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Asthi literally means bone or that entity which stays or doesn’t get destroyed easily. Asthi dhatu is a body component similar to bone (osseous) tissue. Its important function is to hold body frame (dharana). It provides stability to the body and forms skeleton.<ref>Available from  http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/sat</ref>(SAT-B.436)

Asthi literally means bone or that entity which stays or doesn’t get destroyed easily. Asthi dhatu is a body component similar to bone (osseous) tissue. Its important function is to hold body frame (dharana). It provides stability to the body and forms skeleton.<ref>Available from  http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/sat</ref>(SAT-B.436)

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|data5 = carakasamhita@gmail.com

|data5 = carakasamhita@gmail.com

|label6 = Date of first publication:

|label6 = Publisher

|data6 = June 2, 2020

 

|label7 = Date of first publication:

|data7 = June 2, 2020

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== Metabolism and Development ==

== Metabolism and Development ==

The asthi dhatu is formed from its predecessor adipose tissue ([[meda dhatu]]). The nourishing portion of adipose tissue ([[meda dhatu]]) and constituents of nutrient fluid (ahara rasa) are transformed into asthi dhatu by action of factors responsible for its metabolism (asthi dhatvagni). [[Agni mahabhuta]] and [[vayu mahabhuta]] play a major role in the solidification and roughness of asthi by acting upon [[Prithvi mahabhuta]] components of adipose tissue ([[meda dhatu]]).[Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/30]  

The asthi dhatu is formed from its predecessor adipose tissue ([[meda dhatu]]). The nourishing portion of adipose tissue ([[meda dhatu]]) and constituents of nutrient fluid (ahara rasa) are transformed into asthi dhatu by action of factors responsible for its metabolism (asthi dhatvagni). [[Agni mahabhuta]] and [[vayu mahabhuta]] play a major role in the solidification and roughness of asthi by acting upon [[prithvi mahabhuta]] components of adipose tissue ([[meda dhatu]]).[Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/30]  

Porosity in bones are due to actions of [[vayu]] and [[akasha]] mahabhuta. [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/30]

Porosity in bones are due to actions of [[vayu]] and [[akasha]] mahabhuta. [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/30]

There are total 360 well-formed asthi in human body. [Cha. Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 7/6].  

There are total 360 well-formed asthi in human body. [Cha. Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 7/6].  

Sushruta opines the total number as 300. [Su.Sa Sharira Sthana  5/18]

Sushruta opines the total number as 300. [Su.Sa. Sharira Sthana  5/18]

Currently, most sources state that there are total 270 bones in human body at the time of birth. Many bones fuse together and the count comes to 206 separate bones. This number does not include small sesamoid bones. <ref>Steele, D. Gentry; Claud A. Bramblett (1988). The Anatomy and Biology of the Human Skeleton. Texas A&M University Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-89096-300-5 Available from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone#cite_note-1 cited on28/05/2020.</ref><ref>Mammal anatomy : an illustrated guide. New York: Marshall Cavendish. 2010. p. 129. ISBN 9780761478829. Available from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skeleton#cite_note-1 cited on 28/05/2020.</ref>

Currently, most sources state that there are total 270 bones in human body at the time of birth. Many bones fuse together and the count comes to 206 separate bones. This number does not include small sesamoid bones. <ref>Steele, D. Gentry; Claud A. Bramblett (1988). The Anatomy and Biology of the Human Skeleton. Texas A&M University Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-89096-300-5 Available from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone#cite_note-1 cited on28/05/2020.</ref><ref>Mammal anatomy : an illustrated guide. New York: Marshall Cavendish. 2010. p. 129. ISBN 9780761478829. Available from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skeleton#cite_note-1 cited on 28/05/2020.</ref>

=== Time span ===

=== Time span ===

The asthi dhatu is formed on 5th day from the nutrient fluid (ahara rasa). [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/20-21] However, Sushruta opines that the asthi dhatu is formed in a time span of 12060 kala (twenty days). [Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 14/14]

The asthi dhatu is formed on 5th day from the nutrient fluid (ahara rasa). [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/20-21] However, Sushruta opines that the asthi dhatu is formed in a time span of 12060 kala (twenty days). [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 14/14]

== Characteristics of best quality or essence (asthisara) ==  

== Characteristics of best quality or essence (asthisara) ==  

*Bone tissue is one of the eight locations of wounds (vrana). The other sites are skin, blood vessels, flesh, fat, ligament, vital parts and viscera. [Cha. Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 25/26]

*Bone tissue is one of the eight locations of wounds (vrana). The other sites are skin, blood vessels, flesh, fat, ligament, vital parts and viscera. [Cha. Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 25/26]

*When vitiated vata is located in bones and marrow, it leads to splitting pain of bones and joints, arthralgia, loss of muscle strength, insomnia, and continuous pain. [Cha Sa [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/33]

*When vitiated vata is located in bones and marrow, it leads to splitting pain of bones and joints, arthralgia, loss of muscle strength, insomnia, and continuous pain. [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/33]

*When the vata is occluded by the osseous tissue, the patient likes hot touch (local sudation) and pressing. He has splitting pain and feels as though his body is being pricked with needles. [Cha Sa [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/66]

*When the vata is occluded by the osseous tissue, the patient likes hot touch (local sudation) and pressing. He has splitting pain and feels as though his body is being pricked with needles. [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/66]

*When the wound(vrana) is deep to affect bones due to different types of injuries or destruction by the aggravated doshas, it looks like an oyster shell. There is discharge(srava) mixed with marrow and blood.[Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 22/8]

*When the wound(vrana) is deep to affect bones due to different types of injuries or destruction by the aggravated doshas, it looks like an oyster shell. There is discharge(srava) mixed with marrow and blood.[Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 22/8]

=== List of theses ===

=== List of theses ===

#Patel Kalapi B (2001) : A clinical study on the development of subtype of abhyanga with reference to its role in the management of griva-hundana (cervical spondylosis) , Department of Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar.

1.Patel Kalapi B (2001) : A clinical study on the development of subtype of abhyanga with reference to its role in the management of griva-hundana (cervical spondylosis) , Department of Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar.

#Alpesh Joshi(2004) : A clinical study on the role of matra basti and shamana yoga in the management of sandhivata (osteoarthritis), Department of Kayachikitsa, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar.

2.Alpesh Joshi(2004) : A clinical study on the role of matra basti and shamana yoga in the management of sandhivata (osteoarthritis), Department of Kayachikitsa, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar.

#Praveen Kumar KC (2005):Effect of vachadi upanaha and vachadi ghana-vati in sandhigata-vata w.s.r. to osteoarthritis, department of Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar.

3.Praveen Kumar KC (2005):Effect of vachadi upanaha and vachadi ghana-vati in sandhigata-vata w.s.r. to osteoarthritis, department of Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar.

#Mayuri Shah (2006):A comparative study of matra basti and some indigenous compound drug in the management of sandhigata vata (osteoarthritis), Department of Kayachikitsa, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar.

4.Mayuri Shah (2006):A comparative study of matra basti and some indigenous compound drug in the management of sandhigata vata (osteoarthritis), Department of Kayachikitsa, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar.

#Md. Babul akter(2006) : Clinical study on sandhigata vata with special reference to osteoarthritis and its management by panchatiktaghritaguggulu, Department of Kayachikitsa, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar.

5.Md. Babul akter(2006) : Clinical study on sandhigata vata with special reference to osteoarthritis and its management by panchatiktaghritaguggulu, Department of Kayachikitsa, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar.

#Dhaval M Dholakiya(2012) :  A clinical study on sandhigata vata (osteoarthritis) and its management with dashmoola ghrita and nirgundi tail, Department of Kayachikitsa, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar.

6.Dhaval M Dholakiya(2012) :  A clinical study on sandhigata vata (osteoarthritis) and its management with dashmoola ghrita and nirgundi tail, Department of Kayachikitsa, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar.

#Jayadipkumar P Shah(2008): Effect of tikta kshira basti and patra pinda sweda in the management of cervical spondylosis (asthigata vata), Department of Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar.

7.Jayadipkumar P Shah(2008): Effect of tikta kshira basti and patra pinda sweda in the management of cervical spondylosis (asthigata vata), Department of Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar.

#Ajay K Gupta (2010):Effect of majjabasti&asthishrinkhala in the management of osteoporosis w.s.r. to asthi-majjakshaya-a clinical study, Department of Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar.

8.Ajay K Gupta (2010):Effect of majjabasti&asthishrinkhala in the management of osteoporosis w.s.r. to asthi-majjakshaya-a clinical study, Department of Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar.

#Saurabh R Bhuva(2012) : A comparative study of matra basti and brimhana snehana by asthishrinkhala ghrita in the management of asthi-majjakshaya w.s.r. to osteopenia / osteoporosis, Department of Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar.

9.Saurabh R Bhuva(2012) : A comparative study of matra basti and brimhana snehana by asthishrinkhala ghrita in the management of asthi-majjakshaya w.s.r. to osteopenia / osteoporosis, Department of Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar.

#Chugh Deepa Surender Pal (2014): A comparative study of shwadanshtradibasti and chitrakadighrita in management of sandhivata with special reference to osteoarthritis, Department of Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar.

10.Chugh Deepa Surender Pal (2014): A comparative study of shwadanshtradibasti and chitrakadighrita in management of sandhivata with special reference to osteoarthritis, Department of Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar.

== More information ==  

== More information ==  

[[ Vividhashitapitiya Adhyaya]], [[ Grahani Chikitsa]]

[[ Vividhashitapitiya Adhyaya]], [[ Grahani Chikitsa]]

== External links ==  

== External links ==  

*Cha. = Charak  

*Cha. = Charak  

*Su. = Sushruta

*Su. = Sushruta

*Sha. =Sharangadhara

*Sha. =Sharangadhara

*Sa. = Samhita

*Sa. = Samhita

==References==

==References==