2,062
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 1:
Line 1: + + + + + + + + + + + Line 9:
Line 20: − + − + − + + + + + + + + + + + + + − ==[[Siddhi Sthana]] Chapter 3, Chapter on best practices of therapeutic enema==+ − + − === Abstract === − − The chapter [[Bastisutriyam Siddhi]] deals with the best practices and procedure of ''basti'' (therapeutic enema) in detail. The examination before ''basti'' administration, features of ''basti netra'' (nozzle in enema apparatus), features of ''basti putaka'' (enema bag/pot), dose, preparation, procedure and formulations of ''niruha basti'' (enema with decoction) are explained. It also describes the procedure of ''anuvasana basti'' (enema with oil or unctuous substance), posture for ''basti'', and post-operative procedure. − − − === Introduction === − + + + − + − ===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation===+ + + Line 41:
Line 62: + − + − ==== Questions of Agnivesha ====+ + Line 57:
Line 80: + Line 81:
Line 105: + Line 97:
Line 122: − ==== Consideration before administration of ''basti'' ====+ + + Line 110:
Line 137: + − + − ==== ''Basti netra'' (nozzle apparatus) ====+ + + Line 126:
Line 156: + + Line 138:
Line 170: + Line 158:
Line 191: + Line 168:
Line 202: + Line 174:
Line 209: + Line 186:
Line 222: + + + + + + Line 212:
Line 254: + − + − ==== Preparation and administration of ''basti'' formulation ====+ + Line 244:
Line 288: + Line 300:
Line 345: + Line 311:
Line 357: − ==== Sequels of wrong administration of nozzle ====+ + Line 324:
Line 371: + Line 348:
Line 396: + − + − ==== Sequence in preparation of ''basti'' formulation ====+ + + Line 364:
Line 415: + + + Line 378:
Line 432: + − + + + Line 392:
Line 449: + + + + − + − ==== Follow up regimen after ''basti'' administration ====+ + Line 418:
Line 480: + Line 446:
Line 509: + − + − + − ==== Proportion according to ''dosha'' dominance ====+ + + Line 468:
Line 534: + − ==== Dose of ''niruha basti'' ====+ + Line 480:
Line 548: + Line 496:
Line 565: + − ==== Table/cot for administration of ''basti'' ====+ + + Line 512:
Line 584: + − + − ==== Diet after ''basti'' ====+ + + Line 528:
Line 603: + − + − ==== Various ''basti'' formulations ====+ + + Line 544:
Line 622: + Line 554:
Line 633: + Line 562:
Line 642: + Line 578:
Line 659: + Line 603:
Line 685: − + + Line 634:
Line 717: + Line 694:
Line 778: + + Line 718:
Line 804: − + + Line 727:
Line 814: + Line 743:
Line 831: + Line 768:
Line 857: − + + Line 789:
Line 879: + Line 829:
Line 920: + Line 851:
Line 943: − + + Line 864:
Line 957: + Line 888:
Line 982: + Line 901:
Line 996: + Line 911:
Line 1,007: + Line 931:
Line 1,028: + Line 959:
Line 1,057: − + + Line 970:
Line 1,069: + Line 990:
Line 1,090: + Line 1,018:
Line 1,119: − + + Line 1,035:
Line 1,137: + Line 1,067:
Line 1,170: + Line 1,092:
Line 1,196: − + + Line 1,109:
Line 1,214: + Line 1,141:
Line 1,247: + Line 1,163:
Line 1,270: − + − ==== Maximum numbers of ''niruha basti'' ====+ + + Line 1,178:
Line 1,287: + Line 1,189:
Line 1,299: − ==== Follow up diet for ''dosha'' dominance ====+ + Line 1,198:
Line 1,309: + Line 1,214:
Line 1,326: + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − ==== Factors to be considered before ''basti'' administration ====+ − + − + − ==== Age wise differentiation ====+ Line 1,247:
Line 1,360: − + − + − + − + − ==== ''Basti yantra'' (instrument used for administration of enema) ====+ Line 1,259:
Line 1,372: − + − ==== Time of administration ====+ − + − + − ==== Precautions during administration of enema ====+ − + − ===== ''Kalka'' =====+ − Putoyavānyādi kalka:+ − + − + − + − + − + − Vacā Acorus calomus Rhizome + − Śatapushpā Anethum Graveolense Seeds+ − Mustā Cypurus rotundus Tuber+ − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − + − ===== Preparation of ''kalka'' =====+ − ===== Dose of ''kalka'' =====+ − + − ===== Utility of ''kalka'' =====+ − + − + − ==== Rationale for mixing sequence of ''basti'' ====+ − + − + − + − + + + + + − ==== Suitable position for administration ====+ − The patient, before the ''basti pranidana'' (administration), is required to lie down on his left side on a bed which has uniform level or which is low in the head side. These two alternatives are described for the comfort of the patient. This can be explained in a different way also. If the patient has a bulky buttock, then the head side of the cot should be uniform. If he has thin buttock, then the head side of bed should be lowered to facilitate the uniform distribution of ''basti dravya'' in the body.+ − When the patient lies on his left side, both the grahaņi and guda remain in normal position. Basti administered in this position gets absorbed properly and distributed easily. In this position, the sphincters remain relaxed. Therefore, the enema fluid enters into rectum easily without any obstruction and impregnates the grahaņi to produce the desired therapeutic effect.<ref>Chakrapanidutta, Commentator. Charaka samhita, Siddhi Sthana, 3/24-25, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1990</ref>+ − Basti drug reaches first to the pakvāśaya and then to the grahaņī. Pakvāśaya is the site of purīshadharā kalā and grahaņī is the site of pittadharā kalā. So basti directly acts on Purīshadharā kalā and Pittadharā Kalā. Commentator Ďalhaņa has commented that Purīshadharā and asthidharā kalā are same and pittadharā kalā and majjādharā kalā are one and same.<ref>Dalhana, Commentator. Sushruta Samhita, Kalpasthana, 4/40, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1996</ref>. So from these evidences it is clear that basti has direct action on asthi and majjā dhātu. Majjā is present in the asthi. Also mastulunga is considered as mastaka majjā.<ref>Dalhana, Commentator. Sushruta Samhita, Sutrasthana, 32/12, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1996</ref> Vāta nāďi are also made by majjā which is the seat of vāta dosha. So in this way, basti is useful in the disorders of central nervous system.+ − + − ==== ''Dosha'' specific dose ====+ − + − + − + − ==== Diet ====+ − + − ==== Ratio of combination ====+ − + − + − + Line 1,350:
Line 1,498: − + − Charaka recommended five ''prasrita'' of ''kashaya'' to be added. Sushruta recommended four ''prasrita''.This change in the quantity of ''kashaya'' is not acceptable.<ref>Chakrapanidutta, Commentator. Charaka samhita, Siddhi Sthana, 30/31, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1990</ref>+ − + − + − + − + − + − + − Kvātha 5 Prasruta 5 Prasruta 5 Prasruta 5 Prasruta+ − Āvāpa Dravya 1 ½ Prasruta 2 Prasruta 1 ½ Prasruta 2 Prasruta+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − + − + − Kalpanā Qty in Pala for Vāta Qty in Pala for Pitta Qty in Pala for Kapha+ − + − + − + − Kashāya 10 10 10+ − Āvāpa 3 4 3+ − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − ==== Procedures after ''basti'' ====+ − + + + + + + + − After ''anuvasana, yusha, ksheera'' and ''mamsa rasa, yusha, ksheera'' and ''mamsa rasa'' should be given along with ''anna'' in ''kapha, pitta'' and ''vata'' respectively. ''Peya'' should not be given as it causes ''abhishyandana'' of ''koshtha'' because of ''sneha'' in ''koshtha''.<ref>Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, Chikitsa Samhita, 37/57, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1996</ref>+ − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − This ''basti'' is also highlighted in Ashtanga Hridaya which is detailed below for a practical understanding.+ − Dvipanchalamudi (A.H.Ka.4/4):+ − Dravya Dose (classics) Practicing Dose − Madhu 2 Prasruta 200ml − Saindhava 1 Karsha 12gm − Sneha-trisneha(sukumāra ghrita +sahacarādi taila + vasā) 4 Prasruta 150ml+150ml − Kalka- putoyavānādi* 1 Prasruta 30gm − Kvātha dravya-laghupancamūla, bruhatpancamūla 5 Prasruta 400ml − Āvāpa dravya-amla rasa, ajamāmsa 1 Pala 50gm − Guņa- Sarva vātavyādhihara − ==== ''Niruha basti'' ====+ − In the same method given in verses, the skilled physician should administer second, third or fourth ''niruha basti'' or till ''samyak nirudha'' and then stop.<ref>Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, Chikitsa Samhita, 37/6-7, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1996</ref> Dalhaņa while commenting has justified that, in ''krura koshtha'' if improperly administered or if ''sunirudha lakshana'' not observed and ''dosha'' to be eliminated are present, in such condition fourth ''basti'' should be used judiciously.<ref>Dalhana, Commentator. Sushruta Samhita, Sutrasthana, 38/3-6, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1996</ref>+ − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − === Glossary ===+ − − #''Abhisyandi'' (''dravya''): The diet or drug which on account of its heavy and slimy properties causes retention of secretions, thus giving rise to heaviness and fullness e.g. curd. − #''Abhyanga'': Massage or rubbing of body or body parts usually with simple or medicated oil. − #''Anuvasana basti'': Medicated oil enemata meant to be retained in the colon for some time. It is also referred as ''snigdhabasti'' (unctuous). − #''Karsha'': measurement equal to 12gms − #''Niruha basti'': Medicated enemata prepared from herbal decoctions, milk, oil to be retained in the colon. − #''Nirvapana'': Extinguishing, alleviation, pacifying. To alleviate or reduce pain and burning of a suppurating inflammatory swelling by application of refrigerant or cooling application. − #''Pala'': measurement equal to 4 ''karsha'' (48gms) − #''Prasrita'': measurement equal to 8 ''Karsha'' (96gms) − === References ===+
Bastisutriyam Siddhi (view source)
Revision as of 22:42, 23 September 2021
, 22:42, 23 September 2021→Niruha basti
{{#seo:
|title=Bastisutriyam Siddhi
|titlemode=append
|keywords=Anuvasana basti, basti netra, basti putaka, basti vidhi, niruha basti, Ayurveda, charak samhita, Indian system of medicine.
|description=Siddhi Sthana Chapter 3.Standard practices of Basti (therapeutic enema)
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
|image_alt=charak samhita
|type=article
}}
'''<big>[[Siddhi Sthana]] Chapter 3.Standard practices of Basti (therapeutic enema)</big>'''
{{Infobox
{{Infobox
|title = Bastrisutriyam Siddhi
|title = Bastrisutriyam Siddhi
|label5 = Other Sections
|label5 = Other Sections
|data5 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]]
|data5 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]]
|label6 = Translator and commentator
|header3 =
|data6 = Patil V.
|label7 = Reviewer
|data7 = Mangalasseri P., Auti S.
|label8 = Editors
|data8 = Thakar A. B., Mangalasseri P., Deole Y.S., Basisht G.
|label9 = Year of publication
|data9 = 2020
|label10 = Publisher
|data10 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|label11 = DOI
|data11 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s08.004 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s08.004]
}}
}}
<big>''' Abstract </big>'''
<div style="text-align:justify;">
The chapter [[Bastisutriyam Siddhi]] deals with the best practices and procedure of ''[[basti]]'' (therapeutic enema) in detail. The examination before ''[[basti]]'' administration, features of ''basti netra'' (nozzle in enema apparatus), features of ''basti putaka'' (enema bag/pot), dose, preparation, procedure and formulations of ''niruha basti'' (enema with decoction) are explained. It also describes the procedure of ''anuvasana basti'' (enema with oil or unctuous substance), posture for ''[[basti]]'', and post-operative procedure.
''Keywords'': ''Anuvasana basti, basti netra, basti putaka, [[basti]] vidhi, niruha basti''
</div>
''Keywords'': ''Anuvasana basti, basti netra, basti putaka, basti vidhi, niruha basti''
The previous chapter ([[Panchakarmiya Siddhi]]) dealt with the indications and contra-indications of [[Panchakarma]] and its applications. Now one of the content of [[Kalpana Siddhi]], ''basti kalpana'' is elaborated in the present chapter. ''Basti chikitsa'' is regarded as the prime treatment modality within [[Panchakarma]]. It not only has curative action, but also has preventive and promotive actions. Basti therapy is considered as ''chikitsardha'' (half of major treatments) among all therapy and some physicians even recognize it as a complete therapy because ''basti'' has a wide therapeutic area. It not only cures ''vatika'' disorders but also ''samsarga'' and ''sannipata'' condition of ''dosha, kaphaja'' and ''pittaja'' disorder, ''shakhagata'' (diseases of limbs) and ''koshthagata rogas'' (diseases of GIT) by making various permutations and combinations of different types of medicaments. Considering this rationale the third chapter is devoted for ''basti karma'' and given first place in the [[Siddhi Sthana]] among the [[Panchakarma]].
== Introduction ==
<div style="text-align:justify;">
The previous chapter ([[Panchakarmiya Siddhi]]) dealt with the indications and contra-indications of [[Panchakarma]] and its applications. Now one of the content of [[Kalpana Siddhi]], ''[[basti]] kalpana'' is elaborated in the present chapter. ''[[Basti]] chikitsa'' is regarded as the prime treatment modality within [[Panchakarma]]. It not only has curative action, but also has preventive and promotive actions. ''[[Basti]]'' therapy is considered as ''chikitsardha'' (half of major treatments) among all therapy and some physicians even recognize it as a complete therapy because ''[[basti]]'' has a wide therapeutic area. It not only cures ''vatika'' disorders but also ''samsarga'' and ''sannipata'' condition of ''[[dosha]], kaphaja'' and ''pittaja'' disorder, ''shakhagata'' (diseases of limbs) and ''koshthagata rogas'' (diseases of GIT) by making various permutations and combinations of different types of medicaments. Considering this rationale the third chapter is devoted for ''[[basti]] karma'' and given first place in the [[Siddhi Sthana]] among the [[Panchakarma]].
''Basti'' is not merely termed as ‘enema’; rather it is a highly complex, sophisticated, and systemic therapy having a wide range of therapeutic actions and indications. It is considered as prime treatment modality for ''vata dosha''. Contrary to this, enema is simply used for evacuation of colon and in few instances to rehydrate for therapeutic purpose.
''[[Basti]]'' is not merely termed as ‘enema’; rather it is a highly complex, sophisticated, and systemic therapy having a wide range of therapeutic actions and indications. It is considered as prime treatment modality for ''[[vata dosha]]''. Contrary to this, enema is simply used for evacuation of colon and in few instances to rehydrate for therapeutic purpose.
== Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation ==
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
अथातो बस्तिसूत्रीयां सिद्धिं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||
अथातो बस्तिसूत्रीयां सिद्धिं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||
इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||
इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
athātō bastisūtrīyāṁ siddhiṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||
athātō bastisūtrīyāṁ siddhiṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||
iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||
iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||
</div></div>
Now we shall discuss the Chapter which deals with formulation of ''Basti'' . Thus said Lord Atreya.[1-2]
Now we shall expound the chapter "Bastisutriyam Siddhi" (Standard practices of therapeutic enema). Thus said Lord Atreya.[1-2]
=== Questions of Agnivesha ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
कृतक्षणं शैलवरस्य रम्ये स्थितं धनेशायतनस्य पार्श्वे|
कृतक्षणं शैलवरस्य रम्ये स्थितं धनेशायतनस्य पार्श्वे|
के बस्तयः केषु हिता इतीदं श्रुत्वोत्तरं प्राह वचो महर्षिः||५||
के बस्तयः केषु हिता इतीदं श्रुत्वोत्तरं प्राह वचो महर्षिः||५||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
kr̥takṣaṇaṁ śailavarasya ramyē sthitaṁ dhanēśāyatanasya pārśvē|
kr̥takṣaṇaṁ śailavarasya ramyē sthitaṁ dhanēśāyatanasya pārśvē|
ke bastayaH keShu hitA itIdaM shrutvottaraM prAha vaco maharShiH||5||
ke bastayaH keShu hitA itIdaM shrutvottaraM prAha vaco maharShiH||5||
</div></div>
Agnivesha, with folded hands, asked following questions to Punarvasu, as he was sitting at leisure surrounded by a host of great sages amidst the pleasant Himalaya as in the neighborhood of the abode of Kubera, the God of wealth.
Agnivesha, with folded hands, asked following questions to Punarvasu, as he was sitting at leisure surrounded by a host of great sages amidst the pleasant Himalaya as in the neighborhood of the abode of Kubera, the God of wealth.
Hearing these questions, the great sage Punarvasu spoke to answer. [3-5]
Hearing these questions, the great sage Punarvasu spoke to answer. [3-5]
=== Consideration before administration of ''[[basti]]'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
समीक्ष्य दोषौषधदेशकालसात्म्याग्निसत्त्वादिवयोबलानि|
समीक्ष्य दोषौषधदेशकालसात्म्याग्निसत्त्वादिवयोबलानि|
बस्तिः प्रयुक्तो नियतं गुणाय स्यात् सर्वकर्माणि च सिद्धिमन्ति||६||
बस्तिः प्रयुक्तो नियतं गुणाय स्यात् सर्वकर्माणि च सिद्धिमन्ति||६||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
samīkṣya dōṣauṣadhadēśakālasātmyāgnisattvādivayōbalāni|
samīkṣya dōṣauṣadhadēśakālasātmyāgnisattvādivayōbalāni|
bastiH prayukto niyataM guNAya syAt sarvakarmANi ca siddhimanti||6||
bastiH prayukto niyataM guNAya syAt sarvakarmANi ca siddhimanti||6||
</div></div>
''Basti'' administered after careful examination of ''dosha'' (vitiating factors), ''aushadha'' (potency of drugs), ''desha'' (place of living and body of patient), ''kala'' (season and time of administration), ''satmya'' (accustom), ''agni'' (factor responsible for process of digestion and metabolism), ''sattva'' (mind), ''oka'' (habituation due to continuous use), ''vaya'' (age) and ''bala'' (strength) is certainly capable of providing the significant results, the benefits of the therapy and ultimately success.[6]
''[[Basti]]'' administered after careful examination of ''[[dosha]]'' (vitiating factors), ''aushadha'' (potency of drugs), ''desha'' (place of living and body of patient), ''[[kala]]'' (season and time of administration), ''[[satmya]]'' (accustom), ''agni'' (factor responsible for process of digestion and metabolism), ''sattva'' (mind), ''oka'' (habituation due to continuous use), ''vaya'' (age) and ''bala'' (strength) is certainly capable of providing the significant results, the benefits of the therapy and ultimately success.[6]
=== ''Basti netra'' (nozzle apparatus) ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
सुवर्णरूप्यत्रपुताम्ररीतिकांस्यास्थिशस्त्रद्रुमवेणुदन्तैः |
सुवर्णरूप्यत्रपुताम्ररीतिकांस्यास्थिशस्त्रद्रुमवेणुदन्तैः |
नलैर्विषाणैर्मणिभिश्च तैस्तैर्नेत्राणि कार्याणि सु(त्रि)कर्णिकानि ||७||
नलैर्विषाणैर्मणिभिश्च तैस्तैर्नेत्राणि कार्याणि सु(त्रि)कर्णिकानि ||७||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
suvarṇarūpyatraputāmrarītikāṁsyāsthiśastradrumavēṇudantaiḥ |
suvarṇarūpyatraputāmrarītikāṁsyāsthiśastradrumavēṇudantaiḥ |
nalairviShANairmaNibhishca taistairnetrANi kAryANi su(tri)karNikAni ||7||
nalairviShANairmaNibhishca taistairnetrANi kAryANi su(tri)karNikAni ||7||
</div></div>
For preparing ''basti netra'' having three ''karnika'' (ridges) the following materials are used: gold, silver, copper, bronze, cow’s horn, bones of animals and others.[7]
For preparing ''basti netra'' having three ''karnika'' (ridges) the following materials are used: gold, silver, copper, bronze, cow’s horn, bones of animals and others.[7]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
षड्द्वादशाष्टाङ्गुलसम्मितानि षड्विंशतिद्वादशवर्षजानाम्|
षड्द्वादशाष्टाङ्गुलसम्मितानि षड्विंशतिद्वादशवर्षजानाम्|
स्यात् कर्णिकैकाऽग्रचतुर्थभागे मूलाश्रिते बस्तिनिबन्धने द्वे|१०|
स्यात् कर्णिकैकाऽग्रचतुर्थभागे मूलाश्रिते बस्तिनिबन्धने द्वे|१०|
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
ṣaḍdvādaśāṣṭāṅgulasammitāni ṣaḍviṁśatidvādaśavarṣajānām|
ṣaḍdvādaśāṣṭāṅgulasammitāni ṣaḍviṁśatidvādaśavarṣajānām|
syAt karNikaikA~agracaturthabhAge mUlAshrite bastinibandhane dve|10|
syAt karNikaikA~agracaturthabhAge mUlAshrite bastinibandhane dve|10|
</div></div>
For the patients of the age of six, twenty and twelve years, the length of the nozzle should be of six, twelve and eight ''Angula'' respectively.
For the patients of the age of six, twenty and twelve years, the length of the nozzle should be of six, twelve and eight ''Angula'' respectively.
One ring should be fixed at the level of one fourth from the top, and two other rings should be fixed at the base in order to facilitate tying the mouth of the bladder around the nozzle. [8-91/2]
One ring should be fixed at the level of one fourth from the top, and two other rings should be fixed at the base in order to facilitate tying the mouth of the bladder around the nozzle. [8-91/2]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
जारद्गवो माहिषहारिणौ वा स्याच्छौकरो बस्तिरजस्य वाऽपि||१०||
जारद्गवो माहिषहारिणौ वा स्याच्छौकरो बस्तिरजस्य वाऽपि||१०||
नृणां वयो वीक्ष्य यथानुरूपं नेत्रेषु योज्यस्तु सुबद्धसूत्रः||११||
नृणां वयो वीक्ष्य यथानुरूपं नेत्रेषु योज्यस्तु सुबद्धसूत्रः||११||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
jāradgavō māhiṣahāriṇau vā syācchaukarō bastirajasya vā'pi||10||
jāradgavō māhiṣahāriṇau vā syācchaukarō bastirajasya vā'pi||10||
nRuNAM vayo vIkShya yathAnurUpaM netreShu yojyastu subaddhasUtraH||11||
nRuNAM vayo vIkShya yathAnurUpaM netreShu yojyastu subaddhasUtraH||11||
</div></div>
The urinary bladder of the animals such as buffalo, sheep, goat, cow etc. should be used to prepare ''basti'' (the holder bag of ''basti dravya'').
The urinary bladder of the animals such as buffalo, sheep, goat, cow etc. should be used to prepare ''basti'' (the holder bag of ''basti dravya'').
Features: ''Drudha'' (strong), ''tanu'' (thin), ''nashta shira'' (devoid of veins), ''vigandha'' (devoid of odor), ''kashayarakta'' (saffron-red), ''sumridu'' (soft), ''sushuddha'' (well cleaned), and ''yathanurupa'' (size accordingly).[10-11]
Features: ''Drudha'' (strong), ''tanu'' (thin), ''nashta shira'' (devoid of veins), ''vigandha'' (devoid of odor), ''kashayarakta'' (saffron-red), ''sumridu'' (soft), ''sushuddha'' (well cleaned), and ''yathanurupa'' (size accordingly).[10-11]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
बस्तेरलाभे प्लवजो गलो वा स्यादङ्कपादः सुघनः पटो वा|१२|
बस्तेरलाभे प्लवजो गलो वा स्यादङ्कपादः सुघनः पटो वा|१२|
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
bastēralābhē plavajō galō vā syādaṅkapādaḥ sughanaḥ paṭō vā|12|
bastēralābhē plavajō galō vā syādaṅkapādaḥ sughanaḥ paṭō vā|12|
basteralAbhe plavajo galo vA syAda~gkapAdaH sughanaH paTo vA|12|
basteralAbhe plavajo galo vA syAda~gkapAdaH sughanaH paTo vA|12|
</div></div>
In case of non availability, ''plavaja gala'' (throat of a pelican), ''ankapada'' (skin of a bat), ''ghana pata'' (strong cloth) should be used.[12]
In case of non availability, ''plavaja gala'' (throat of a pelican), ''ankapada'' (skin of a bat), ''ghana pata'' (strong cloth) should be used.[12]
[Note: Presently plastic bags are in use.]
[Note: Presently plastic bags are in use.]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
आस्थापनार्हं पुरुषं विधिज्ञः समीक्ष्य पुण्येऽहनि शुक्लपक्षे||१२||
आस्थापनार्हं पुरुषं विधिज्ञः समीक्ष्य पुण्येऽहनि शुक्लपक्षे||१२||
प्रशस्तनक्षत्रमुहूर्तयोगे जीर्णान्नमेकाग्रमुपक्रमेत |१३|
प्रशस्तनक्षत्रमुहूर्तयोगे जीर्णान्नमेकाग्रमुपक्रमेत |१३|
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
āsthāpanārhaṁ puruṣaṁ vidhijñaḥ samīkṣya puṇyē'hani śuklapakṣē||12||
āsthāpanārhaṁ puruṣaṁ vidhijñaḥ samīkṣya puṇyē'hani śuklapakṣē||12||
prashastanakShatramuhUrtayoge jIrNAnnamekAgramupakrameta |13|
prashastanakShatramuhUrtayoge jIrNAnnamekAgramupakrameta |13|
</div></div>
The physician well versed in the method of administering ''basti'' should administer this therapy to a patient who is fit, after the digestion of the meal consumed by him and who has a complete focus of mind on the therapy. It should be given on an auspicious day in the ''shukla paksha'' having a propitious ''nakshatra, muhurta'' and ''yoga''.[12-121/2]
The physician well versed in the method of administering ''[[basti]]'' should administer this therapy to a patient who is fit, after the digestion of the meal consumed by him and who has a complete focus of mind on the therapy. It should be given on an auspicious day in the ''shukla paksha'' having a propitious ''nakshatra, muhurta'' and ''yoga''.[12-121/2]
=== Preparation and administration of ''[[basti]]'' formulation ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
बलां गुडूचीं त्रिफलां सरास्नां द्वे पञ्चमूले च पलोन्मितानि||१३||
बलां गुडूचीं त्रिफलां सरास्नां द्वे पञ्चमूले च पलोन्मितानि||१३||
प्रपीड्य चैकग्रहणेन दत्तं नेत्रं शनैरेव ततोऽपकर्षेत्|२०|
प्रपीड्य चैकग्रहणेन दत्तं नेत्रं शनैरेव ततोऽपकर्षेत्|२०|
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
balāṁ guḍūcīṁ triphalāṁ sarāsnāṁ dvē pañcamūlē ca palōnmitāni||13||
balāṁ guḍūcīṁ triphalāṁ sarāsnāṁ dvē pañcamūlē ca palōnmitāni||13||
prapIDya caikagrahaNena dattaM netraM shanaireva tato~apakarShet|20|
prapIDya caikagrahaNena dattaM netraM shanaireva tato~apakarShet|20|
</div></div>
One ''pala'' each of ''bala, guduchi, haritaki, vibhitaki, amalaki, rasna, bilva, shyonaka, gambhari, patala, shalaparni, prishniparni, brihati, kantakari'' and ''gokshura'', eight fruits of ''madana'' and half ''tula'' of goat meat should be added with water, and boiled till one fourth of water remains. Then the decoction should be collected by filtration. To this decoction, one ''pichu'' (tola) each of the paste of ''yavani, madana phala, bilva, kushtha, vacha, shatahva, ghana'' and ''pippali,'' one ''pala'' of ''jaggery'', two ''prasruta'' each of ghee and oil, and appropriate quantities of honey and rock salt should be added. The recipe should then be stirred with a stirrer, and kept inside the ''basti''. The bladder should then be tied to the base of the nozzle, the air inside the bladder should be removed, and the bladder should be free from folds. Thereafter, ''varti'' (cotton plug) kept at the opening should be removed, and the opening should be covered with the middle part of the thumb.
One ''pala'' each of ''bala, guduchi, haritaki, vibhitaki, amalaki, rasna, bilva, shyonaka, gambhari, patala, shalaparni, prishniparni, brihati, kantakari'' and ''gokshura'', eight fruits of ''madana'' and half ''tula'' of goat meat should be added with water, and boiled till one fourth of water remains. Then the decoction should be collected by filtration. To this decoction, one ''pichu'' (tola) each of the paste of ''yavani, madana phala, bilva, kushtha, vacha, shatahva, ghana'' and ''pippali,'' one ''pala'' of ''jaggery'', two ''prasruta'' each of ghee and oil, and appropriate quantities of honey and rock salt should be added. The recipe should then be stirred with a stirrer, and kept inside the ''basti''. The bladder should then be tied to the base of the nozzle, the air inside the bladder should be removed, and the bladder should be free from folds. Thereafter, ''varti'' (cotton plug) kept at the opening should be removed, and the opening should be covered with the middle part of the thumb.
The physician should not shake his hand, and quickly compress the bladder so that the content goes inside at one stretch. Thereafter, he should take out the nozzle slowly. [13-191/2]
The physician should not shake his hand, and quickly compress the bladder so that the content goes inside at one stretch. Thereafter, he should take out the nozzle slowly. [13-191/2]
=== Sequels of wrong administration of nozzle ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
तिर्यक् प्रणीते तु न याति धारा गुदे व्रणः स्याच्चलिते तु नेत्रे||२०||
तिर्यक् प्रणीते तु न याति धारा गुदे व्रणः स्याच्चलिते तु नेत्रे||२०||
दाहातिसारौ लवणोऽति कुर्यात्तस्मात् सुयुक्तं सममेव दद्यात्|२३|
दाहातिसारौ लवणोऽति कुर्यात्तस्मात् सुयुक्तं सममेव दद्यात्|२३|
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
tiryak praṇītē tu na yāti dhārā gudē vraṇaḥ syāccalitē tu nētrē||20||
tiryak praṇītē tu na yāti dhārā gudē vraṇaḥ syāccalitē tu nētrē||20||
dAhAtisArau lavaNo~ati kuryAttasmAt suyuktaM samameva dadyAt|23|
dAhAtisArau lavaNo~ati kuryAttasmAt suyuktaM samameva dadyAt|23|
</div></div>
If the nozzle is obliquely inserted, then the fluid will not flow into the rectum. If the nozzle is shifted from one place to the other, then this may cause anal injury. If the bladder is compressed slowly, then the enema- fluid may not reach the colon. If the bladder is strongly compressed, then the fluid may rush very fast even up to the throat. If the enema- fluid is very cold, then it may cause stiffness. If the enema – fluid is very hot, then it may cause burning sensation and fainting. If the enema – fluid is very unctuous, then it may cause numbness. If the enema- fluid is ''ati ruksha'', then it may cause aggravation of ''vayu''. If the enema – fluid is very thin or added with less quantity of salt, then it may lead to ''ayoga''. If the enema- fluid is administered in large quantity, then it may cause ''ati-yoga''. If the enema-fluid is viscid, then it may cause emaciation of the patient, and it moves in the colon very slowly. If the enema- fluid contains salt in excess, then it may cause burning sensation and diarrhea. Therefore, ''basti'' should be properly administered.[20-221/2]
If the nozzle is obliquely inserted, then the fluid will not flow into the rectum. If the nozzle is shifted from one place to the other, then this may cause anal injury. If the bladder is compressed slowly, then the enema- fluid may not reach the colon. If the bladder is strongly compressed, then the fluid may rush very fast even up to the throat. If the enema- fluid is very cold, then it may cause stiffness. If the enema – fluid is very hot, then it may cause burning sensation and fainting. If the enema – fluid is very unctuous, then it may cause numbness. If the enema- fluid is ''ati ruksha'', then it may cause aggravation of ''vayu''. If the enema – fluid is very thin or added with less quantity of salt, then it may lead to ''ayoga''. If the enema- fluid is administered in large quantity, then it may cause ''ati-yoga''. If the enema-fluid is viscid, then it may cause emaciation of the patient, and it moves in the colon very slowly. If the enema- fluid contains salt in excess, then it may cause burning sensation and diarrhea. Therefore, ''[[basti]]'' should be properly administered.[20-221/2]
=== Sequence in preparation of ''[[basti]]'' formulation ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
पूर्वं हि दद्यान्मधु सैन्धवं तु स्नेहं विनिर्मथ्यं ततोऽनु कल्कम्||२३||
पूर्वं हि दद्यान्मधु सैन्धवं तु स्नेहं विनिर्मथ्यं ततोऽनु कल्कम्||२३||
विमथ्य संयोज्य पुनर्द्रवैस्तं बस्तौ निदध्यान्मथितं खजेन|२४|
विमथ्य संयोज्य पुनर्द्रवैस्तं बस्तौ निदध्यान्मथितं खजेन|२४|
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
pūrvaṁ hi dadyānmadhu saindhavaṁ tu snēhaṁ vinirmathyaṁ tatō'nu kalkam||23||
pūrvaṁ hi dadyānmadhu saindhavaṁ tu snēhaṁ vinirmathyaṁ tatō'nu kalkam||23||
vimathya saMyojya punardravaistaM bastau nidadhyAnmathitaMkhajena|24|
vimathya saMyojya punardravaistaM bastau nidadhyAnmathitaMkhajena|24|
</div></div>
At first ''madhu'' (honey) and ''saindhava'' (rock salt) should be taken ''khalva'', then ''sneha'' followed by ''kalka, kashaya'' and ''avapa,'' churning should be while adding these ''dravya''. [23-231/2]
At first ''madhu'' (honey) and ''saindhava'' (rock salt) should be taken ''khalva'', then ''sneha'' followed by ''kalka, kashaya'' and ''avapa,'' churning should be while adding these ''dravya''. [23-231/2]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
वामाश्रये हि ग्रहणीगुद च तत् पार्श्वसंस्थस्य सुखोपलब्धिः||२४||
वामाश्रये हि ग्रहणीगुद च तत् पार्श्वसंस्थस्य सुखोपलब्धिः||२४||
लीयन्त एवं वलयश्च तस्मात् सव्यं शयानोऽर्हति बस्तिदानम्|२५|
लीयन्त एवं वलयश्च तस्मात् सव्यं शयानोऽर्हति बस्तिदानम्|२५|
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
vāmāśrayē hi grahaṇīgudē ca tat pārśvasaṁsthasya sukhōpalabdhiḥ||24||
vāmāśrayē hi grahaṇīgudē ca tat pārśvasaṁsthasya sukhōpalabdhiḥ||24||
lIyanta evaM valayashca tasmAt savyaM shayAno~arhati bastidAnam|25|
lIyanta evaM valayashca tasmAt savyaM shayAno~arhati bastidAnam|25|
</div></div>
It is said that the ''basti'' should be administered to the patient lying on left lateral side as the ''grahani'' and ''guda'' are situated on the left side of the body, and the ''vali'' (valves) get relaxed. Therefore, ''basti'' should be given when the patient is lying on his left side.[24-241/2]
It is said that the ''[[basti]]'' should be administered to the patient lying on left lateral side as the ''grahani'' and ''guda'' are situated on the left side of the body, and the ''vali'' (valves) get relaxed. Therefore, ''[[basti]]'' should be given when the patient is lying on his left side.[24-241/2]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
विड्वातवेगो यदि चार्धदत्ते निष्कृष्य मुक्ते प्रणयेदशेषम् ||२५||
विड्वातवेगो यदि चार्धदत्ते निष्कृष्य मुक्ते प्रणयेदशेषम् ||२५||
उत्तानदेहश्च कृतोपधानः स्याद्वीर्यमाप्नोति तथाऽस्य देहम् |२६|
उत्तानदेहश्च कृतोपधानः स्याद्वीर्यमाप्नोति तथाऽस्य देहम् |२६|
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
viḍvātavēgō yadi cārdhadattē niṣkr̥ṣya muktē praṇayēdaśēṣam ||25||
viḍvātavēgō yadi cārdhadattē niṣkr̥ṣya muktē praṇayēdaśēṣam ||25||
uttAnadehashca kRutopadhAnaH syAdvIryamApnoti tathA~asya deham |26|
uttAnadehashca kRutopadhAnaH syAdvIryamApnoti tathA~asya deham |26|
</div></div>
If during middle of enema administration, the patient gets an urge to pass feces or flatus, the enema nozzle should be drawn out and the when the urge has passed away, the remaining solution, should be injected. The patient should lie supine on bed with his body in a raised position by means of a pillow in such a way that the effect of the enema pervades the whole body. [25-251/2]
If during middle of enema administration, the patient gets an urge to pass feces or flatus, the enema nozzle should be drawn out and the when the urge has passed away, the remaining solution, should be injected. The patient should lie supine on bed with his body in a raised position by means of a pillow in such a way that the effect of the enema pervades the whole body. [25-251/2]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
एकोऽपकर्षत्यनिलं स्वमार्गात् पित्तं द्वितीयस्तु कफं तृतीयः||२६||
एकोऽपकर्षत्यनिलं स्वमार्गात् पित्तं द्वितीयस्तु कफं तृतीयः||२६||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
ēkō'pakarṣatyanilaṁ svamārgāt pittaṁ dvitīyastu kaphaṁ tr̥tīyaḥ||26||
ēkō'pakarṣatyanilaṁ svamārgāt pittaṁ dvitīyastu kaphaṁ tr̥tīyaḥ||26||
eko~apakarShatyanilaM svamArgAt pittaM dvitIyastu kaphaM tRutIyaH||26||
eko~apakarShatyanilaM svamArgAt pittaM dvitIyastu kaphaM tRutIyaH||26||
</div></div>
The first enema helps in the elimination of ''vata'', the second enema helps in the elimination of ''pitta'', and the third enema helps in the elimination of ''kapha'' from their ''ashaya'' (locations).[26]
The first enema helps in the elimination of ''[[vata]]'', the second enema helps in the elimination of ''[[pitta]]'', and the third enema helps in the elimination of ''[[kapha]]'' from their ''ashaya'' (locations).[26]
=== Follow up regimen after ''[[basti]]'' administration ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
प्रत्यागते कोष्णजलावसिक्तः शाल्यन्नमद्यात्तनुना रसेन|
प्रत्यागते कोष्णजलावसिक्तः शाल्यन्नमद्यात्तनुना रसेन|
तांश्चावमद्गीत सुखं ततश्च निद्रामुपासीत कृतोपधानः|३०|
तांश्चावमद्गीत सुखं ततश्च निद्रामुपासीत कृतोपधानः|३०|
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
pratyāgatē kōṣṇajalāvasiktaḥ śālyannamadyāttanunā rasēna|
pratyāgatē kōṣṇajalāvasiktaḥ śālyannamadyāttanunā rasēna|
tAMshcAvamadgIta sukhaM tatashca nidrAmupAsIta kRutopadhAnaH|30|
tAMshcAvamadgIta sukhaM tatashca nidrAmupAsIta kRutopadhAnaH|30|
</div></div>
After the ''basti dravya'' has come out, the patient should be sprinkled with tepid water, and thereafter, the diet containing ''shali''- rice along with thin meat – soup should be given.
After the ''[[basti]] dravya'' has come out, the patient should be sprinkled with tepid water, and thereafter, the diet containing ''shali''- rice along with thin meat – soup should be given.
In the evening, after the previous meal is digested, light food in small quantity should be given. Thereafter, ''anuvasana basti'' should be given to the patient for the over all nourishment.
In the evening, after the previous meal is digested, light food in small quantity should be given. Thereafter, ''anuvasana basti'' should be given to the patient for the over all nourishment.
For ''anuvasana basti'', medicated oil cooked by adding ''amla'' and ''vataghna dravya'' should be one- fourth in quantity of the fluid used for ''niruha basti''. After the administration of oil, the buttocks of the patient should be tapped with palms to prevent early return of the ''basti dravya''.
For ''anuvasana basti'', medicated oil cooked by adding ''amla'' and ''vataghna dravya'' should be one- fourth in quantity of the fluid used for ''niruha basti''. After the administration of oil, the buttocks of the patient should be tapped with palms to prevent early return of the ''[[basti]] dravya''.
The patient should lie on the bed in supine position, and the toe- joints of both of his legs should be pulled gently. The heel, calf and other painful parts should be massaged with the oil. Thereafter, the patient should take rest comfortably by keeping his head over a pillow.[27-291/2]
The patient should lie on the bed in supine position, and the toe- joints of both of his legs should be pulled gently. The heel, calf and other painful parts should be massaged with the oil. Thereafter, the patient should take rest comfortably by keeping his head over a pillow.[27-291/2]
=== Proportion according to ''[[dosha]]'' dominance ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
भागाः कषायस्य तु पञ्च, पित्ते स्नेहस्य षष्ठः प्रकृतौ स्थिते च||३०||
भागाः कषायस्य तु पञ्च, पित्ते स्नेहस्य षष्ठः प्रकृतौ स्थिते च||३०||
वाते विवृद्धे तु चतुर्थभागो, मात्रा निरूहेषु कफेऽष्टभागः|३१ |
वाते विवृद्धे तु चतुर्थभागो, मात्रा निरूहेषु कफेऽष्टभागः|३१ |
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
bhāgāḥ kaṣāyasya tu pañca, pittē snēhasya ṣaṣṭhaḥ prakr̥tau sthitē ca||30||
bhāgāḥ kaṣāyasya tu pañca, pittē snēhasya ṣaṣṭhaḥ prakr̥tau sthitē ca||30||
vAte vivRuddhe tu caturthabhAgo, mAtrA nirUheShu kaphe~aShTabhAgaH|31|
vAte vivRuddhe tu caturthabhAgo, mAtrA nirUheShu kaphe~aShTabhAgaH|31|
</div></div>
In ''niruha basti'', the decoction should be five parts. If this is intended to be given to a patient suffering from ''paittika'' disease or to a healthy person, then the quantity of ''sneha'' should be one sixth of the total quantity. For ''vatika'' diseases, the quantity should be one fourth of the total quantity. For ''kaphaja'' diseases, the quantity of ''sneha'' should be about 1/8th of the total quantity.[30-301/2]
In ''niruha basti'', the decoction should be five parts. If this is intended to be given to a patient suffering from ''paittika'' disease or to a healthy person, then the quantity of ''sneha'' should be one sixth of the total quantity. For ''vatika'' diseases, the quantity should be one fourth of the total quantity. For ''kaphaja'' diseases, the quantity of ''sneha'' should be about 1/8th of the total quantity.[30-301/2]
=== Dose of ''niruha basti'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
निरूहमात्रा प्रसृतार्धमाद्ये वर्षे ततोऽर्धप्रसृताभिवृद्धिः||३१||
निरूहमात्रा प्रसृतार्धमाद्ये वर्षे ततोऽर्धप्रसृताभिवृद्धिः||३१||
निरूहमात्रा प्रसृतप्रमाणा बाले च वृद्धे च मृदुर्विशेषः|३३|
निरूहमात्रा प्रसृतप्रमाणा बाले च वृद्धे च मृदुर्विशेषः|३३|
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
nirūhamātrā prasr̥tārdhamādyē varṣē tatō'rdhaprasr̥tābhivr̥ddhiḥ||31||
nirūhamātrā prasr̥tārdhamādyē varṣē tatō'rdhaprasr̥tābhivr̥ddhiḥ||31||
nirUhamAtrA prasRutapramANA bAle ca vRuddhe ca mRudurvisheShaH|33|
nirUhamAtrA prasRutapramANA bAle ca vRuddhe ca mRudurvisheShaH|33|
</div></div>
Start the dose of ''niruha'' with one ''prasrita'' (approx.80 ml) on 1st year, then increase ½ ''prasrita'' till 12th year; then increase one''prasrita'' till 18th year, reaching the maximum dose i.e., twelve''prasrita''. The dose after 70 years is equal to the dose of 16th year. In children and elderly person ''mridu basti'' should be given. [32-321/2]
Start the dose of ''niruha'' with one ''prasrita'' (approx.80 ml) on 1st year, then increase ½ ''prasrita'' till 12th year; then increase one''prasrita'' till 18th year, reaching the maximum dose i.e., twelve''prasrita''. The dose after 70 years is equal to the dose of 16th year. In children and elderly person ''mridu basti'' should be given. [32-321/2]
=== Table/cot for administration of ''[[basti]]'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
नात्युच्छ्रितं नाप्यतिनीचपादं सपादपीठं शयनं प्रशस्तम्||३३||
नात्युच्छ्रितं नाप्यतिनीचपादं सपादपीठं शयनं प्रशस्तम्||३३||
प्रधानमृद्वास्तरणोपपन्नं प्राक्शीर्षकं शुक्लपटोत्तरीयम्|३४|
प्रधानमृद्वास्तरणोपपन्नं प्राक्शीर्षकं शुक्लपटोत्तरीयम्|३४|
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
nātyucchritaṁ nāpyatinīcapādaṁ sapādapīṭhaṁ śayanaṁ praśastam||33||
nātyucchritaṁ nāpyatinīcapādaṁ sapādapīṭhaṁ śayanaṁ praśastam||33||
pradhAnamRudvAstaraNopapannaM prAkshIrShakaM shuklapaTottarIyam|34|
pradhAnamRudvAstaraNopapannaM prAkshIrShakaM shuklapaTottarIyam|34|
</div></div>
The cot or table used for ''basti'' should not be too high at head end, foot end should not be too low, having foot step. The table should be covered with soft bed and the patient should wear white dress and lie on the table facing the head to east. [33-331/2]
The cot or table used for ''[[basti]]'' should not be too high at head end, foot end should not be too low, having foot step. The table should be covered with soft bed and the patient should wear white dress and lie on the table facing the head to east. [33-331/2]
=== Diet after ''[[basti]]'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
भोज्यं पुनर्व्याधिमवेक्ष्य तद्वत् प्रकल्पयेद्यूषपयोरसाद्यैः||३४||
भोज्यं पुनर्व्याधिमवेक्ष्य तद्वत् प्रकल्पयेद्यूषपयोरसाद्यैः||३४||
सर्वेषु विद्याद्विधिमेतमाद्यं वक्ष्यामि बस्तीनत उत्तरीयान्|३५|
सर्वेषु विद्याद्विधिमेतमाद्यं वक्ष्यामि बस्तीनत उत्तरीयान्|३५|
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
bhōjyaṁ punarvyādhimavēkṣya tadvat prakalpayēdyūṣapayōrasādyaiḥ||34||
bhōjyaṁ punarvyādhimavēkṣya tadvat prakalpayēdyūṣapayōrasādyaiḥ||34||
sarveShu vidyAdvidhimetamAdyaM vakShyAmi bastInata uttarIyAn|35|
sarveShu vidyAdvidhimetamAdyaM vakShyAmi bastInata uttarIyAn|35|
</div></div>
''Yusha, kshira'' and ''mamsa rasa'' should be given as per the disease (''kapha, pitta'' and ''vata'' respectively). [34-341/2]
''Yusha, kshira'' and ''mamsa rasa'' should be given as per the disease (''[[kapha]], [[pitta]]'' and ''[[vata]]'' respectively). [34-341/2]
=== Various ''[[basti]]'' formulations ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
द्विपञ्चमूलस्य रसोऽम्लयुक्तः सच्छागमांसस्य सपूर्वपेष्यः||३५||
द्विपञ्चमूलस्य रसोऽम्लयुक्तः सच्छागमांसस्य सपूर्वपेष्यः||३५||
त्रिस्नेहयुक्तः प्रवरो निरूहः सर्वानिलव्याधिहरः प्रदिष्टः|
त्रिस्नेहयुक्तः प्रवरो निरूहः सर्वानिलव्याधिहरः प्रदिष्टः|
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
dvipañcamūlasya rasō'mlayuktaḥ sacchāgamāṁsasya sapūrvapēṣyaḥ||35||
dvipañcamūlasya rasō'mlayuktaḥ sacchāgamāṁsasya sapūrvapēṣyaḥ||35||
trisnehayuktaH pravaro nirUhaH sarvAnilavyAdhiharaH pradiShTaH|
trisnehayuktaH pravaro nirUhaH sarvAnilavyAdhiharaH pradiShTaH|
</div></div>
'''''Dvipanchamuladi''''':
'''''Dvipanchamuladi''''':
*''Āvapa dravya-amla rasa, ajamamsa''
*''Āvapa dravya-amla rasa, ajamamsa''
*''Guna- Sarva vatavyadhihara'' [35-351/2]
*''Guna- Sarva vatavyadhihara'' [35-351/2]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
स्थिरादिवर्गस्य बलापटोलत्रायन्तिकैरण्डयवैर्युतस्य||३६||
स्थिरादिवर्गस्य बलापटोलत्रायन्तिकैरण्डयवैर्युतस्य||३६||
स्याद्दीपनो मांसबलप्रदश्च चक्षुर्बलं चापि ददाति बस्तिः |
स्याद्दीपनो मांसबलप्रदश्च चक्षुर्बलं चापि ददाति बस्तिः |
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
sthirādivargasya balāpaṭōlatrāyantikairaṇḍayavairyutasya||36||
sthirādivargasya balāpaṭōlatrāyantikairaṇḍayavairyutasya||36||
syAddIpano mAMsabalapradashca cakShurbalaM cApi dadAti bastiH |
syAddIpano mAMsabalapradashca cakShurbalaM cApi dadAti bastiH |
</div></div>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;
|}
|}
''Guna-Dipana'', increases ''mamsa'' and ''bala''; ''chakshushya''.
''[[Guna]]-[[Deepana]]'', increases ''[[mamsa]]'' and ''bala''; ''chakshushya''.
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
एरण्डमूलं त्रिपलं पलाशा ह्रस्वानि मूलानि च यानि पञ्च||३८||
एरण्डमूलं त्रिपलं पलाशा ह्रस्वानि मूलानि च यानि पञ्च||३८||
आनाहपार्श्वामययोनिदोषान् गुल्मानुदावर्तरुजं च हन्यात्||४५||
आनाहपार्श्वामययोनिदोषान् गुल्मानुदावर्तरुजं च हन्यात्||४५||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
ēraṇḍamūlaṁ tripalaṁ palāśā hrasvāni mūlāni ca yāni pañca||38||
ēraṇḍamūlaṁ tripalaṁ palāśā hrasvāni mūlāni ca yāni pañca||38||
AnAhapArshvAmayayonidoShAn gulmAnudAvartarujaM ca hanyAt||45||
AnAhapArshvAmayayonidoShAn gulmAnudAvartarujaM ca hanyAt||45||
</div></div>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;
|-
|-
|}
|}
''Guna''- ''Dipana, lekhana,'' relieves the ''shula'' of ''uru, jangha, pada, prushtha'' and ''trik''. It pacifies the ''kaphavrita vata, vid-mutra-vata graha, adhmana, anaha, ashmari, sharkara, arsha, & grahanii dosha''. [38-45]
''[[Guna]]''- ''[[Deepana]], lekhana,'' relieves the ''shula'' of ''uru, jangha, pada, prushtha'' and ''trik''. It pacifies the ''[[kapha]]vrita [[vata]], vid-mutra-[[vata]] graha, adhmana, anaha, ashmari, sharkara, arsha, & grahanii dosha''. [38-45]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
यष्ट्याह्वयस्याष्टपलेन सिद्धं पयः शताह्वाफलपिप्पलीभिः|
यष्ट्याह्वयस्याष्टपलेन सिद्धं पयः शताह्वाफलपिप्पलीभिः|
सशर्करं क्षौद्रयुतं सुशीतं पित्तामयान् हन्ति सजीवनीयम्||४७||
सशर्करं क्षौद्रयुतं सुशीतं पित्तामयान् हन्ति सजीवनीयम्||४७||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
yaṣṭyāhvayasyāṣṭapalēna siddhaṁ payaḥ śatāhvāphalapippalībhiḥ|
yaṣṭyāhvayasyāṣṭapalēna siddhaṁ payaḥ śatāhvāphalapippalībhiḥ|
sasharkaraM kShaudrayutaM sushItaM pittAmayAn hanti sajIvanIyam||47||
sasharkaraM kShaudrayutaM sushItaM pittAmayAn hanti sajIvanIyam||47||
</div></div>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;
|}
|}
''Guna- Pitta roga naashaka''[46-47]
''[[Guna]]- [[Pitta]] roga naashaka''[46-47]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
द्विकार्षिकाश्चन्दनपद्मकर्धियष्ट्याह्वरास्नावृषसारिवाश्च|
द्विकार्षिकाश्चन्दनपद्मकर्धियष्ट्याह्वरास्नावृषसारिवाश्च|
सगुल्ममूत्रग्रहकामलादीन् सर्वामयान् पित्तकृतान्निहन्ति||५२||
सगुल्ममूत्रग्रहकामलादीन् सर्वामयान् पित्तकृतान्निहन्ति||५२||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
dvikārṣikāścandanapadmakardhiyaṣṭyāhvarāsnāvr̥ṣasārivāśca|
dvikārṣikāścandanapadmakardhiyaṣṭyāhvarāsnāvr̥ṣasārivāśca|
sagulmamUtragrahakAmalAdIn sarvAmayAn pittakRutAnnihanti||52||
sagulmamUtragrahakAmalAdIn sarvAmayAn pittakRutAnnihanti||52||
</div></div>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;
|}
|}
''Guna''- destroys ''daha, atisara, pradara, raktapitta, hrodroga, pandu roga, vishama jwara, gulma, mūtrakricchra, kaamala'' and ''pittaja vikara''.[48-52]
''[[Guna]]''- destroys ''daha, atisara, pradara, raktapitta, hrodroga, pandu roga, vishama [[jwara]], gulma, mūtrakricchra, kaamala'' and ''pittaja vikara''.[48-52]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
द्राक्षादिकाश्मर्यमधूकसेव्यैः ससारिवाचन्दनशीतपाक्यैः|
द्राक्षादिकाश्मर्यमधूकसेव्यैः ससारिवाचन्दनशीतपाक्यैः|
क्षीणे क्षते रेतसि चापि नष्टे पैत्तेऽतिसारे च नृणां प्रशस्तः||५५||
क्षीणे क्षते रेतसि चापि नष्टे पैत्तेऽतिसारे च नृणां प्रशस्तः||५५||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
drākṣādikāśmaryamadhūkasēvyaiḥ sasārivācandanaśītapākyaiḥ|
drākṣādikāśmaryamadhūkasēvyaiḥ sasārivācandanaśītapākyaiḥ|
kShINe kShate retasi cApi naShTe paitte~atisAre ca nRuNAM prashastaH||55||
kShINe kShate retasi cApi naShTe paitte~atisAre ca nRuNAM prashastaH||55||
</div></div>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;
''Daha, antardaha, pittaja atisara, mutrkricchra, kshataksheena, shukrakshaya'' [53-55]
''Daha, antardaha, pittaja atisara, mutrkricchra, kshataksheena, shukrakshaya'' [53-55]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
कोषातकारग्वधदेवदारुशार्ङ्गेष्टमूर्वाकुटजार्कपाठाः |
कोषातकारग्वधदेवदारुशार्ङ्गेष्टमूर्वाकुटजार्कपाठाः |
दद्यान्निरूहं कफरोगिणे ज्ञो मन्दाग्नये चाप्यशनद्विषे च|
दद्यान्निरूहं कफरोगिणे ज्ञो मन्दाग्नये चाप्यशनद्विषे च|
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
kōṣātakāragvadhadēvadāruśārṅgēṣṭamūrvākuṭajārkapāṭhāḥ |
kōṣātakāragvadhadēvadāruśārṅgēṣṭamūrvākuṭajārkapāṭhāḥ |
dadyAnnirUhaM kapharogiNe j~jo mandAgnaye cApyashanadviShe ca|
dadyAnnirUhaM kapharogiNe j~jo mandAgnaye cApyashanadviShe ca|
</div></div>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;
|}
|}
''Guna- kapha roga, mandāgni, anna dvesha''.[56-571/2]
''[[Guna]]- [[kapha]] roga, mandāgni, anna dvesha''.[56-571/2]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
पटोलपथ्यामरदारुभिर्वा सपिप्पलीकैः क्वथितैर्जलेऽग्नौ||५८||
पटोलपथ्यामरदारुभिर्वा सपिप्पलीकैः क्वथितैर्जलेऽग्नौ||५८||
हन्यात्तथा मारुतमूत्रसङ्गं बस्तेस्तथाऽऽटोपमथापि घोरम्||६०||
हन्यात्तथा मारुतमूत्रसङ्गं बस्तेस्तथाऽऽटोपमथापि घोरम्||६०||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
paṭōlapathyāmaradārubhirvā sapippalīkaiḥ kvathitairjalē'gnau||58||
paṭōlapathyāmaradārubhirvā sapippalīkaiḥ kvathitairjalē'gnau||58||
hanyAttathA mArutamUtrasa~ggaM bastestathA~a~aTopamathApi ghoram||60||
hanyAttathA mArutamUtrasa~ggaM bastestathA~a~aTopamathApi ghoram||60||
</div></div>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;
|}
|}
''Guņa- kapha roga, pandu roga, alasaka, aam dosha, maruta sanga, mutra sanga, basti atopa''.[58-60]
''[[Guņa]]- [[kapha]] roga, pandu roga, alasaka, aam dosha, maruta sanga, mutra sanga, basti atopa''.[58-60]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
रास्नामृतैरण्डविडङ्गदार्वीसप्तच्छदोशीरसुराह्वनिम्बैः|
रास्नामृतैरण्डविडङ्गदार्वीसप्तच्छदोशीरसुराह्वनिम्बैः|
निहत्य वातं ज्वलनं प्रदीप्य विजित्य रोगांश्च बलं करोति||६४||
निहत्य वातं ज्वलनं प्रदीप्य विजित्य रोगांश्च बलं करोति||६४||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
rāsnāmr̥tairaṇḍaviḍaṅgadārvīsaptacchadōśīrasurāhvanimbaiḥ|
rāsnāmr̥tairaṇḍaviḍaṅgadārvīsaptacchadōśīrasurāhvanimbaiḥ|
nihatya vAtaM jvalanaM pradIpya vijitya rogAMshca balaM karoti||64||
nihatya vAtaM jvalanaM pradIpya vijitya rogAMshca balaM karoti||64||
</div></div>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;
|}
|}
''Guņa''- Indicated in ''krimi, kushţha, prameha, bradhna, udara, ajīrņa, kapha roga''. Can also be given in ''apatarpita rogi'' due to ''ruksha aushadha''. It pacifies the ''vata'', increases ''agni'' & ''bala''.[61-64]
''[[Guņa]]''- Indicated in ''krimi, kushţha, prameha, bradhna, udara, ajīrņa, [[kapha]] roga''. Can also be given in ''apatarpita rogi'' due to ''ruksha aushadha''. It pacifies the ''[[vata]]'', increases ''agni'' & ''bala''.[61-64]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
पुनर्नवैरण्डवृषाश्मभेदवृश्चीरभूतीकबलापलाशाः |
पुनर्नवैरण्डवृषाश्मभेदवृश्चीरभूतीकबलापलाशाः |
दद्यान्निरूहं विधिना विविज्ञः स सर्वसंसर्गकृतामयघ्नः||६८||
दद्यान्निरूहं विधिना विविज्ञः स सर्वसंसर्गकृतामयघ्नः||६८||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
punarnavairaṇḍavr̥ṣāśmabhēdavr̥ścīrabhūtīkabalāpalāśāḥ |
punarnavairaṇḍavr̥ṣāśmabhēdavr̥ścīrabhūtīkabalāpalāśāḥ |
dadyAnnirUhaM vidhinA vivij~jaH sa sarvasaMsargakRutAmayaghnaH||68||
dadyAnnirUhaM vidhinA vivij~jaH sa sarvasaMsargakRutAmayaghnaH||68||
</div></div>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;
|}
|}
''Guņa- Tridoshaja and dvandaja roga nāshaka.''[65-68]
''[[Guņa]]- Tridoshaja and dvandaja roga nāshaka.''[65-68]
=== Maximum numbers of ''niruha basti'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
स्निग्धोष्ण एकः पवने समांसो द्वौ स्वादुशीतौ पयसा च पित्ते|
स्निग्धोष्ण एकः पवने समांसो द्वौ स्वादुशीतौ पयसा च पित्ते|
त्रयः समूत्राः कटुकोष्णतीक्ष्णाः कफे निरूहा न परं विधेयाः||६९||
त्रयः समूत्राः कटुकोष्णतीक्ष्णाः कफे निरूहा न परं विधेयाः||६९||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
snigdhōṣṇa ēkaḥ pavanē samāṁsō dvau svāduśītau payasā ca pittē|
snigdhōṣṇa ēkaḥ pavanē samāṁsō dvau svāduśītau payasā ca pittē|
trayaH samUtrAH kaTukoShNatIkShNAH kaphe nirUhA na paraM vidheyAH||69||
trayaH samUtrAH kaTukoShNatIkShNAH kaphe nirUhA na paraM vidheyAH||69||
</div></div>
The number of ''niruha basti'' is as follows-
The number of ''niruha basti'' is as follows-
''Niruha basti'' should not be given in excess of these specified numbers.[69]
''Niruha basti'' should not be given in excess of these specified numbers.[69]
=== Follow up diet for ''dosha'' dominance ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
रसेन वाते प्रतिभोजनं स्यात् क्षीरेण पित्ते तु कफे च यूषैः|
रसेन वाते प्रतिभोजनं स्यात् क्षीरेण पित्ते तु कफे च यूषैः|
योऽधीत्य विद्वानिह बस्तिकर्म करोति लोके लभते स सिद्धिम्||७१||
योऽधीत्य विद्वानिह बस्तिकर्म करोति लोके लभते स सिद्धिम्||७१||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
rasēna vātē pratibhōjanaṁ syāt kṣīrēṇa pittē tu kaphē ca yūṣaiḥ|
rasēna vātē pratibhōjanaṁ syāt kṣīrēṇa pittē tu kaphē ca yūṣaiḥ|
yo~adhItya vidvAniha bastikarma karoti loke labhate sa siddhim||71||
yo~adhItya vidvAniha bastikarma karoti loke labhate sa siddhim||71||
</div></div>
After the return of ''niruha basti, mamsarasa, ksheera,'' and ''yusha'' should be given along with rice in ''vata, pitta,'' and ''kapha'' diseases respectively. After prescribed light meal, in persons fit for ''anuvasana'' with ''bilva taila, jeevaniya taila'' and ''madanaphala siddha taila'' should be given in ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha'' diseases respectively. Here the complete details of best practices of ''basti'' administration are described; the intelligent physician who adopts it in practice will get success in the world. [70-71]
After the return of ''niruha basti, mamsarasa, ksheera,'' and ''yusha'' should be given along with rice in ''[[vata]], [[pitta]],'' and ''[[kapha]]'' diseases respectively. After prescribed light meal, in persons fit for ''anuvasana'' with ''bilva taila, jeevaniya taila'' and ''madanaphala siddha taila'' should be given in ''[[vata]], [[pitta]]'' and ''[[kapha]]'' diseases respectively. Here the complete details of best practices of ''[[basti]]'' administration are described; the intelligent physician who adopts it in practice will get success in the world. [70-71]
Thus ends the chapter [[Bastisutriyam Siddhi]]
Thus ends the chapter [[Bastisutriyam Siddhi]]
=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' ===
== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==
*Careful examination of ''dosha'' (vitiating factors), ''aushadha'' (potency of drugs), ''desha'' (place of living and body of patient), ''kala'' (season and time of administration), ''satmya'' (accustom), ''agni'' (factor responsible for process of digestion and metabolism), ''sattva'' (mind), ''oka'' (accustom due to continuous use), ''vaya'' (age) and ''bala'' (strength) is essential for success of ''basti'' therapy (enema). [Verse 6]
*Careful examination of ''[[dosha]]'' (vitiating factors), ''aushadha'' (potency of drugs), ''desha'' (place of living and body of patient), ''[[kala]]'' (season and time of administration), ''[[satmya]]'' (accustom), ''agni'' (factor responsible for process of digestion and metabolism), ''sattva'' (mind), ''oka'' (accustom due to continuous use), ''vaya'' (age) and ''bala'' (strength) is essential for success of ''[[basti]]'' therapy (enema). [Verse 6]
*The size, shape of enema apparatus should be decided as per patient’s ano-rectal dimensions.
*The size, shape of enema apparatus should be decided as per patient’s ano-rectal dimensions.
*The sequence of adding ''madhu'' (honey), ''saindhava'' (rock salt), then ''sneha'' followed by ''kalka'' (paste of herbs), ''kashaya'' (decoction) and ''avapa'' (additional powdered medicine) is important to prepare a ''basti'' formulation.
*The sequence of adding ''madhu'' (honey), ''saindhava'' (rock salt), then ''sneha'' followed by ''kalka'' (paste of herbs), ''kashaya'' (decoction) and ''avapa'' (additional powdered medicine) is important to prepare a ''[[basti]]'' formulation.
*''Basti'' shall always be administered when the patient is lying in left lateral position.
*''[[Basti]]'' shall always be administered when the patient is lying in left lateral position.
*Incorrect insertion of nozzle into anal canal, faulty enema pot, incorrect administration of ''basti'' may lead to complications.
*Incorrect insertion of nozzle into anal canal, faulty enema pot, incorrect administration of ''[[basti]]'' may lead to complications.
*Penetration and distribution of ''basti'' drugs increases as the number of consequently given ''basti'' increases. The first enema helps in the elimination of ''vata dosha'' from its own site i.e. from large intestine; the second enema helps in the elimination of ''pitta dosha'' from its site i.e. small intestine and duodenum, and the third enema helps in the elimination of ''kapha'' from its site i.e. stomach and upper gastro-intestinal tract.
*Penetration and distribution of ''[[basti]]'' drugs increases as the number of consequently given ''[[basti]]'' increases. The first enema helps in the elimination of ''[[vata dosha]]'' from its own site i.e. from large intestine; the second enema helps in the elimination of ''[[pitta dosha]]'' from its site i.e. small intestine and duodenum, and the third enema helps in the elimination of ''[[kapha]]'' from its site i.e. stomach and upper gastro-intestinal tract.
*The follow-up diet and lifestyle instructions are important to be followed by patient in order to achieve maximum efficacy of ''basti''.
*The follow-up diet and lifestyle instructions are important to be followed by patient in order to achieve maximum efficacy of ''[[basti]]''.
*The proportion of decoction in preparation of ''basti'' formulation shall be decided as per ''dosha'' dominance.
*The proportion of decoction in preparation of ''[[basti]]'' formulation shall be decided as per ''[[dosha]]'' dominance.
*The dose of ''basti'' differs according to age of patient. The minimum dose for patient of one year is half ''prasrita'' (approximately 40 ml) and maximum dose from age 18 years to 70 years is twelve ''prasrita'' (approximately 960 ml).
*The dose of ''[[basti]]'' differs according to age of patient. The minimum dose for patient of one year is half ''prasrita'' (approximately 40 ml) and maximum dose from age 18 years to 70 years is twelve ''prasrita'' (approximately 960 ml).
=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' ===
== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==
=== Factors to be considered before ''[[basti]]'' administration ===
Ten fold examination is advised before the administration of ''basti''. These examinations are slightly different from the ''dashavisha pariksha'' explained in the [[Vimana Sthana]].
Ten fold examination is advised before the administration of ''[[basti]]''. These examinations are slightly different from the ''dashavisha pariksha'' explained in the [[Vimana Sthana]].
''Basti'' should be administered after considering ''kala'' (''teekshna'' in ''sheeta kala, mridu'' in ''ushna kala''), ''bala, dosha'' (''teekshnadi basti'' in ''uttamadi bala'' of ''dosha''), ''roga'' (''teekshna, madhyama, mridu basti'' in ''uttamadi bala'' of ''dosha'', ''teekshna'' in ''kapha vata, mridu'' in ''raktapitta'', and ''madhyama'' in ''kaphapitta'')<ref>Dalhana, Commentator. Sushruta Samhita, Chikitsa Samhita, 38/71, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1996</ref> (Verse 6)
''[[Basti]]'' should be administered after considering ''kala'' (''teekshna'' in ''sheeta kala, mridu'' in ''ushna kala''), ''bala, [[dosha]]'' (''teekshnadi basti'' in ''uttamadi bala'' of ''[[dosha]]''), ''roga'' (''teekshna, madhyama, mridu basti'' in ''uttamadi bala'' of ''[[dosha]]'', ''teekshna'' in ''[[kapha]] [[vata]], mridu'' in ''raktapitta'', and ''madhyama'' in ''[[kapha]][[pitta]]'')<ref>Dalhana, Sushruta. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.38 Netrabasti vyapat Chikitsitam Adhyaya verse 71. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Sushruta Samhita. 2nd edition. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan;1996.</ref>
=== Age wise differentiation ===
While describing the age of the patient as 6, 20 and 12, the sequence changed to emphasize the fact that before 6th year and after 20th year of age there should be no variation in the size of ''netra'' (nozzle). After the 6th year, the size of the ''netra'' should be increased 1/3rd ''angula'' every year. Thus for the 12th year of age, the size of the ''netra'' becomes 8 ''angula''. After 12th year of age, the size should be increased ½ ''angula'' every year. Thus for a patient of 20 year age the size of ''netra'' becomes 12 ''angula''.
While describing the age of the patient as 6, 20 and 12, the sequence changed to emphasize the fact that before 6th year and after 20th year of age there should be no variation in the size of ''netra'' (nozzle). After the 6th year, the size of the ''netra'' should be increased 1/3rd ''angula'' every year. Thus for the 12th year of age, the size of the ''netra'' becomes 8 ''angula''. After 12th year of age, the size should be increased ½ ''angula'' every year. Thus for a patient of 20 year age the size of ''netra'' becomes 12 ''angula''.
The mouth of the ''netra'' is plugged with a ''varti'' to prevent foreign matter to enter into it when not in use.
The mouth of the ''netra'' is plugged with a ''varti'' to prevent foreign matter to enter into it when not in use.
One of the ''karnika'' fixed at level of 1/4th ''angula'' from the ''agrabhaga'' (anterior or rectal end) to limit the entry of ''netra'' beyond the ''guda vali''. The other 2 ''karnika'' placed at the ''mula bhaga'' (posterior or ''putaka'' end) will help in tying the ''basti putaka''.<ref>Chakrapanidutta, Commentator. Charaka samhita, Siddhi Sthana, 3/8-10, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1990</ref>
One of the ''karnika'' fixed at level of 1/4th ''angula'' from the ''agrabhaga'' (anterior or rectal end) to limit the entry of ''netra'' beyond the ''guda vali''. The other 2 ''karnika'' placed at the ''mula bhaga'' (posterior or ''putaka'' end) will help in tying the ''basti putaka''.<ref>Chakrapani, Charak. Siddhi Sthana, Cha.3 Bastisutriyam Siddhi Adhyaya ver.08-10. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Charak Samhita. 2nd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, 1990</ref>
''Vriņa basti netra''- 8 ''angula'' & ''mudgavahi srota'' at ''agrabhāga''.<ref>Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, Chikitsa Samhita, 35/11, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1996</ref>
''Vriņa basti netra''- 8 ''angula'' & ''mudgavahi srota'' at ''agrabhāga''.<ref>Sushruta. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.35 Netrabastipramana pravibhaga Chikitsitam Adhyaya verse 11. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 2nd ed. Varanasi: C Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan;1996.</ref>
'''Table showing measurements of Basti Netra<ref>Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, Chikitsa Samhita, 35/7-11, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1996</ref>''' (Verse 7-9)
'''Table showing measurements of Basti Netra<ref>Sushruta. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.35 Netrabastipramana pravibhaga Chikitsitam Adhyaya verse 7-11. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 2nd ed. Varanasi: C Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan;1996.</ref>'''
=== ''Basti yantra'' (instrument used for administration of enema) ===
In present practice enema can or pot are used for administering the ''niruha basti'' as it is having following advantages over the classical ''basti yantra''.
In present practice enema can or pot are used for administering the ''niruha basti'' as it is having following advantages over the classical ''basti yantra''.
*Easy & simple to administer
*Easy & simple to administer
*Sterile and disposable and hence no chances of infection
*Sterile and disposable and hence no chances of infection
In olden days due to non availability of rubber, the use of metallic nozzle as ''basti netra'' was seen. Texts have have given freedom for the changes if better options are available. Some conservative Ayurvedic practitioners believe that ''basti'' given by ''basti netra'' provides better result than the methods that are used in current practice. Vaidya H.S.Kasture has disapproved this fact by saying that among the 17 lakh ''basti'' given using the enema pot and enema catheter by him (till 2005) he has observed same efficacy as that of classical ''basti yantra'' except for a very few complications due to the enema pot and catheter (lecture given at national seminar held in 2005 at Jamnagar). In a research work carried out by Juneja.Y et.al. (Jamnagar, 2008)<ref>Juneja.Y et.al. Standardization of procedure of administration of Basti w.s.r. to Kshinashukra (oligozoospermia), Gujrat Ayured University, Jamnagar, 2008</ref> have concluded work that ''basti'' administered by classical ''yantra'' and enema pot - rubber catheter provided same effect. Considering all these it can be concluded that the use of enema pot and catheter is simple, economical, safe, and free from complications.(verse 10-11)
In olden days due to non availability of rubber, the use of metallic nozzle as ''basti netra'' was seen. Texts have have given freedom for the changes if better options are available. Some conservative Ayurvedic practitioners believe that ''[[basti]]'' given by ''basti netra'' provides better result than the methods that are used in current practice. Vaidya H.S.Kasture has disapproved this fact by saying that among the 17 lakh ''[[basti]]'' given using the enema pot and enema catheter by him (till 2005) he has observed same efficacy as that of classical ''basti yantra'' except for a very few complications due to the enema pot and catheter (lecture given at national seminar held in 2005 at Jamnagar). In a research work carried out by Juneja.Y et.al. (Jamnagar, 2008)<ref>Juneja.Y et.al. Standardization of procedure of administration of Basti w.s.r. to Kshinashukra (oligozoospermia), Gujrat Ayured University, Jamnagar, 2008</ref> have concluded work that ''[[basti]]'' administered by classical ''yantra'' and enema pot - rubber catheter provided same effect. Considering all these it can be concluded that the use of enema pot and catheter is simple, economical, safe, and free from complications.(verse 10-11)
=== Time of administration ===
''Shukla paksha'' of a lunar month is auspicious for initiating all good activities. Planning of ''basti'' according to ''paksha'' may not be practical in diseased. It may be ideally adopted in healthy.
''Shukla paksha'' of a lunar month is auspicious for initiating all good activities. Planning of ''[[basti]]'' according to ''paksha'' may not be practical in diseased. It may be ideally adopted in healthy.
''Harita'' has described ''krishna paksha'' of lunar month is suitable for the ''basti prayoga'' because, all the diseases treated during this period get cured forever (radical cure) and the Gods appear during the ''shukla paksha'' where as demons as well as diseases appear during the ''krishna paksha''. Therefore, according to Harita, diseases should be treated during ''krishna paksha''.)<ref>Chakrapanidutta, Commentator. Charaka samhita, Siddhi Sthana, 3/12-13, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1990</ref> (Verse 12 -13)
''Harita'' has described ''krishna paksha'' of lunar month is suitable for the ''[[basti]] prayoga'' because, all the diseases treated during this period get cured forever (radical cure) and the Gods appear during the ''shukla paksha'' where as demons as well as diseases appear during the ''krishna paksha''. Therefore, according to Harita, diseases should be treated during ''krishna paksha''.)<ref>Chakrapani, Charak. Sidhi Sthana, Cha.3 astisutiyam Siddhi Adhyaya ver.12-13. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Charak Samhita.2nd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan;1990 </ref> (Verse 12 -13)
=== Precautions during administration of enema ===
The ''basti dravya'' should be administered in one squeeze or compress. If there is interruption, and the ''putaka'' is compressed again to push the remaining ''basti dravya'' into rectum, then there is possibility of entry of air into the ''pakvashaya'' which is not desirable.<ref>Chakrapanidutta, Commentator. Charaka samhita, Siddhi Sthana, 3/13-20, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1990</ref> (Verse 13-19)
The ''[[basti]] dravya'' should be administered in one squeeze or compress. If there is interruption, and the ''putaka'' is compressed again to push the remaining ''[[basti]] dravya'' into rectum, then there is possibility of entry of air into the ''pakvashaya'' which is not desirable.<ref>Chakrapani, Charak. Sidhi Sthana, Cha.3 astisutiyam Siddhi Adhyaya ver.13-20. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Charak Samhita.2nd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan;1990</ref> (Verse 13-19)
==== ''Kalka'' ====
''Putoyavanyadi kalka'':
Name of drug Botanical Name Parts used
Puto Yavāni Tachyspermum ammi Seeds
{|class = "wikitable"
Madanaphala Randia Duamtorum Whole dried fruit
|-
Bilva Aegle marmaleos Root
!scope = "col"| Name of drug
Kushta Sasuurea Lappa Root
!scope = "col"| Botanical Name
!scope = "col"| Parts used
|-
|''Puto Yavani''
Pippali Piper longum Dried seeds
|Tachyspermum ammi
|Seeds
|-
|''Madanaphala''
|Randia Duamtorum
|Whole dried fruit
|-
|''Bilva''
|Aegle marmaleos
|Root
|-
|''Kushta''
|Sasuurea Lappa
|Root
|-
|''Vacha''
|Acorus calomus
|Rhizome
|-
|''Shatapushpa''
|Anethum Graveolense
|Seeds
|-
|''Musta''
|Cypurus rotundus
|Tuber
|-
|''Pippali''
|Piper longum
|Dried seeds
|-
|}
This is most commonly used ''kalka'' in the ''niruha'' described by Charaka. Whenever there is no mention of ''kalka dravya'', then it should be used. It is having ''vata-kaphahara, vatanulomana, malanulomana, deepana, pachana, srotoshodhana'' properties.
This is most commonly used ''kalka'' in the ''niruha'' described by Charak. Whenever there is no mention of ''kalka dravya'', then it should be used. It is having ''[[vata]]-[[kapha]]hara, vatanulomana, malanulomana, [[deepana]], [[pachana]], srotoshodhana'' properties.
According to the condition, ''hinguvachadi, shaddharana, vaishvanara churna'' can also be used.
According to the condition, ''hinguvachadi, shaddharana, vaishvanara churna'' can also be used.
==== Preparation of ''kalka'' ====
Very fine powder of the prescribed drug are taken in ''khalva'' and combined one by one with the pestle. Add warm water to the powder and mash the mixture with pestle for 1-2 minutes. Now ''kalka'' is ready for use.
Very fine powder of the prescribed drug are taken in ''khalva'' and combined one by one with the pestle. Add warm water to the powder and mash the mixture with pestle for 1-2 minutes. Now ''kalka'' is ready for use.
==== Dose of ''kalka'' ====
*Charaka has not mentioned the dose of ''kalka''
*Charak has not mentioned the dose of ''kalka''
*Sushruta mentions it as one ''prasrita''
*Sushruta mentions it as one ''prasrita''
*According to Vriddha Vagbhata, 1/8th of 12 ''prasrita''=1.5 ''prasrita''
*According to Vriddha Vagbhata, 1/8th of 12 ''prasrita''=1.5 ''prasrita''
*Jatukarna, Vrinda Madhava, Chakrapani told two ''Pala''
*Jatukarna, Vrinda Madhava, Chakrapani told two ''Pala''
==== Utility of ''kalka'' ====
*''Kalka'' confers the viscosity (''sandrata'') to the ''basti dravya'' and will not change the volume.
*''Kalka'' confers the viscosity (''sandrata'') to the ''[[basti]] dravya'' and will not change the volume.
*''Kalka'' helps in retention of enema
*''Kalka'' helps in retention of enema
*''Kalka'' helps in ''pratyagamana'' (return)of ''basti dravya'' within the stipulated time
*''Kalka'' helps in ''pratyagamana'' (return)of ''[[basti]] dravya'' within the stipulated time
*Prevents ''ayoga'' (insufficient action), ''adhmana'' (flatulence) etc. ''upadrava''
*Prevents ''ayoga'' (insufficient action), ''adhmana'' (flatulence) etc. ''upadrava''
=== Rationale for mixing sequence of ''[[basti]]'' ===
*''Madhu''- ''mangalakaraka'' auspicious
*''Madhu''- ''mangalakaraka'' auspicious
*''Saindhava''- disintegrates (''bhedana'') the ''picchilata, bahulatva'' and ''kashayatva'' of ''madhu''
*''Saindhava''- disintegrates (''bhedana'') the ''picchilata, bahulatva'' and ''kashayatva'' of ''madhu''
*Sneha- ekibhāvaya kalpate (homogeneous)
*''Sneha''- ''ekibhavaya kalpate'' (homogeneous)
*Kalka- samsrujyate ca aśu (quickly disperses & mixes)
*''Kalka''- ''samsrujyate cha ashu'' (quickly disperses & mixes)
*Kashāya for samatam vrajet (mixture becomes homogenous)
*''Kashaya'' for ''samatam vrajet'' (mixture becomes homogenous)
*Mūtra- increases the action & potency basti.<ref>Kashyapa, Kashyapa Samhita, Siddhisthana, chapter 1, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1990</ref>
*''Mutra''- increases the action & potency ''[[basti]]''.<ref>Kashyapa, Kashyapa Samhita, Siddhisthana, chapter 1, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1990</ref>
This is very important concept for enhancing bio availability of rectally administered drugs. Honey, rock salt (saindhava), unctuous material (sneha) and paste of medicines (kalka) are found commonly in all the therapeutic enema ([[basti]]). They act as the vehicle to enhance the effect of drugs administered rectally and also has specific action depending upon their own properties. Actually [[basti]] is a homogeneous oil in water type of emulsion somewhat similar to milk which is best example of natural emulsion. Studies on certain drugs suggest significant bio-availability enhancement relative to their aqueous formulations.<ref>Constantinides, P.P., Scalart, J., Lancaster, C. et al. Formulation and Intestinal Absorption Enhancement Evaluation of Water-in-Oil Microemulsions Incorporating Medium-Chain Glycerides. Pharm Res 11, 1385–1390 (1994)</ref> This effect is attributed to the reduced droplet size, improved drug solubility, protection against enzymatic hydrolysis and potential for enhance absorption afforded by surfactant induced membrane fluidity and thus permeability changes.<ref>E. C. Swenson and W. J. Curatolo. Intestinal permeability enhancement for proteins, peptides and other polar drugs: mechanisms and potential toxicity. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 8: 39–92, (1992).</ref> In case of [[basti]] combination of honey and rock salt mainly acts as surfactant. Classical texts also gives mode of action of this combination as to disintegrate [[kapha dosha]] and detach it from its site ([[Kapha]]chedana-[[Kapha]]vilayana) which signifies the changes in permeability.
=== Suitable position for administration ===
The patient, before the ''[[basti]] pranidana'' (administration), is required to lie down on his left side on a bed which has uniform level or which is low in the head side. These two alternatives are described for the comfort of the patient. This can be explained in a different way also. If the patient has a bulky buttock, then the head side of the cot should be uniform. If he has thin buttock, then the head side of bed should be lowered to facilitate the uniform distribution of ''[[basti]] dravya'' in the body.
When the patient lies on his left side, both the grahaņi and guda remain in normal position. ''[[Basti]]'' administered in this position gets absorbed properly and distributed easily. In this position, the sphincters remain relaxed. Therefore, the enema fluid enters into rectum easily without any obstruction and impregnates the ''grahani'' to produce the desired therapeutic effect.<ref>Chakrapani, Charak. Sidhi Sthana, Cha.3 astisutiyam Siddhi Adhyaya ver.24-25. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Charak Samhita.2nd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan;1990</ref>
''[[Basti]]'' drug reaches first to the ''pakvashaya'' and then to the ''grahani''. ''Pakvashaya'' is the site of ''pureeshadhara kala'' and ''grahani'' is the site of ''pittadhara kala''. So [[basti]] directly acts on ''pureeshadhara kala'' and ''pittadhara kala''.
Commentator Dalhana has commented that ''pureeshadhara kala'' and ''asthidhara kala'' are same and ''pittadhara kala'' and ''majjadhara kala'' are one and same.<ref>Dalhana, Sushruta. Kalpa Sthana, Cha.4 Sarpadashtavisha vijnaniya kalpa Adhyaya verse 40. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 2nd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1996</ref>.So from these evidences it is clear that ''[[basti]]'' has direct action on ''[[asthi dhatu]]'' and ''[[majja dhatu]]''. ''Majja'' is present in the ''asthi''. Also ''mastulunga'' is considered as ''mastaka majja''.<ref>Dalhana, Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.32 Swabhava viprtipatti Adhyaya verse 12. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 2nd ed. Varanasi:Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1996</ref> ''Vata nadi'' are also made by ''majja'' which is the seat of ''[[vata dosha]]''. So in this way, ''[[basti]]'' is useful in the disorders of central nervous system.
It is thought that an enema introduced would never ascend so high as the stomach. There is a referance from the Best and Taylor that “materials introduced by enema, in some instances pass through the walls into the ilium, such incompetence may permit the enema fluid to reach the duodenum.” Also the possibility of materials from even the lower bowel, reaching the mouth is strongly suggested by the fact that lycopodium sporce, introduced into the colon by enema, has been recovered some hours later from washing of the stomach.<ref>Best and Taylor, Physiological Basis of Medicine</ref>
It is thought that an enema introduced would never ascend so high as the stomach. There is a reference from the Best and Taylor that “materials introduced by enema, in some instances pass through the walls into the ilium, such incompetence may permit the enema fluid to reach the duodenum.” Also the possibility of materials from even the lower bowel, reaching the mouth is strongly suggested by the fact that lycopodium sporce, introduced into the colon by enema, has been recovered some hours later from washing of the stomach.<ref>Best and Taylor, Physiological Basis of Medicine</ref>
=== ''[[Dosha]]'' specific dose ===
For ''vata prakopa'', one ''basti'', for ''pitta prakopa'' one ''basti'' and for ''kapha prakopa'' one ''basti'' should be given. It is not that three ''basti prayoga'' for ''tridosha prakopa'', the first ''basti'' eliminates the ''vata'', second ''pitta'' and third, ''kapha''. The author himself will explain the need of giving one ''basti'' for ''vayu,'' two for ''pitta'' and three for ''kapha'' in verse no. 69. Thus, the one ''basti'' eliminates the aggravated ''vata'' from its location, two of them (given on after the other) eliminate the ''pitta'' from its location and three of them (given on after the other) eliminate ''kapha'' from its location.
For ''[[vata]] prakopa'', one ''[[basti]]'', for ''[[pitta]] prakopa'' one ''[[basti]]'' and for ''[[kapha]] prakopa'' one ''[[basti]]'' should be given. It is not that three ''[[basti]] prayoga'' for ''tridosha prakopa'', the first ''[[basti]]'' eliminates the ''[[vata]]'', second ''[[pitta]]'' and third, ''[[kapha]]''. The author himself will explain the need of giving one ''[[basti]]'' for ''[[vata]],'' two for ''[[pitta]]'' and three for ''[[kapha]]'' in verse no. 69. Thus, the one ''[[basti]]'' eliminates the aggravated ''[[vata]]'' from its location, two of them (given on after the other) eliminate the ''[[pitta]]'' from its location and three of them (given on after the other) eliminate ''[[kapha]]'' from its location.
''Basti'' is given to eliminate the aggravated ''vata'' from ''pakvashaya''. But as specific effect, this ''basti'' is also capable of eliminating the aggravated ''dosha'' even from the locations of ''pitta'' and ''kapha''. Thus, in general ''basti'' eliminates the ''vata'' from ''pakvashaya''. But by the application of special methods, this ''basti'' becomes capable of eliminating the ''dosha'' from other parts.
''[[Basti]]'' is given to eliminate the aggravated ''[[vata]]'' from ''pakvashaya''. But as specific effect, this ''[[basti]]'' is also capable of eliminating the aggravated ''[[dosha]]'' even from the locations of ''[[pitta]]'' and ''[[kapha]]''. Thus, in general ''[[basti]]'' eliminates the ''[[vata]]'' from ''pakvashaya''. But by the application of special methods, this ''[[basti]]'' becomes capable of eliminating the ''[[dosha]]'' from other parts.
''Basti'' is, no doubt, not the most effective therapy for aggravated ''pitta'' and ''kapha''. But it is very effective only when these two ''dosha'' are associated with aggravated ''vata''.<ref>Chakrapanidutta, Commentator. Charaka samhita, Siddhi Sthana, 3/26, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1990</ref>
''[[Basti]]'' is, no doubt, not the most effective therapy for aggravated ''[[pitta]]'' and ''[[kapha]]''. But it is very effective only when these two ''[[dosha]]'' are associated with aggravated ''[[vata]]''.<ref>Chakrapani, Charak. Siddhi Sthana, Cha.3 Bastisutriya Siddhi Adhyaya ver.26. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Charak Samhita.2nd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan,1990</ref>
=== Diet ===
The patient is instructed to take the thin meat soup etc. after ''niruha basti'' to protect his ''agni'' which is slightly reduced due to therapy. ''Peyadi krama'' is not necessary after ''niruha''.
The patient is instructed to take the thin meat soup etc. after ''niruha basti'' to protect his ''agni'' which is slightly reduced due to therapy. ''Peyadi krama'' is not necessary after ''niruha''.
''Niruha basti'' does not cause ''agnimandya, bala kshaya, prana kshaya'' like ''virechana'', so ''peyadi krama'' is not needed. Bhoja stated that the ''virechana'' causes ''agnimandya'' by ''adhisthana samplavat'' whereas ''basti'' does not decrease the ''agni'' instead kindles it.<ref>Chakrapanidutta, Commentator. Charaka samhita, Siddhi Sthana, 1/20-21, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1990</ref>
''Niruha basti'' does not cause ''agnimandya, bala kshaya, prana kshaya'' like ''[[virechana]]'', so ''peyadi krama'' is not needed. Bhoja stated that the ''[[virechana]]'' causes ''agnimandya'' by ''adhisthana samplavat'' whereas ''[[basti]]'' does not decrease the ''agni'' instead kindles it.<ref>Chakrapani, Charak. Sidhi Sthana, Cha.1 Kalpana Siddhi Adhyaya ver.20-21. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Charak Samhita. 2nd ed. Varanasi:Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan,1990</ref>
=== Ratio of combination ===
The above-mentioned ratio of decoction and ''sneha'' should be adopted even if the ''niruha basti'' is administered in minimum quantity. Apart from the decoction and ''sneha'', the ''niruha kalpana'' also contains ''madhu, kalka,'' and ''saindhava'' etc. The quantity of these ingredients is variable according to the ''dosha, prakriti'' etc. of the patient. However, the quantity of the ingredients should be such that it should make the kalpana equal to 12 ''prasrita'' in total.
The above-mentioned ratio of decoction and ''sneha'' should be adopted even if the ''niruha basti'' is administered in minimum quantity. Apart from the decoction and ''sneha'', the ''niruha kalpana'' also contains ''madhu, kalka,'' and ''saindhava'' etc. The quantity of these ingredients is variable according to the ''[[dosha]], [[prakriti]]'' etc. of the patient. However, the quantity of the ingredients should be such that it should make the kalpana equal to 12 ''prasrita'' in total.
''Jatukarna'' has prescribed two ''pala'' of paste to be added to the ''basti kalpana''. According to him, six ''pala'' of ''sneha'' for ''vata roga'' and for healthy persons; four ''pala'' of ghee should be added for ''pitta roga'' and three ''pala'' of ''taila'' for ''kapha roga''. ''Saindhava'' should be added in one ''tola'' dose.
''Jatukarna'' has prescribed two ''pala'' of paste to be added to the ''[[basti]] kalpana''. According to him, six ''pala'' of ''sneha'' for ''[[vata]] roga'' and for healthy persons; four ''pala'' of ghee should be added for ''[[pitta]] roga'' and three ''pala'' of ''taila'' for ''[[kapha]] roga''. ''Saindhava'' should be added in one ''tola'' dose.
Sushruta has described one ''tola saindhava'' and 2 ''prasrita madhu'' for ''basti kalpana''.<ref>Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, Chikitsa Samhita, 38/37, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1996</ref>
Sushruta has described one ''tola saindhava'' and 2 ''prasrita madhu'' for ''[[basti]] kalpana''.<ref>Sushruta. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.38 Niruhakrama Chikitsitam Adhyaya verse 37. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 2nd ed. Varanasi:Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, 1996</ref>
''Harita'' has prescribed one ''prasrita'' of honey and one ''tola'' of ''saindhava''.
''Harita'' has prescribed one ''prasrita'' of honey and one ''tola'' of ''saindhava''.
Use of these ''avapa'' is also described in Harita Samhita.
Use of these ''avapa'' is also described in Harita Samhita.
In the exact quantity of these ingredients are told as follows - ''saindhava''-1 ''tola'', ''madhu''-2 ''prasrita'', ''sneha''-3 ''prasrita'', ''kalka''-1 ''prasrita'', kashaya-4 ''prasrita'' and ''avapa''-2 ''prasrita''. Thus, the total quantity becomes 12 ''prasrita'' ½ which is rounded to 12 prasruta. This kalpanā is meant for vāta roga.<ref>Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, Chikitsa Samhita, 38/37-39, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1996</ref>
In the exact quantity of these ingredients are told as follows - ''saindhava''-1 ''tola'', ''madhu''-2 ''prasrita'', ''sneha''-3 ''prasrita'', ''kalka''-1 ''prasrita'', kashaya-4 ''prasrita'' and ''avapa''-2 ''prasrita''. Thus, the total quantity becomes 12 ''prasrita'' ½ which is rounded to 12 prasruta. This kalpanā is meant for vāta roga.<ref>Sushruta. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.38 Niruhakrama Chikitsitam Adhyaya verse 37-39. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 2nd ed. Varanasi:Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, 1996</ref>
Charak recommended five ''prasrita'' of ''kashaya'' to be added. Sushruta recommended four ''prasrita''.This change in the quantity of ''kashaya'' is not acceptable.<ref>Chakrapani, Charak. Sutra Sthana, Cha.3 Bastisutriyam Siddhi Adhyaya ver.31. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Charak Samhita.2nd ed. Varanasi:Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1990</ref>
''Basti kalpana'' according to ''dosha'':<ref>Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, Chikitsa Samhita, 38/29-32, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1996</ref>
''[[Basti]] kalpana'' according to ''[[dosha]]'':<ref>Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, Chikitsa Samhita, 38/29-32, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1996</ref>
Ingredients of Basti Vāta Pitta Kapha Svastha
{|class = "wikitable"
Madhu 1 ½ Prasruta 2 Prasruta 3 Prasruta 2 Prasruta
|-
Saindhava 1 Tolā 1 Tolā 1 Tolā 1 Tolā
!scope = "col"|Ingredients of ''[[Basti]]''
Sneha 3 Prasruta 2 Prasruta 1 ½ Prasruta 2 Prasruta
!scope = "col"|''[[Vata]]''
Kalka 1 Prasruta 1 Prasruta 1 Prasruta 1 Prasruta
!scope = "col"|''[[Pitta]]''
!scope = "col"|''[[Kapha]]''
!scope = "col"|''[[Swastha]]''
|-
|''Madhu''
|1 ½ ''Prasrita''
|2 ''Prasrita''
|3 ''Prasrita''
|2 ''Prasrita''
|-
|''Saindhava''
|1 ''Tola''
|1 ''Tola''
|1 ''Tola''
|1 ''Tola''
|-
|''Sneha''
|3 ''Prasrita''
|2 ''Prasrita''
|1 ½ ''Prasrita''
|2 ''Prasrita''
|-
|''Kalka''
|1 ''Prasrita''
|1 ''Prasrita''
|1 ''Prasrita''
|1 ''Prasrita''
|-
|''Kwatha''
|5 ''Prasrita''
|5 ''Prasrita''
|5 ''Prasrita''
|5 ''Prasrita''
|-
|''Avapa Dravya ''
|1 ½ ''Prasrita''
|2 ''Prasrita''
|1 ½ ''Prasrita''
|2 ''Prasrita''
|-
|}
In case of a healthy person (marked by an equilibrium of ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha''), the solution to be administered should be composed of four parts of the decoction of drugs and one part (a fifth part of the ''basti'') of the ''sneha'' (any oleaginous substance). In any case marked by a preponderance of the deranged ''vata'', the ''sneha'' should measure a quarter part of the whole, one-sixth in a case of a preponderance of the deranged ''pitta'' and an eighth part in a case of the deranged ''kapha''. In a case of aggravation of all the (three) ''dosha'', the ''kalka'' should measure an eighth part (of the entire quantity of ''basti dravya''), and the following drugs, viz. salt, honey, cow's urine, ''phala'' (''madana''), milk, ''avapa'' (additives) such as ''kanjika'', etc. and soup of meat. In formulating ''niruha basti'' the dosage should be determined by a due consideration of the requirements in each case. When the ''kalka'', the ''sneha'', and the decoction would be well mixed together, the solution for administration should be considered to have been well prepared. The application of such a solution would be supposed to produce the desired results. Dalhana says that of the whole mixture measuring 12 ''prasrita'' (twenty-four ''palas''), there should be four ''prasrita'' of the decoction, and so on.<ref>Dalhana, Commentator. Sushruta Samhita, Sutrasthana, 38/29-32, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1996</ref>
In case of a healthy person (marked by an equilibrium of ''[[vata]], [[pitta]]'' and ''[[kapha]]''), the solution to be administered should be composed of four parts of the decoction of drugs and one part (a fifth part of the ''[[basti]]'') of the ''sneha'' (any oleaginous substance). In any case marked by a preponderance of the deranged ''[[vata]]'', the ''sneha'' should measure a quarter part of the whole, one-sixth in a case of a preponderance of the deranged ''[[pitta]]'' and an eighth part in a case of the deranged ''[[kapha]]''. In a case of aggravation of all the (three) ''[[dosha]]'', the ''kalka'' should measure an eighth part (of the entire quantity of ''[[basti]] dravya''), and the following drugs, viz. salt, honey, cow's urine, ''phala'' (''madana''), milk, ''avapa'' (additives) such as ''kanjika'', etc. and soup of meat. In formulating ''niruha basti'' the dosage should be determined by a due consideration of the requirements in each case. When the ''kalka'', the ''sneha'', and the decoction would be well mixed together, the solution for administration should be considered to have been well prepared. The application of such a solution would be supposed to produce the desired results. Dalhana says that of the whole mixture measuring 12 ''prasrita'' (twenty-four ''palas''), there should be four ''prasrita'' of the decoction, and so on.<ref>Dalhana,Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.38 Dravyasangrahaniya Adhyaya verse 29-32. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 2nd ed. Varanasi:Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, 1996</ref>
Vrinda Madhava has given different formula as follows: <ref>Vrinda Madhava</ref>
''Vrinda Madhava'' has given different formula as follows: <ref>Vrinda Madhava</ref>
{|class = "wikitable"
Madhu 3 4 6
|-
Sneha 6 4 3
!scope = "col"|''Kalpana''
Kalka 2 2 2
!scope = "col"|Qty in ''Pala'' for ''[[Vata]]''
!scope = "col"|Qty in ''Pala'' for ''[[Pitta]]''
!scope = "col"|Qty in ''Pala'' for ''[[Kapha]]''
Total 24 Pala or 12 Prasruta 24 pal 24 Pala
|-
|''Madhu''
|3
|4
|6
|-
|''Sneha''
|6
|4
|3
|-
|''Kalka''
|2
|2
|2
|-
|''Kashaya''
|10
|10
|10
|-
|''Avapa''
|3
|4
|3
|-
!scope = "col"|Total
!scope = "col"|24 ''pala'' or 12 ''prasrita''
!scope = "col"|24 ''pala''
!scope = "col"|24 ''pala''
|-
|}
=== Procedures after ''[[basti]]'' ===
After the manifestation of ''samyak nirudha'' symptoms, the patient should be advised to take bathe (in hot water) and to take meat-soup (''rasa''), milk and pulse-soup (''yusha'') in diseases due to the action of the deranged ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha'' respectively. The essence (''rasa'') of the meat of any ''jangala'' animal may, however, be prescribed in all cases under the circumstances, since it would produce no harm. Only a quarter, a half or three-quarter part of the usual diet should be prescribed according to the digestive capacity of the patient, and the nature and intensity of the ''dosha'' involved in each case.<ref>Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, Chikitsa Samhita, 38/11-13, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1996</ref>
After the manifestation of ''samyak nirudha'' symptoms, the patient should be advised to take bathe (in hot water) and to take meat-soup (''rasa''), milk and pulse-soup (''yusha'') in diseases due to the action of the deranged ''[[vata]], [[pitta]]'' and ''[[kapha]]'' respectively. The essence (''rasa'') of the meat of any ''jangala'' animal may, however, be prescribed in all cases under the circumstances, since it would produce no harm. Only a quarter, a half or three-quarter part of the usual diet should be prescribed according to the digestive capacity of the patient, and the nature and intensity of the ''[[dosha]]'' involved in each case.<ref>Sushruta. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.38 Niruhakrama Chikitsitam Adhyaya verse 11-13. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 2nd ed. Varanasi:Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1996.</ref>
After ''anuvasana, yusha, ksheera'' and ''mamsa rasa, yusha, ksheera'' and ''mamsa rasa'' should be given along with ''anna'' in ''[[kapha]], [[pitta]]'' and ''[[vata]]'' respectively. ''Peya'' should not be given as it causes ''abhishyandana'' of ''koshtha'' because of ''sneha'' in ''koshtha''.<ref>Sushruta. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.37 Anuvasanautarabasti Chikitsitam Adhyaya verse 57. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 2nd ed. Varanasi:Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1996.</ref>
=== ''Dvipanchalamudi basti'' ===
This ''[[basti]]'' is also highlighted in Ashtanga Hridaya which is detailed below for a practical understanding.
''Dvipanchalamudi'' (A.H.Ka.4/4):
==== Dvipanchalamudi basti ====
{|class = "wikitable"
|-
!scope = "col"|''Dravya''
!scope = "col"|Dose (classics)
!scope = "col"|Practicing Dose
|-
|''Madhu''
|2 ''Prasrita''
|200ml
|-
|''Saindhava''
|1 ''Karsha''
|12gm
|-
|''Sneha-trisneha''(''sukumara ghrita +sahacharadi taila + vasa'')
|4 ''Prasrita''
|150ml+150ml
|-
|''Kalka- putoyavanadi''*
|1 ''Prasrita''
|30gm
|-
|''Kvatha dravya-laghupanchamula, brihatpanchamula''
|5 ''Prasrita''
|400ml
|-
|''Avapa dravya-amla rasa, ajamamsa''
|1 ''Pala''
|50gm
|-
|}
''Guņa- Sarva vātavyādhihara''
=== ''Niruha basti'' ===
In the same method given in verses, the skilled physician should administer second, third or fourth ''niruha basti'' or till ''samyak nirudha'' and then stop.<ref>Sushruta. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.37 Anuvasanauttarabasti Chikitsitam Adhyaya verse 6-7. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 2nd ed. Varanasi:Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1996</ref>
Dalhaņa while commenting has justified that, in ''krura koshtha'' if improperly administered or if ''sunirudha lakshana'' not observed and ''[[dosha]]'' to be eliminated are present, in such condition fourth ''[[basti]]'' should be used judiciously.<ref>Dalhana,Sushruta. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.38 Niruhakrama Chikitsitam Adhyaya verse 3-6. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 2nd ed. Varanasi:Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1996</ref>
Some other considered fourth ''basti'' is advocated for ''rakta''. Some other considered that the fourth ''basti'' with ''madhura'' and ''sheeta dravya'' for ''daha nirvapana''.<ref>Dalhana, Commentator. Sushruta Samhita, Sutrasthana, 38/7, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1996</ref>
Some other considered fourth ''[[basti]]'' is advocated for ''[[rakta]]''. Some other considered that the fourth ''[[basti]]'' with ''madhura'' and ''sheeta dravya'' for ''daha nirvapana''.<ref>Dalhana,Sushruta. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.38 Niruhakrama Chikitsitam Adhyaya verse 7. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 2nd ed. Varanasi:Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1996</ref>
Some others opine that the ''utkleshana, shodhana'' and ''shamana basti'' should be formulated sequentially.<ref>Vagbhata, Ashtanga Hridaya, Sutrasthana, 19/61, Choukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2002</ref>
Some others opine that the ''utkleshana, [[shodhana]]'' and ''shamana [[basti]]'' should be formulated sequentially.<ref>Vagbhata. Sutra Sthana, Cha.19 Bastividhi Adhyaya. Verse 61 In: Harishastri Paradkar Vaidya, Editors. Ashtanga Hridayam. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000. p.1-23.</ref>
In case of ''sannipata dosha'' also three ''basti'' are enough as mentioned in order of ''dosha'' above. Hence, some other physicians do not desire a fourth ''basti'' as there is no fourth ''dosha'' for which ''basti'' is to be given.<ref>Vagbhata, Ashtanga Hridaya, Sutrasthana, 19/56, Choukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2002</ref>
In case of ''sannipata [[dosha]]'' also three ''[[basti]]'' are enough as mentioned in order of ''[[dosha]]'' above. Hence, some other physicians do not desire a fourth ''[[basti]]'' as there is no fourth ''[[dosha]]'' for which ''[[basti]]'' is to be given.<ref>Vagbhata. Sutra Sthana, Cha.19 Bastividhi Adhyaya. Verse 56 In: Harishastri Paradkar Vaidya, Editors. Ashtanga Hridayam. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000. p.1-23.</ref>
The physicians regard that there is no more than three ''basti'' should be given because there is no fourth ''dosha'' to give ''basti''.<ref>Vagbhata, Ashtanga Hridaya, Sutrasthana, 19/60, Choukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2002</ref>
The physicians regard that there is no more than three ''[[basti]]'' should be given because there is no fourth ''[[dosha]]'' to give ''[[basti]]''.<ref>Vagbhata, Ashtanga Hridaya, Sutrasthana, 19/60, Choukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2002</ref>
Vagbhata another context in the same chapter told that after self returning (''svayam nivritti'') second, third or fourth ''basti'' should be given or till ''samyak nirudha lakshana''.<ref>Vagbhata, Ashtanga Hridaya, Sutrasthana, 19/49-50, Choukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2002</ref>
Vagbhata another context in the same chapter told that after self returning (''svayam nivritti'') second, third or fourth ''[[basti]]'' should be given or till ''samyak nirudha lakshana''.<ref>Vagbhata. Sutra Sthana, Cha.19 Bastividhi Adhyaya. Verse 49-50 In: Harishastri Paradkar Vaidya, Editors. Ashtanga Hridayam. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000. p.1-23.</ref>
Arunadatta commenting on above verse, told that ''svayameva'' means, without stimulation by ''phalavarti'' etc. If by stimulus i.e. ''phalavarti, tīkshņa virechana'' etc. are used, then subsequent ''basti'' should not be given. Fourth, fifth ''basti'' etc. can be given till ''samyak nirudha lakshana'' are observed.<ref>Arunadatta, Commentator. Ashtanga Hridaya, Sutrasthana, 19/49-50, Choukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2002</ref>
Arunadatta commenting on above verse, told that ''svayameva'' means, without stimulation by ''phalavarti'' etc. If by stimulus i.e. ''phalavarti, tīkshņa [[virechana]]'' etc. are used, then subsequent ''[[basti]]'' should not be given. Fourth, fifth ''[[basti]]'' etc. can be given till ''samyak nirudha lakshana'' are observed.<ref>Arunadatta, Vagbhata. Sutra Sthana, Cha.19 Bastividhi Adhyaya verse 3. In: Harishastri Paradkar Vaidya, Editors. Ashtanga Hridayam. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000.p.4.</ref>
''Vaidya'' Kasture referring to the Sushruta’s view told that, one should not administer more than four ''basti'' in a day; otherwise it causes ''pakvashaya kshobha'' (irritation of colon).
''Vaidya'' Kasture referring to the Sushruta’s view told that, one should not administer more than four ''[[basti]]'' in a day; otherwise it causes ''pakvashaya kshobha'' (irritation of colon).
So the above discussion may be concluded that the second, third or fourth ''basti'' can be given after assessing the ''doshadi'' factors<ref>Charaka, Charaka samhita, Siddhi Sthana, 3/6, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2nd edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1990</ref> in following conditions-
So the above discussion may be concluded that the second, third or fourth ''[[basti]]'' can be given after assessing the ''doshadi'' factors<ref>Charak. Siddhi Sthana, Cha.3 Bastsutriyam Siddhi Adhyaya verse 06. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Charak Samhita.2nd ed. Varanasi:Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1990</ref> in following conditions-
*After the self returning of first ''basti'' without any stimulation.
*After the self returning of first ''[[basti]]'' without any stimulation.
*If ''sunirudha lakshana'' are not observed
*If ''sunirudha lakshana'' are not observed
*If the ''dosha'' and ''mala'' are not eliminated in ''krura koshtha'' patient
*If the ''[[dosha]]'' and ''[[mala]]'' are not eliminated in ''krura koshtha'' patient
</div>
<big>'''[[Special:ContactMe|Send us your suggestions and feedback on this page.]]'''</big>
== References ==
<div id="BackToTop" class="noprint" style="background-color:#DDEFDD; position:fixed;
<div id="BackToTop" class="noprint" style="background-color:#DDEFDD; position:fixed;
bottom:32px; left:2%; z-index:9999; padding:0; margin:0;"><span style="color:blue;
bottom:32px; left:2%; z-index:9999; padding:0; margin:0;"><span style="color:blue;