*''Basti'' made with –paste of ''ardra shalmali vrinta'' (leaf stalk/petioles of Bombax malabaricum DC) and goat milk, then heat it. Along with ''ghee basti'' is to be given when it is cold.
The ''tikshnata'' (strong sharp action) of ''bastidravya'' may be increased by adding ''gomutra'' (cow urine), ''pilu'' (Salvadora persica Linn.), ''agni'' (Chitraka-Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), ''lavana'' (salt), ''kshara'' (alkali), ''sarshapa'' (Brassica campestris Var.sarson Prain) and to improve ''mridutva'' of ''bastidravya, ksheera'' (milk) etc. is to be added.[63]
The ''tikshnata'' (strong sharp action) of ''bastidravya'' may be increased by adding ''gomutra'' (cow urine), ''pilu'' (Salvadora persica Linn.), ''agni'' (Chitraka-Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), ''lavana'' (salt), ''kshara'' (alkali), ''sarshapa'' (Brassica campestris Var.sarson Prain) and to improve ''mridutva'' of ''bastidravya, ksheera'' (milk) etc. is to be added.[63]
=== Overall cleansing effect of ''basti'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
''Niruha basti'' will eliminate the liquefied ''malas'' (''doshas'') from body like the cloth which will remove (attains) the color of ''kusumbha'' (Carthamus tinctorius Linn.) mixed water. [65]
''Niruha basti'' will eliminate the liquefied ''malas'' (''doshas'') from body like the cloth which will remove (attains) the color of ''kusumbha'' (Carthamus tinctorius Linn.) mixed water. [65]
=== Summary ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
Complications of ''basti'' may result either due to errors in compounding it or consistency ''basti'', dose or temperature of ''basti dravya'' at the time of administration. However, these complications may result depending on body response to the above-mentioned factors. The responses may be explained under three headings viz. excessive response (''atiyoga''), poor/low/no response (''ayoga'') and faulty response (''mithyayoga''). [5-6]
Complications of ''basti'' may result either due to errors in compounding it or consistency ''basti'', dose or temperature of ''basti dravya'' at the time of administration. However, these complications may result depending on body response to the above-mentioned factors. The responses may be explained under three headings viz. excessive response (''atiyoga''), poor/low/no response (''ayoga'') and faulty response (''mithyayoga''). [5-6]
=== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''basti'' complication-''ayoga'' ===
''Ayoga'' (poor/low/no response) complication of ''basti'' may result either due to quality of ''dravya'' or due to patient condition or combination of both.
''Ayoga'' (poor/low/no response) complication of ''basti'' may result either due to quality of ''dravya'' or due to patient condition or combination of both.
==== Poor response due to quality of ''bastidravya'' ====
''Sheetaguna'' causes ''sthambhana. Sthambhana'' means stationary or movement less. In this context decreased intestinal motility is to be considered. Decreased intestinal motility may result in abdominal distension.
''Sheetaguna'' causes ''sthambhana. Sthambhana'' means stationary or movement less. In this context decreased intestinal motility is to be considered. Decreased intestinal motility may result in abdominal distension.
*Sufficient quantity of ''sneha'' (unctuous part - oil/ghee) is also important. Lipids in the form of ''sneha'' facilitate lipid mediated transportation. Insufficient quantity of ''sneha'' minimizes the lipid mediated transportation and thus desired efficacy is not achieved. Further salt present in ''basti'' helps in micelle (smallest particle of lipid) formation of lipids and facilitates absorption of lipids.
*Sufficient quantity of ''sneha'' (unctuous part - oil/ghee) is also important. Lipids in the form of ''sneha'' facilitate lipid mediated transportation. Insufficient quantity of ''sneha'' minimizes the lipid mediated transportation and thus desired efficacy is not achieved. Further salt present in ''basti'' helps in micelle (smallest particle of lipid) formation of lipids and facilitates absorption of lipids.
==== Poor response due to patient condition ====
*''Guru koshtha'' (hard bowel) is the condition where in the digestion process is delayed mostly due to sluggish intestinal motility. In such cases ''basti'' predominant of ''sheetaguna'' further worsen the problem as ''sheeta'' does ''stambhana''.
*''Guru koshtha'' (hard bowel) is the condition where in the digestion process is delayed mostly due to sluggish intestinal motility. In such cases ''basti'' predominant of ''sheetaguna'' further worsen the problem as ''sheeta'' does ''stambhana''.
The management is mainly aimed at inducing/increasing intestinal peristaltic movements. ''Dipana-pachana'' drugs stimulates gastro-intestinal tract secretions and increases intestinal motility. Anal suppository, ''virechana'' and ''basti'' also induces/increases intestinal motility. [7-11]
The management is mainly aimed at inducing/increasing intestinal peristaltic movements. ''Dipana-pachana'' drugs stimulates gastro-intestinal tract secretions and increases intestinal motility. Anal suppository, ''virechana'' and ''basti'' also induces/increases intestinal motility. [7-11]
=== Etiology, clinical manifestation and management of ''basti'' complication-''atiyoga'' ===
''
''
Atiyoga'' (excessive response) complication of basti is seen when patients of ''mridukostha'' (sensitive GI tract) had undergone ''sneha'' and ''sveda'' which further sensitize the GI tract when administered with ''basti'', prepared out of ''ushna'' and ''tikshna'' (high potent/irritant drugs), leads to hyper stimulation of intestinal tract, excessive elimination of bodily fluids, thus results in electrolyte imbalance and dehydration. The signs and symptoms mentioned are related to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
Atiyoga'' (excessive response) complication of basti is seen when patients of ''mridukostha'' (sensitive GI tract) had undergone ''sneha'' and ''sveda'' which further sensitize the GI tract when administered with ''basti'', prepared out of ''ushna'' and ''tikshna'' (high potent/irritant drugs), leads to hyper stimulation of intestinal tract, excessive elimination of bodily fluids, thus results in electrolyte imbalance and dehydration. The signs and symptoms mentioned are related to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
The drugs and other mediums used for management of ''atiyoga'' are rich in ''drava guna'', also having characteristics like ''balya'' (promotive of strength) ''brimhana'' (promotes growth) and ''jeevaniya'' (promotes life). These can help to make up for the loss of body fluids and other vital body elements that may be lost due to ''atiyoga'' of ''basti''. [12-14]
The drugs and other mediums used for management of ''atiyoga'' are rich in ''drava guna'', also having characteristics like ''balya'' (promotive of strength) ''brimhana'' (promotes growth) and ''jeevaniya'' (promotes life). These can help to make up for the loss of body fluids and other vital body elements that may be lost due to ''atiyoga'' of ''basti''. [12-14]
==== Management ====
''Amashesha'' indicates incomplete digestion process. In such conditions ''mridu basti'' further suppress digestion. In case of indigestion we need to stimulate secretion of digestive juices and hence the management is to use measures which hasten the digestive process.
''Amashesha'' indicates incomplete digestion process. In such conditions ''mridu basti'' further suppress digestion. In case of indigestion we need to stimulate secretion of digestive juices and hence the management is to use measures which hasten the digestive process.
''Basti'' dominating with ''amla lavana rasa'' and ''ushna tikshna'' properties in a patient suffering from disease of ''pitta dosha'' leads to further vitiation of ''pitta'', this in turn vitiates ''rakta'' which is seat of ''pitta dosha'', starts coming out through anus. The best remedy for this is piccha basti which has medicines acting for stopping the blood flow and also promotes healing. [58-62]
''Basti'' dominating with ''amla lavana rasa'' and ''ushna tikshna'' properties in a patient suffering from disease of ''pitta dosha'' leads to further vitiation of ''pitta'', this in turn vitiates ''rakta'' which is seat of ''pitta dosha'', starts coming out through anus. The best remedy for this is piccha basti which has medicines acting for stopping the blood flow and also promotes healing. [58-62]
=== Bibliography ===
=== Relevant verses and further reading ===
#Charaka Samhita - Chikitsa Sthana 19 chapter/19-22, e-Samhita Designed and Developed by National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage, CCRAS, Hyderabad
#Charak Samhita - [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19 /19-22
##Ibid - siddhi sthana 3 chapter/14-15
##Ibid - [[Siddhi Sthana]] 3/14-15
##Ibid - siddhi sthana 6 chapter/45-46
##Ibid - [[Siddhi Sthana]] 6 /45-46
##Ibid – Cikitsa sthana 15 chapter
##Ibid – [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15
##Ibid – siddhi sthana 3 chapter/35-36
##Ibid – [[Siddhi Sthana]] 3 /35-36
##Ibid – siddhi sthana 12 chapter/18/13
##Ibid – [[Siddhi Sthana]] 12 /18/13
##Ibid – kalpa sthana 1 chapter/6
##Ibid – [[Kalpa Sthana]] 1 /6
##Ibid – Siddhi 7/11
##Ibid – [[Siddhi Sthana]] 7/11
##Ibid – cikitsa 17 chapter
##Ibid – [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17
##Ibid – siddhi 3/35-45- Cakrapani commentary
##Ibid – [[Siddhi Sthana]] 3/35-45 (Chakrapani commentary
##Ibid – vimana 8/140
##Ibid – [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/140
##Ibid – vimana 8/141
##Ibid – [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/141
##ibid – siddhi 7/40-42 – Cakrapani commentary
##ibid – [[Siddhi Sthana]] 7/40-42 – Chakrapani commentary
#Kim E. Barret, Susan M. Burman, Scott Boitano, Heddwen L. Brooks, Ganong’s physiology: “ch.26 Overview of gastrointestinal function & Regulation”,23rd Edition, Tata MCGraw Hill Education Private Limited, NewDelhi,2010, p.448.
#Kim E. Barret, Susan M. Burman, Scott Boitano, Heddwen L. Brooks, Ganong’s physiology: “ch.26 Overview of gastrointestinal function & Regulation”,23rd Edition, Tata MCGraw Hill Education Private Limited, NewDelhi,2010, p.448.
##Ibid.,ch.28, Gastrointestinal motility, p.478.
##Ibid.,ch.28, Gastrointestinal motility, p.478.
== References ==
<div id="BackToTop" class="noprint" style="background-color:#DDEFDD; position:fixed;
<div id="BackToTop" class="noprint" style="background-color:#DDEFDD; position:fixed;
bottom:32px; left:2%; z-index:9999; padding:0; margin:0;"><span style="color:blue;
bottom:32px; left:2%; z-index:9999; padding:0; margin:0;"><span style="color:blue;