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|title=Asthapana basti

|titlemode=append

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|keywords=Asthapana basti,niruha basti, kashaya basti, Adarsh P. M., Deole Y.S., Basisht G., Types of asthapana basti, Mridu asthapana basti (mild potency), Teekshna asthapana basti (strong potency), Utkleshana basti, Doshahara basti, Dosha shamana basti, Yapana basti, Piccha basti (enema for healing), Ksheera basti (enema with medicated milk), Rakta basti (enema with animal blood), Doshaghna basti, Vataghna basti, Pittaghna basti, Kaphaghna basti, Rakta shamana basti, Shodhana basti, Lekhana basti, Brimhana basti, Grahi basti, Madhutailika basti, Yuktaratha basti, Siddha basti, Vaitarana basti, Ksheera vaitarana basti, Ardhamatrika basti, Vrishya basti, Chakshushya basti, Churna basti, Indications of asthapana basti, Ingredients of niruha basti, Procedure of administration of asthapana basti

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|keywords=Asthapana basti,niruha basti, [[Kashaya|kashaya]] basti, Adarsh P. M., Deole Y.S., Basisht G., Types of asthapana basti, Mridu asthapana basti (mild potency), Teekshna asthapana basti (strong potency), Utkleshana basti, Doshahara basti, Dosha shamana basti, Yapana basti, Piccha basti (enema for healing), Ksheera basti (enema with medicated milk), Rakta basti (enema with animal blood), Doshaghna basti, Vataghna basti, Pittaghna basti, Kaphaghna basti, Rakta shamana basti, Shodhana basti, Lekhana basti, Brimhana basti, Grahi basti, Madhutailika basti, Yuktaratha basti, Siddha basti, Vaitarana basti, Ksheera vaitarana basti, Ardhamatrika basti, Vrishya basti, Chakshushya basti, Churna basti, Indications of asthapana basti, Ingredients of niruha basti, Procedure of administration of asthapana basti

|description=Asthapana basti or niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) is a prime treatment for disorders due to vitiation of vata dosha.

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

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|type=article

}}

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Asthapana basti or niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) is a prime treatment for disorders due to vitiation of [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]]. It can expel out the increased [[Dosha|dosha]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 1/27]<ref name="ref1">Charak. Charak Samhita. Edited by Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000.</ref> Niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) can pacify [[Vata dosha|vata]] at its root i.e. colon. Thus, it protects the whole [[Sharira|body]] from [[Vyadhi|diseases]] due to [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]]. Both asthapana (therapeutic decoction enema) and [[Virechana|virechana]] (therapeutic purgation) remove the [[Dosha|doshas]] from the [[Sharira|body]] through the colon. Asthapana basti (therapeutic decoction enema) has the advantage of eliminating [[Dosha|dosha]] without causing difficulties like belching, pain in the heart region and koshtha (gut). [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 10/07]<ref name="ref1"/> Niruha (therapeutic decoction enema) can be administered in weak persons, where [[Virechana|virechana]] is contraindicated. (therapeutic purgation) [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/86]<ref name="ref1"/> [[Virechana|Virechana]] (therapeutic purgation) is contraindicated in children and old people, whereas asthapana (therapeutic decoction enema) can be used for lifetime. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 10/07]<ref name="ref1"/> This chapter focuses on the concept and practices of asthapana basti (therapeutic decoction enema).

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Asthapana basti or niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) is a prime treatment for disorders due to vitiation of [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]]. It can expel out the increased [[Dosha|dosha]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 1/27]<ref name="ref1">Charak. Charak Samhita. Edited by Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000.</ref> Niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) can pacify [[Vata dosha|vata]] at its root i.e. colon. Thus, it protects the whole [[Sharira|body]] from [[Vyadhi|diseases]] due to [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]]. Both asthapana (therapeutic decoction enema) and [[Virechana|virechana]] (therapeutic purgation) remove the [[Dosha|doshas]] from the [[Sharira|body]] through the colon. Asthapana basti (therapeutic decoction enema) has the advantage of eliminating [[Dosha|dosha]] without causing difficulties like belching, pain in the heart region and [[Koshtha|koshtha]] (gut). [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 10/07]<ref name="ref1"/> Niruha (therapeutic decoction enema) can be administered in weak persons, where [[Virechana|virechana]] is contraindicated. (therapeutic purgation) [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/86]<ref name="ref1"/> [[Virechana|Virechana]] (therapeutic purgation) is contraindicated in children and old people, whereas asthapana (therapeutic decoction enema) can be used for lifetime. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 10/07]<ref name="ref1"/> This chapter focuses on the concept and practices of asthapana basti (therapeutic decoction enema).

{{Infobox

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|label2 = Authors

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|data2 = Adarsh P. M. 1, Deole Y.S. 2

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|data2 = Adarsh P. M. 1, [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]]2

|label3 = Reviewer & Editor

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|data3 = Basisht G.3

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|data3 = [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]3

|label4 = Affiliations

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== Etymology and derivation ==

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Asthapana: The word asthapana is derived from aan, stha with lyut suffix in Sanskrit. This means to stay in one place (for longer time). Asthapana prevents the aging process by fixing the malfunctioning [[Dosha|dosha]].<ref name="ref2">www.wisdomlib.org. Asthapana, Āsthāpana: 7 definitions [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 July 31st]. Available from https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/asthapana.</ref> Niruha: The word niruha is derived from nir (निर्) (privative)+ uha (ऊहा) (reasoning)+ karane (करणे घञ्). Thus, the word niruha stands for the treatment whose effect is beyond reasoning (or effective without any doubt). Synonyms: Asthapana basti, niruha basti, kashaya basti

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Asthapana: The word asthapana is derived from aan, stha with lyut suffix in Sanskrit. This means to stay in one place (for longer time). Asthapana prevents the aging process by fixing the malfunctioning [[Dosha|dosha]].<ref name="ref2">www.wisdomlib.org. Asthapana, Āsthāpana: 7 definitions [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 July 31st]. Available from https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/asthapana.</ref> Niruha: The word niruha is derived from nir (निर्) (privative)+ uha (ऊहा) (reasoning)+ karane (करणे घञ्). Thus, the word niruha stands for the treatment whose effect is beyond reasoning (or effective without any doubt). Synonyms: Asthapana basti, niruha basti, [[Kashaya|kashaya]] basti

== Types of asthapana basti ==

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Teekshna asthapana basti (strong potency): The [[Basti|basti]] with strong potency is indicated in [[Vyadhi|diseases]] of prolonged duration, challenging to cure, and having maximum strength. It can be administered in persons having superior mental strength (pravara sattva). The [[Basti|basti]] will get sharpness (teekshnatvam), when it gets added with cow’s urine (gomutra), [[Pilu|pilu (Salvadora persica Linn)]], [[Chitraka|Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica)]], salt ([[Lavana|lavana]]) and alkali (kshara).</li></ol>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Based on effect (karma): </li>

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<ol type="a"><li style="font-weight:bold">Utkleshana basti: ~~~~This type of [[Basti|basti]] is intended to aggravate [[Dosha|dosha]] in dormant state (leena avastha). After initial aggravation, the [[Basti|basti]] expelles the [[Dosha|dosha]] to create equilibrium. ~~~~[[Eranda|Eranda]] beeja (seed of Ricinus communis), [[Madhuka|madhuka (Madhuka longifolia)]], [[Pippali|pippali (Piper longum)]], saindhava (rock salt) and hapusha phala (Juniperus communis Linn.) as kalka are the ingredients of utkleshana basti. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 35/93]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<ol type="a"><li style="font-weight:bold">Utkleshana basti: This type of [[Basti|basti]] is intended to aggravate [[Dosha|dosha]] in dormant state (leena avastha). After initial aggravation, the [[Basti|basti]] expelles the [[Dosha|dosha]] to create equilibrium. [[Eranda|Eranda]] beeja (seed of Ricinus communis), [[Madhuka|madhuka (Madhuka longifolia)]], [[Pippali|pippali (Piper longum)]], saindhava (rock salt) and [[Hapusha|hapusha phala (Juniperus communis Linn.)]] as kalka are the ingredients of utkleshana basti. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 35/93]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Doshahara basti : This pacifies [[Dosha|dosha]] by removing them.The ingredients of doshahara basti are satahva (Anethum sowa), [[Madhuka|madhuka (Madhuca longifolia)]], kutaja beeja (Holarrhena antidysenterica), madanaphala (Randia dumetorum) along with kanjika (fermented rice gruel) and gomutra (cow’s urine). [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 35/94]<ref name="ref3" />.</li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Doshahara basti : This pacifies [[Dosha|dosha]] by removing them. The ingredients of doshahara basti are satahva (Anethum sowa), [[Madhuka|madhuka (Madhuca longifolia)]], [[Kutaja|kutaja]] beeja (Holarrhena antidysenterica), [[Madanaphala|madanaphala]] (Randia dumetorum) along with kanjika (fermented rice gruel) and gomutra (cow’s urine). [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 35/94]<ref name="ref3" />.</li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">[[Dosha|Dosha]] shamana basti: This pacifies [[Dosha|dosha]] with mild potency.Priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla), [[Madhuka|Madhuka (Madhuca longifolia)]], Musta (Cyperus rotundus), Rasanjana (semisolid extract obtained from decotion of Berberis aristata with milk) along with cow’s milk (goksheera) are the ingredients. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 35/95]<ref name="ref3" /></li></ol>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">[[Dosha|Dosha]] shamana basti: This pacifies [[Dosha|dosha]] with mild potency. Priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla), [[Madhuka|Madhuka (Madhuca longifolia)]], [[Musta|Musta (Cyperus rotundus)]], Rasanjana (semisolid extract obtained from decotion of Berberis aristata with milk) along with cow’s milk (goksheera) are the ingredients. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 35/95]<ref name="ref3" /></li></ol>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Yapana basti (enema for sustaining life) Yapana bastis can be administered in all seasons. There are 12 types of yapana bastis mentioned and they are indicated in different stages of all [[Vyadhi|diseases]]. They serve the action of niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) and sneha basti (therapeutic unctuous enema). Mustadi yapana basti. shaliparnyadi yapana basti, sthiradi yapana basti are examples of yapana basti. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 12/16-17]<ref name="ref1" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">[[Yapana basti|Yapana basti]] (enema for sustaining life) [[Yapana basti|Yapana bastis]] can be administered in all seasons. There are 12 types of yapana bastis mentioned and they are indicated in different stages of all [[Vyadhi|diseases]]. They serve the action of niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) and sneha basti (therapeutic unctuous enema). Mustadi yapana basti. shaliparnyadi yapana basti, sthiradi yapana basti are examples of [[Yapana basti|yapana basti]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 12/16-17]<ref name="ref1" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Piccha basti (enema for healing) Piccha basti is a kind of asthapana basti prepared using slimy (picchila) dravyas. It is indicated in conditions like diarrhea (atisara), where there is bleeding from rectum. [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/93]<ref name="ref1" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">[[Piccha basti|Piccha basti (enema for healing)]] [[Piccha basti|Piccha basti]] is a kind of asthapana basti prepared using slimy (picchila) dravyas. It is indicated in conditions like [[Atisara Chikitsa|diarrhea (atisara)]], where there is bleeding from rectum. [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/93]<ref name="ref1" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Ksheera basti (enema with medicated milk) The type of asthapana basti where medicated milk (shrita ksheera) is used instead of decoction is known as ksheera basti. It is also a kind of mridu basti (basti with mild potency). It is indicated mainly in [[Vyadhi|diseases]] like vatarakta (rheumatism due to vitiated [[Vata dosha|vata]] and rakta), sandhigata vata (degenerative joint disorder), visarpa (erysipelas), vatavyadhi (disorders due to [[Vata dosha|vata]]) etc.</li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Ksheera basti (enema with medicated milk) The type of asthapana basti where medicated milk (shrita ksheera) is used instead of decoction is known as ksheera basti. It is also a kind of mridu basti (basti with mild potency). It is indicated mainly in [[Vyadhi|diseases]] like [[Vatarakta Chikitsa|vatarakta]] (rheumatism due to vitiated [[Vata dosha|vata]] and [[Rakta dhatu|rakta]]), sandhigata vata (degenerative joint disorder), [[Visarpa Chikitsa|visarpa (erysipelas)]], [[Vatavyadhi Chikitsa|vatavyadhi]] (disorders due to [[Vata dosha|vata]]) etc.</li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Rakta basti (enema with animal blood) Rakta basti contains the blood of freshly killed animals which is indicated mainly in atisara(diarrhea) where the patient is debilitated by losing blood through the rectum. It is indicated in raktatisara (ulcerative colitis with blood in stools) and jeevadana vyapat of [[Virechana|virechana]] (therapeutic purgation) and basti (therapeutic enema). [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 6/82]<ref name="ref1" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Rakta basti (enema with animal blood) Rakta basti contains the blood of freshly killed animals which is indicated mainly in [[Atisara Chikitsa|atisara(diarrhea)]] where the patient is debilitated by losing blood through the rectum. It is indicated in raktatisara (ulcerative colitis with blood in stools) and jeevadana vyapat of [[Virechana|virechana]] (therapeutic purgation) and [[Basti|basti (therapeutic enema)]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 6/82]<ref name="ref1" /></li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Doshaghna basti</li>

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<ol type="a"><li style="font-weight:bold">Vataghna basti In [[Vyadhi|diseases]] having the aggravation [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]], the basti processed with the decoction prepared out of drugs having the property to pacify [[Vata dosha|vata]] (vataghna aushadha). Trividha sneha (combination of three snehas viz ghee, plant oil and muscle fat.), amla dravyas (drugs having sour taste) and saindhava (rock salt) is used. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/77]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<ol type="a"><li style="font-weight:bold">Vataghna basti In [[Vyadhi|diseases]] having the aggravation [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]], the [[Basti|basti]] processed with the decoction prepared out of drugs having the property to pacify [[Vata dosha|vata]] (vataghna aushadha). Trividha sneha (combination of three snehas viz [[Ghee|ghee]], plant oil and muscle fat.), [[Amla|amla]] dravyas (drugs having sour taste) and saindhava (rock salt) is used. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/77]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Pittaghna basti In [[Vyadhi|diseases]] associated with pitta dosha, basti (therapeutic enema) processed with the decoction of nyagrodhadi gana combined with kakolyadi gana as kalka (paste) along with ghee and sugar is advised. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/78]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Pittaghna basti In [[Vyadhi|diseases]] associated with [[Pitta dosha|pitta dosha]], [[Basti|basti (therapeutic enema)]] processed with the decoction of nyagrodhadi gana combined with kakolyadi gana as kalka (paste) along with [[Ghee|ghee]] and sugar is advised. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/78]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Kaphaghna basti In [[Vyadhi|diseases]] having an association of kapha dosha, basti (therapeutic enema) processed with the decoction of aragvadhadi gana combined with pippalyadi gana as kalka (medicinal paste) along with honey, cow’s urine (gomutra) is to be used. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/79]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Kaphaghna basti In [[Vyadhi|diseases]] having an association of [[Kapha dosha|kapha dosha]], [[Basti|basti (therapeutic enema)]] processed with the decoction of aragvadhadi gana combined with pippalyadi gana as kalka (medicinal paste) along with honey, cow’s urine (gomutra) is to be used. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/79]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Rakta shamana basti In [[Vyadhi|diseases]] having loss of blood (shonita pravrutti), the enema processed with the decoction prepared out of ksheeri vrikshas (group of trees starting from nyagrodha) combined with sugar cane juice), milk, ghee, and sugar is used. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/80]<ref name="ref3" /></li></ol>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Rakta shamana basti In [[Vyadhi|diseases]] having loss of blood (shonita pravrutti), the enema processed with the decoction prepared out of ksheeri vrikshas (group of trees starting from nyagrodha) combined with sugar cane juice), milk, [[Ghee|ghee]], and sugar is used. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/80]<ref name="ref3" /></li></ol>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Shodhana basti The enema, which is processed with the decoction and medicinal paste of shodhana dravyas (group of drugs with purifying action), with rock salt and unctuous substance (sneha) is known as the shodhana basti. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/81]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">[[Shodhana|Shodhana basti]] The enema, which is processed with the decoction and medicinal paste of shodhana dravyas (group of drugs with purifying action), with rock salt and unctuous substance (sneha) is known as the [[Shodhana|shodhana basti]]. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/81]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Lekhana basti: The enema is processed with the decoction of triphala, cow’s urine, honey, alkali (kshara) and combined with ushakadi gana as a medicinal paste (kalka), known as lekhana basti. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/82]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Brimhana basti: The basti processed with the decoction of drugs having the nourishing property(brimhana) combined with the drugs having a sweet taste (madhura rasa) as a medicinal paste (kalka) along with ghee and meat soup (mamsarasa) is known as brimhana basti. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/83]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">[[Brimhana|Brimhana]] basti: The basti processed with the decoction of drugs having the nourishing property([[Brimhana|brimhana]]) combined with the drugs having a [[Madhura|sweet taste (madhura rasa)]] as a medicinal paste (kalka) along with [[Ghee|ghee]] and meat soup (mamsarasa) is known as [[Brimhana|brimhana]] basti. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/83]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Grahi basti The enema is processed with the drugs of priyangvadi gana combined with ambashtadi gana as medicinal paste and honey and ghee known as grahi basti. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/87]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Grahi basti The enema is processed with the drugs of priyangvadi gana combined with ambashtadi gana as medicinal paste and honey and [[Ghee|ghee]] known as grahi basti. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/87]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Madhutailika basti When honey (madhu) and oil (taila) are given equal importance in enema, then it is known as madhutailika basti<ref name="ref19">Damayanthie Fernando (2011): Assessment of Clinical Efficacy of ErandamuladiYapana Basti and ErandaBijaKshiraPaka in the management of Kati Graha w.s.r. to Lumbar Spondylosis. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref>. Yapana basti, yuktharadha basti and siddha basti are synonyms of madhutailika basti<ref name="ref20">Shital G Bhagiya (2015): A Comparative Clinical Study of Lekhana Basti and Shamana Sneha (Triphaladi Taila) In the Management of Sthaulya W.S.R. To Obesity.Department Of panchakarma, GAAC, Ahmedabad.</ref>. It helps remove the doshas and bring up the strength and complexion of a patient. The peculiarity of this kind of enema is that there will be no restrictions on diet, beverages, travel, and sexual intercourse. The enema shows many benefits to the patient with no complications at all. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/114]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">[[Madhutailika Basti|Madhutailika basti]] When honey (madhu) and oil (taila) are given equal importance in enema, then it is known as [[Madhutailika Basti|madhutailika basti]]<ref name="ref19">Damayanthie Fernando (2011): Assessment of Clinical Efficacy of ErandamuladiYapana Basti and ErandaBijaKshiraPaka in the management of Kati Graha w.s.r. to Lumbar Spondylosis. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref>. [[Yapana basti|Yapana basti]], yuktharadha basti and siddha basti are synonyms of [[Madhutailika Basti|madhutailika basti]]<ref name="ref20">Shital G Bhagiya (2015): A Comparative Clinical Study of Lekhana Basti and Shamana Sneha (Triphaladi Taila) In the Management of Sthaulya W.S.R. To Obesity.Department Of panchakarma, GAAC, Ahmedabad.</ref>. It helps remove the [[Dosha|doshas]] and bring up the strength and complexion of a patient. The peculiarity of this kind of enema is that there will be no restrictions on diet, beverages, travel, and sexual intercourse. The enema shows many benefits to the patient with no complications at all. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/114]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Yuktaratha basti The patient can travel in chariot (ratha) after taking this enema. Hence it is named as yuktaratha basti. This basti has ingredients like erandamuladi as decoction; vacha (Acorus calamus), [[Madhuka|madhuka (Madhuca longifolia)]] and [[Pippali|pippali (Piper longum)]] as medicinal paste and taila (sesame oil) as unctuous substance (sneha). [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 35/8]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Yuktaratha basti The patient can travel in chariot (ratha) after taking this enema. Hence it is named as yuktaratha basti. This basti has ingredients like erandamuladi as decoction; [[Vacha|vacha (Acorus calamus)]], [[Madhuka|madhuka (Madhuca longifolia)]] and [[Pippali|pippali (Piper longum)]] as medicinal paste and taila (sesame oil) as unctuous substance (sneha). [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 35/8]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

−

<li style="font-weight:bold">Siddha basti The attainment of strength, nourishment, and complexion and the cure of many [[Vyadhi|diseases]] can be possible by this basti, and thus, it is named siddha basti.<ref name="ref23">Rani Sangeeta Ishwar Singh (2017): A randomized clinical trial on ~~brihatyadiyapana~~ basti and patrapinda sweda with aadityapakaguggulu in the management of cervical spondylosis w.s.r to asthigatavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar.</ref> Yavakoladi siddha basti is one of its examples processed with the decoction of yava ( Hordeum vulgare),kola (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk Z.jujuba Lamk), and kulattha (Dolichos biflorus ), along with the medicinal paste of magadhika (Piper longum) and yashtyahva (Glycyrrhiza glabra).[Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/97-99]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

+

<li style="font-weight:bold">Siddha basti The attainment of strength, nourishment, and complexion and the cure of many [[Vyadhi|diseases]] can be possible by this basti, and thus, it is named siddha basti.<ref name="ref23">Rani Sangeeta Ishwar Singh (2017): A randomized clinical trial on brihatyadi yapana basti and patrapinda sweda with aadityapakaguggulu in the management of cervical spondylosis w.s.r to asthigatavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar.</ref> Yavakoladi siddha basti is one of its examples processed with the decoction of [[Yava|yava (Hordeum vulgare)]], [[Kola|kola (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk Z.jujuba Lamk)]], and kulattha (Dolichos biflorus ), along with the medicinal paste of magadhika (Piper longum) and yashtyahva (Glycyrrhiza glabra).[Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/97-99]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

−

<li style="font-weight:bold">Vaitarana basti</li>

+

<li style="font-weight:bold">[[Vaitarana Basti|Vaitarana basti]]</li>

−

<ol type="a"><li style="font-weight:bold">Gomutra vaitarana basti Fruit pulp of Tamarindus indicus as paste (amleeka kalka), jaggery, rock salt and cow’s urine along with little quantity of oil (taila) is used for the preparation of gomutra vaitarana basti. [Chakradatta Niroohadhikara 72/33]<ref name="ref4">Chakrapanidatta, Cakradatta (Chikitsasangraha) with padartha bodhini Hindi commentary of Vaidya Ravidatta sastri, Varanasi; Chaukhambha Surabharathi prakashan;2006. p.313</ref></li>

+

<ol type="a"><li style="font-weight:bold">Gomutra vaitarana basti Fruit pulp of Tamarindus indicus as paste (amleeka kalka), jaggery, rock salt and cow’s urine along with little quantity of oil (taila) is used for the preparation of gomutra [[Vaitarana Basti|vaitarana basti]]. [Chakradatta Niroohadhikara 72/33]<ref name="ref4">Chakrapanidatta, Cakradatta (Chikitsasangraha) with padartha bodhini Hindi commentary of Vaidya Ravidatta sastri, Varanasi; Chaukhambha Surabharathi prakashan;2006. p.313</ref></li>

−

<li style="font-weight:bold">Ksheera vaitarana basti All the ingredients are the same as gomutra vaitarana basti except cow’s milk in place of cow’s urine here. [Vang.Sa. Basti Adhikara 86-189]<ref name="ref5">Vangasena-Vangasena Samhita, Vol.2. Second edition. By Nirmal Saxena. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2001.</ref></li></ol>

+

<li style="font-weight:bold">Ksheera [[Vaitarana Basti|vaitarana basti]] All the ingredients are the same as gomutra [[Vaitarana Basti|vaitarana basti]] except cow’s milk in place of cow’s urine here. [Vang.Sa. Basti Adhikara 86-189]<ref name="ref5">Vangasena-Vangasena Samhita, Vol.2. Second edition. By Nirmal Saxena. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2001.</ref></li></ol>

−

<li style="font-weight:bold">Ardhamatrika basti It has a total quantity of 12 pala (1 pala equals 48g), which is half that of dvadasha prasrutha basti. Here decoction of dashamoola (group of roots of 10 drugs), honey, rock salt and shatapushpa (Anethum sowa) as medicinal paste is used. [Vang.Sa. Basti Adhikara 172-181]<ref name="ref5" /></li>

+

<li style="font-weight:bold">Ardhamatrika basti It has a total quantity of 12 pala (1 pala equals 48g), which is half that of dvadasha prasrutha basti. Here decoction of dashamoola (group of roots of 10 drugs), honey, rock salt and [[Shatapushpa|shatapushpa (Anethum sowa)]] as medicinal paste is used. [Vang.Sa. Basti Adhikara 172-181]<ref name="ref5" /></li>

−

<li style="font-weight:bold">Vrishya basti The decoction of egg of chataka (hen sparrow) and uchataka along with cow’s milk, ghee, sugar and athmagupta phala (fruit of Mucuna pruriens) as admixture (avapa) is aphrodisiac (vajikarana) in nature. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/84]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

+

<li style="font-weight:bold">Vrishya basti The decoction of egg of chataka (hen sparrow) and uchataka along with cow’s milk, [[Ghee|ghee]], sugar and athmagupta phala (fruit of Mucuna pruriens) as admixture (avapa) is [[Vajikarana Adhyaya|aphrodisiac (vajikarana)]] in nature. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/84]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Chakshushya basti Erandmauladi decoction, yashtyahva (Glycyrrhiza glabra) as the medicinal paste, and honey, rock salt, and oil are the ingredients of chakshushya basti. [A. Hri.Kalpa Sthana 4/27-29]<ref name="ref6">Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridaya. With Commentaries SarvangaSundari of Arunadatta and Ayurvedarasayana of Hemadri.Varanasi; Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2012.</ref></li>

−

<li style="font-weight:bold">Churna basti Churnabasti has pain relieving (shulaghna) properties with hot water as a liquid component (dravadravya) instead of decoction. The medicinal paste of rasna (Pluchea lanceolata), vacha (Acorus calamus), bilva (Aegle marmelos), shatahva (Anethum sowa), ela (Eletteria cardamomum), putika (Holoptelia integrifolia), krishna (Piper longum), daru (Cedrus deodara) and kushdha (Saussuria lappa C. B Clarke) is used. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 10/13-14]<ref name="ref1" /></li></ol>

+

<li style="font-weight:bold">Churna basti Churnabasti has pain relieving (shulaghna) properties with hot water as a liquid component (dravadravya) instead of decoction. The medicinal paste of [[Rasna|rasna (Pluchea lanceolata)]], [[Vacha|vacha (Acorus calamus)]], [[Bilva|bilva (Aegle marmelos)]], shatahva (Anethum sowa), [[Ela|ela (Eletteria cardamomum)]], putika (Holoptelia integrifolia), krishna (Piper longum), daru (Cedrus deodara) and kushdha (Saussuria lappa C. B Clarke) is used. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 10/13-14]<ref name="ref1" /></li></ol>

== Importance in the preservation of health and prevention ==

−

Therapeutic enema is advised in healthy individuals during the rainy season where there is vitiation of all three doshas [A. Hri. Sutra Sthana 3/42]<ref name="ref6" />, after the administration of vamana (therapeutic emesis) and [[Virechana|virechana]] (therapeutic purgation). [A. Hri. Sutra Sthana 3/45]<ref name="ref6" />

+

Therapeutic enema is advised in healthy individuals during the rainy season where there is vitiation of all three doshas [A. Hri. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 3/42]<ref name="ref6" />, after the administration of [[Vamana|vamana (therapeutic emesis)]] and [[Virechana|virechana]] (therapeutic purgation). [A. Hri. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 3/45]<ref name="ref6" />

== Importance in the management of diseases ==

−

<ul style="text-align:justify;"><li>[[Basti|Basti (therapeutic enema)]] therapy (asthapana and anuvasana) is the most important among the therapies for treating [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]] disorders. It enters the intestine (pakvashaya) after the administration cuts the root of aggravation of [[Vata dosha|vata]] and thereby it pacifies [[Vata dosha|vata]] all over the [[Sharira|body]]. Its effect is like cutting the root of a tree ([[Vyadhi|disease]]) will destroy the whole tree ([[Vyadhi|disease]]). [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/13]<ref name="ref1" /></li>

+

<ul style="text-align:justify;"><li>[[Basti|Basti (therapeutic enema)]] therapy (asthapana and [[Anuvasana|anuvasana]]) is the most important among the therapies for treating [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]] disorders. It enters the intestine (pakvashaya) after the administration cuts the root of aggravation of [[Vata dosha|vata]] and thereby it pacifies [[Vata dosha|vata]] all over the [[Sharira|body]]. Its effect is like cutting the root of a tree ([[Vyadhi|disease]]) will destroy the whole tree ([[Vyadhi|disease]]). [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 20/13]<ref name="ref1" /></li>

<li>[[Basti|Basti (therapeutic enema)]], in general, is helpful in the prevention of aging, and it produces health, strength, proper digestion, intelligence, voice, and complexion.</li>

<li>It is recommended for both children and old age as it effectively cures [[Vyadhi|diseases]] without causing complications.</li>

−

<li>It removes the vit (stool), shleshma, pitta and [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]] from the [[Sharira|body]].</li>

+

<li>It removes the vit (stool), [[Shleshma|shleshma]], [[Pitta dosha|pitta]] and [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]] from the [[Sharira|body]].</li>

−

<li>It provides compactness to the [[Sharira|body]] and strength to shukra dhatu (the 6th basic structural element of the [[Sharira|body]]).</li>

+

<li>It provides compactness to the [[Sharira|body]] and strength to [[Shukra dhatu|shukra dhatu]] (the 6th basic structural element of the [[Sharira|body]]).</li>

<li>It removes [[Dosha|doshas]] from the [[Sharira|body’s]] channels and thus pacifies all [[Vyadhi|diseases]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 1/27]<ref name="ref1" /></li>

−

<li>Administration of niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) before anuvasana basti (therapeutic unctuous enema) clears the channels.. It helps properly transport unctuous substance (sneha) like the pipe which carries water when the impurities causing obstruction are removed. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/84]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

+

<li>Administration of niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) before [[Anuvasana|anuvasana basti (therapeutic unctuous enema)]] clears the channels.. It helps properly transport [[Snehana (unction therapy)|unctuous substance (sneha)]] like the pipe which carries water when the impurities causing obstruction are removed. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/84]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

−

<li>[[Basti|Basti]] (asthapana and anuvasana) is important as it is the prime treatment for [[Vata dosha|vata]]. [[Vata dosha|Vata]] is the reason for the [[Vyadhi|diseases]] originating in peripheral tissues (shakha), visceral organs (koshtha), vital points of the body (marma), upper part of the body (urdhva), entire body (sarvavayava) and individual parts of the body (anga). The same [[Vata dosha|vata]] is responsible for separating and combining stool, urine, pitta, etc. at their sites. As [[Basti|basti]] is supreme in managing [[Vata dosha|vata]], it is said to be half of the entire therapeutics. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 1/38-40]<ref name="ref1" /></li></ul>

+

<li>[[Basti|Basti]] (asthapana and [[Anuvasana|anuvasana]]) is important as it is the prime treatment for [[Vata dosha|vata]]. [[Vata dosha|Vata]] is the reason for the [[Vyadhi|diseases]] originating in peripheral tissues (shakha), visceral organs ([[Koshtha|koshtha]]), vital points of the body ([[Marma|marma]]), upper part of the body (urdhva), entire body (sarvavayava) and individual parts of the body (anga). The same [[Vata dosha|vata]] is responsible for separating and combining stool, urine, [[Pitta dosha|pitta]], etc. at their sites. As [[Basti|basti]] is supreme in managing [[Vata dosha|vata]], it is said to be half of the entire therapeutics. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 1/38-40]<ref name="ref1" /></li></ul>

== Indications of asthapana basti ==

Line 97: Line 97:

<li>Krimikoshtha – The gut infested with worms.</li>

<li>Balavarnamamsaretaskshaya – depletion of strength, complexion, muscle, and sperms</li>

−

<li>Atisara – Diarrhea without the involvement of metabolic dysfunction (ama)</li>

+

<li>[[Atisara Chikitsa|Atisara]] – Diarrhea without the involvement of metabolic dysfunction ([[Ama|ama]])</li>

<li>Udavarta - Upward movement of [[Vata dosha|vata]] due to retention of stool and urine</li>

<li>Parvabheda – Pain in joints</li>

<li>Pleeha - Splenomegaly</li>

<li>Abhitapa – Burning sensation</li>

−

<li>Gulma – A type of lump</li>

+

<li>[[Gulma Nidana|Gulma]] – A type of lump</li>

<li>Shula – Abdominal colic of different pathologies</li>

<li>Shirakarnashula – Pain on head and ear</li>

<li>Bhagandra – Fistula </li>

−

<li>Unmada - Insanity</li>

+

<li>[[Unmada Chikitsa|Unmada]] - Insanity</li>

−

<li>Jwara - Fever</li>

+

<li>[[Jwara Chikitsa|Jwara]] - Fever</li>

<li>Hrudaya parshva prushta katigraha – Pain over heart, sides of chest, lower back, and hip.</li>

<li>Hrudroga – [[Vyadhi|Diseases]] affecting heart</li>

Line 119: Line 119:

<li>Rajakshaya – loss of menstrual blood with burning</li>

<li>Vishamagni – Irregular state of agni</li>

−

<li>Shosha - Emaciation</li>

+

<li>[[Shosha Nidana|Shosha]] - Emaciation</li>

<li>Bahu, anguli, stanantashula – Pain over arms, fingers, and middle of chest</li>

−

<li>Stambha - Stiffness</li>

+

<li>[[Stambhana|Stambha]] - Stiffness</li>

<li>Antrakujana – Gurgling sound in the intestine</li>

<li>Parikartika – sharp cutting pain in anus</li>

Line 129: Line 129:

<li>Ashmari – Renal calculi</li>

<li>Khuda – A disesase which is affecting the skin and muscle over the joints of legs and hands first and later spreads to deeper sites</li>

−

<li>Vatavyadhi – [[Vyadhi|Diseases]] originates from vitiated [[Vata dosha|vata]]</li>

+

<li>[[Vatavyadhi Chikitsa|Vatavyadhi]] – [[Vyadhi|Diseases]] originates from vitiated [[Vata dosha|vata]]</li>

<li>Alpalpodhana – Voidance of stool frequently in less quantity</li>

<li>Sashabdodhana – Voidance of stool with sound</li>

Line 136: Line 136:

Niruha basti is also indicated in following [[Vyadhi|diseases]]

<ul style="text-align:justify;"><li>Adhimantha - glaucoma</li>

−

<li>Ardita - facial paralysis</li>

+

<li>Ardita - facial paralysis</li>

<li>Pakshaghata - hemiplegia</li>

−

<li>Udara - obstinate disorders affecting the abdomen including Ascites.</li>

+

<li>[[Udara Chikitsa|Udara]] - obstinate disorders affecting the abdomen including Ascites.</li>

−

<li>Upadamsha -syphilis</li>

+

<li>Upadamsha - syphilis</li>

<li>Mutrakruchhra - dysuria</li>

<li>Shukra artava stanya nasha: Depletion of semen, menstruation, and breast milk</li>

Line 152: Line 152:

<li>Fainting</li>

<li>Those who have undergone the process of purification any.</li>

−

<li>Those whose life depends on the strength of morbid matter (agantu dosha) to survive [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] .1/37]<ref name="ref1" /></li></ul>

+

<li>Those whose life depends on the strength of morbid matter ([[Agantu roga|agantu dosha]]) to survive [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] .1/37]<ref name="ref1" /></li></ul>

== Ingredients of niruha basti ==

−

As the name suggests, the important and predominant content of niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) is a decoction of herbs depending upon the [[Vyadhi|disease]] condition of the patient. Its other ingredients are honey, rock salt, unctuous substances (usually oil or ghee) and medicinal paste. In some conditions, cow’s urine, fermented liquid preparation out of grains (dhanyamla), meat soup, milk etc. are used either as an alternative or as an admixture (Avapa) to the combination of [[Basti|basti]].

+

As the name suggests, the important and predominant content of niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) is a decoction of herbs depending upon the [[Vyadhi|disease]] condition of the patient. Its other ingredients are honey, rock salt, unctuous substances (usually oil or [[Ghee|ghee]]) and medicinal paste. In some conditions, cow’s urine, fermented liquid preparation out of grains (dhanyamla), meat soup, milk etc. are used either as an alternative or as an admixture (Avapa) to the combination of [[Basti|basti]].

== Quantity of ingredients ==

Line 161: Line 161:

<ol style="text-align:justify;"><li>Honey (madhu): 192 ml (2 prasruta)</li>

<li>Rock salt (saindhava): 12 gram (1 karsha)</li>

−

<li>Oil/ghee/unctuous substance (sneha): 288 ml (3 prasruta)</li>

+

<li>Oil/[[Ghee|ghee]]/unctuous substance (sneha): 288 ml (3 prasruta)</li>

<li>Medicinal paste (kalka): 96 gram (1 prasruta)</li>

−

<li>Decoction (kashaya): 384 ml (4 prasruta) to 480 ml (5 prasruta) *[Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/37-39]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

+

<li>Decoction ([[Kashaya|kashaya]]): 384 ml (4 prasruta) to 480 ml (5 prasruta) *[Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/37-39]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

<li>Additives (avapadravya): 192 ml (2 prasruta) [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 3/30]<ref name="ref1" /></li></ol>

The proportion of sneha (unctuous substance) and honey is based on [[Dosha|dosha]] association.

Line 193: Line 193:

|-

|1 year

−

|½ prasruta (48 ml)

+

|½ prasruta (48 ml)

|-

|Increase the dosage by ½ prasrutha each year till 12 years

Line 221: Line 221:

|-

|8 years

−

|4 prastuta (384 ml)

+

|4 prastuta (384 ml)

|-

|16 years

−

|8 prasruta(768ml)

+

|8 prasruta (768ml)

|-

|25 years and above up to 70 years

Line 230: Line 230:

|-

|Above 70 years

−

|8 prasruta (768 ml)

+

|8 prasruta (768 ml)

|}

[Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa sthana]] 35/7]<ref name="ref3" />

== Procedure of administration of asthapana basti ==

−

The procedure of administration of [[Basti|basti]] can be divided into three stages like the samshodhana (therapeutic emesis and purgation) procedures. They are.

+

The procedure of administration of [[Basti|basti]] can be divided into three stages like the [[Samshodhana|samshodhana]] (therapeutic emesis and purgation) procedures. They are.

<ol style="text-align:justify;"><li>Pre therapeutic procedure (purvakarma)</li>

<li>Chief therapeutic procedure (pradhana karma)</li>

Line 251: Line 251:

<li style="font-weight: bold;">Therapeutic procedure (pradhana karma)</li>

<ul><li>The patient should be lying in the left lateral position with the head side either raised or at the same height as that of the leg on a fair couch which is not lifted too much.</li>

−

<li>The patient should be lying in an ~~~~left lateral~~~~ position with his own arm as the pillow below head.</li>

+

<li>The patient should be lying in an left lateral position with his own arm as the pillow below head.</li>

<li>The right leg should be flexed at the knee whereas the left leg should be in extended position.</li>

−

<li>The anal orifice (guda) should be lubricated and the 1/4th of the total length of the lubricated enema nozzle (which is equal to the distance from the tip of nozzle to the karnika at the tip) should be inserted in the same direction of the vertebral column.</li>

+

<li>The anal orifice ([[Guda|guda]]) should be lubricated and the 1/4th of the total length of the lubricated enema nozzle (which is equal to the distance from the tip of nozzle to the karnika at the tip) should be inserted in the same direction of the vertebral column.</li>

<li>The hand of the person giving enema should not be shaking during the insertion of the nozzle.</li>

<li>Repeated squeezing of the enema bag is not favorable, and the nozzle should be withdrawn slowly and carefully.

Line 259: Line 259:

<li style="font-weight: bold;">Post therapeutic procedure (paschat karma)</li>

<ul><li>After the proper elimination of enema, the patient should have undergone bath with lukewarm water and take boiled rice with thin meat soup.</li>

−

<li>The patient should be given anuvasana basti (therapeutic unctuous enema) with the oil (taila) having 1/4th quantity of that of asthapana (therapeutic decoction enema) processed with drugs having the property to pacify [[Vata dosha|vata]] and having sour taste, for the nourishment of the [[Sharira|body]] after the digestion of the above-mentioned diet in the evening.

+

<li>The patient should be given [[Anuvasana|anuvasana basti (therapeutic unctuous enema)]] with the oil (taila) having 1/4th quantity of that of asthapana (therapeutic decoction enema) processed with drugs having the property to pacify [[Vata dosha|vata]] and having sour taste, for the nourishment of the [[Sharira|body]] after the digestion of the above-mentioned diet in the evening.

[Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 3/27-30]<ref name="ref1"/></li></ul></ol>

Line 274: Line 274:

|milk (ksheera)

|-

−

|Kaphanubandha (association of kapha)

+

|Kaphanubandha (association of [[Kapha dosha|kapha]])

|soup of pulses of various kinds (yusha)

|}

Line 281: Line 281:

== Number, adjuvant, and properties of niruha basti in different dosha involvement ==

{| class="wikitable"

−

|+''' Table 5: Number, adjuvant, and properties of niruha basti in different doshas'''

+

|+ '''Table 5: Number, adjuvant, and properties of niruha basti in different doshas'''

!'''Dosha involvement'''

!'''Adjuvant'''

Line 288: Line 288:

|-

|[[Vata dosha|Vata]]

−

|Meat soup (mamsa rasa)

+

|Meat soup ([[Mamsa dhatu|mamsa]] rasa)

−

|Unctuous (snigdha), Hot in potency (ushna)

+

|Unctuous (snigdha), Hot in potency (ushna)

|style="text-align:center;" |1

|-

−

|Pitta association

+

|[[Pitta dosha|Pitta]] association

−

|Milk (payas)

+

|Milk (payas)

−

|Sweet (svadu), cold in potency (sheeta)

+

|Sweet (svadu), cold in potency ([[Sheeta|sheeta]])

|style="text-align:center;"|2

|-

−

|Kapha association

+

|[[Kapha dosha|Kapha]] association

−

|Cows’ urine (mutra)

+

|Cows’ urine ([[Mutra|mutra]])

−

|Pungent (katu), hot in potency (ushna), sharp in action (teekshna)

+

|[[Katu|Pungent (katu)]], hot in potency (ushna), sharp in action (teekshna)

|style="text-align:center;"|3

|}

Line 309: Line 309:

<li>Klama - exhaustion without exertion</li>

<li>Adhmana – abdominal distension </li>

−

<li>Hikka - hiccups</li>

+

<li>[[Hikka Shwasa Chikitsa|Hikka]] - hiccups</li>

<li>Hrudprapti – reaching cardiac region</li>

<li>Urdhvavata – upward dislocation of [[Vata dosha|vata]]</li>

Line 331: Line 331:

* having less quantity of salt, unctuous substance fluid part (drava dravya)

* thick in nature

−

* In patients having heaviness due to chronic constipation, [[Vata dosha|vata]] dominance and dry koshtha (Viscera).

+

* In patients having heaviness due to chronic constipation, [[Vata dosha|vata]] dominance and dry [[Koshtha|koshtha]] (Viscera).

|

* Increased abdominal heaviness,

Line 352: Line 352:

* Use of extreme sharp and hot formulation in mridukoshtha (delicate bowel nature)

|

−

* Signs and symptoms same as that of atiyoga (exceeded effect) mentioned in vamana (therapeutic emesis) and [[Virechana|virechana]] (therapeutic purgation)

+

* Signs and symptoms same as that of atiyoga (exceeded effect) mentioned in [[Vamana|vamana (therapeutic emesis)]] and [[Virechana|virechana]] (therapeutic purgation)

|

* Administration of decoction enema having the

−

* Medicinal paste (kalka) of prushni parni (Uraria picta), Sthira (Desmodium gangeticum), padma (Nelumbo nucifera), kashmarya (gmelina arborea), [[Madhuka|madhuka (Madhuca longifolia)]] and bala (Sida cordifolia)

+

* Medicinal paste (kalka) of prushni parni (Uraria picta), Sthira (Desmodium gangeticum), padma (Nelumbo nucifera), [[Kashmarya|kashmarya (gmelina arborea)]], [[Madhuka|madhuka (Madhuca longifolia)]] and bala (Sida cordifolia)

−

* Fluid part (drava dravya) having the decoction of draksha (Vitis vinifera), water prepared out of pakva loshta (heated iron or earth) and [[Madhuka|madhuka (madhuca longifolia)]]

+

* Fluid part (drava dravya) having the decoction of [[Draksha|draksha (Vitis vinifera)]], water prepared out of pakva loshta (heated iron or earth) and [[Madhuka|madhuka (madhuca longifolia)]]

−

Unctuous part – Ghee

+

Unctuous part – [[Ghee|Ghee]]

|-

|Klama

|

−

* Soft Enema administered in remanence of ama (product of impaired digestion and metabolism)

+

* Soft Enema administered in remanence of [[Ama|ama]] (product of impaired digestion and metabolism)

|

* Weariness

Line 372: Line 372:

|

* Sudation with dry drugs

−

* Deepana (drugs enhancing digestion and metabolism)

+

* [[Deepana|Deepana]] (drugs enhancing digestion and metabolism)

* Decoction enema with dashamula (group of ten roots) and gomutra (Cow’s urine)

|-

Line 380: Line 380:

|

* Abdominal distension

−

* severe form of flatulence as if vital point (marma) is afflicted.

+

* severe form of flatulence as if vital point ([[Marma|marma]]) is afflicted.

* Burning sensation

* Heaviness of abdomen

Line 387: Line 387:

* Suppository prepared out of shyamaphaladi yoga.

* Bilvadi niruha basti

−

* Anuvasana (Therapeutic unctuous enema) with Sarala (Pinus longifolia) and devadaru (Cedrus deodara)

+

* [[Anuvasana|Anuvasana (Therapeutic unctuous enema)]] with [[Sarala|Sarala (Pinus longifolia)]] and [[Devadaru|devadaru (Cedrus deodara)]]

|-

−

|Hikka

+

|[[Hikka Shwasa Chikitsa|Hikka]]

|

* Administration of enema having extreme sharpness in action in patients who are weak and having delicate bowel nature.

Line 396: Line 396:

|

* The medications of hiccup and drugs having nourishment property

−

* Therapeutic unctuous enema with balasthiradi thaila

+

* Therapeutic unctuous enema with balasthiradi thaila

* Intake of black salt (krishna lavana) with hot water medicated smoking, linctus, milk, sudations, and food processed with [[Vata dosha|vata]] pacifying drugs

|-

|Hrudprapti

|

−

* Administration of enema which is having extremely high potency or by pushing the [[Vata dosha|vata]] to the rectum by its complete drainage

+

* Administration of enema which is having extremely high potency or by pushing the [[Vata dosha|vata]] to the rectum by its complete drainage

|

* Shaking the heart

Line 424: Line 424:

* Dashamulika asthapana basti (medicated decoction enema) with cow’s urine (gomutra) as adjuvant (avapa) when the enema is obstructed in large intestine.

* Bilvadi siddha basti when the enema is obstructed in chest region.

−

* Nasal medication, medicated smoking and wrapping the head with sarshapa (Brassica indica) when it is blocked there in the head.

+

* Nasal medication, medicated smoking and wrapping the head with [[sarshapa|sarshapa (Brassica indica)]] when it is blocked there in the head.

|-

|Pravahika

|

−

* Administration of soft potency drug or less quantity drug in greatly aggravated [[Dosha|doshas]].

+

* Administration of soft potency drug or less quantity drug in greatly aggravated [[Dosha|doshas]].

|

* Dysentery

Line 434: Line 434:

* Exhaustion of calf and thigh

|

−

* Abhyanga (Massage)

+

* [[Abhyanga|Abhyanga (Massage)]]

−

* Sweda (sudation)

+

* [[Sweda|Sweda (sudation)]]

−

* Niruha (therapeutic decoction enema) added with sodhana dravyas (purifying drugs) like trivruth (Operculina turpethum) or anulomana dravyas like milk.

+

* Niruha (therapeutic decoction enema) added with sodhana dravyas (purifying drugs) like trivruth (Operculina turpethum) or anulomana dravyas like milk.

|-

−

|Shiro arti

+

|Shiro arti

|

−

* Enema having soft potency and less quantity in weak, constipated, and severely aggravated [[Dosha|dosha]].

+

* Enema having soft potency and less quantity in weak, constipated, and severely aggravated [[Dosha|dosha]].

|

* Deafness

Line 447: Line 447:

* Visual Illusions

|

−

* Massage with taila (sesame oil) processed with [[Lavana|lavana(salt)]]

+

* Massage with taila (sesame oil) processed with [[Lavana|lavana(salt)]]

* Pradhamana nasya (Nasal medication using medicated powder)

−

* Dhumapana (medicated smoking) of purificatory variety.

+

* [[Dhumapana|Dhumapana (medicated smoking)]] of purificatory variety.

−

* Anuvasana (therapeutic unctuous enema) with teekshna anulomana drugs (sharp and directive)

+

* [[Anuvasana|Anuvasana (therapeutic unctuous enema)]] with teekshna anulomana drugs (sharp and directive)

|-

|Angarti

|

−

* Administering enema which has the properties like heaviness and sharp potency in more than required quantity in patients who haven’t undergone snehana and swedana (sudation therapy)

+

* Administering enema which has the properties like heaviness and sharp potency in more than required quantity in patients who haven’t undergone [[Snehana (unction therapy)|snehana]] and [[Swedana|swedana (sudation therapy)]]

|

−

* Pain all over the [[Sharira|body]] resembling wrapping, pricking, breaking, and quivering.

+

* Pain all over the [[Sharira|body]] resembling wrapping, pricking, breaking, and quivering.

|

* Massage with sesame oil (taila) processed with salt.

−

* Seka (sudation by streaming of pre-warmed liquid) with hot water, decoction prepared out of the leaves of [[Eranda|Eranda (Ricinus communis)]]

+

* Seka (sudation by streaming of pre-warmed liquid) with hot water, decoction prepared out of the leaves of [[Eranda|Eranda (Ricinus communis)]]

* Prasthara sweda (Sudation by lying on bed)

−

* Niruha basti (Therapeutic decoction enema) with dasamula and bilva thaila.

+

* Niruha basti (Therapeutic decoction enema) with dasamula and bilva thaila.

* Avagaha (sudation by sitting in tub)

−

* Anuvasana basti (Therapeutic unctuous enema) with yashti madhu taila or bilva thaila.

+

* [[Anuvasana|Anuvasana basti (Therapeutic unctuous enema)]] with yashti madhu taila or bilva thaila.

|-

|Parikartika

Line 470: Line 470:

|

* Sharp cutting pain in anus

−

* Pricking pain on sacral region, groin, and urinary bladder.

+

* Pricking pain on sacral region, groin, and urinary bladder.

* Pain below the umbilicus

|

−

* Enema with the medicines having sweet taste and cold potency.

+

* Enema with the medicines having sweet taste and cold potency.

−

* Enema with srajarasa (Vateria indica) yashtyahva (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Jingini (lannea coromandelica) etc.

+

* Enema with srajarasa (Vateria indica) yashtyahva (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Jingini (lannea coromandelica) etc.

|-

|Parisrava

|

−

* Administration of enema having sour taste, salt, hot and sharp potency in patients having the [[Vyadhi|disease]] of Pitta

+

* Administration of enema having sour taste, salt, hot and sharp potency in patients having the [[Vyadhi|disease]] of [[Pitta dosha|Pitta]]

|

−

* Excretion of pitta (bilious humor) of different colours

+

* Excretion of [[Pitta dosha|pitta]] (bilious humor) of different colours

* Loss of consciousness

* Uncontrolled diarrhea

|

−

* Enema is prepared out of goat’s milk processed with fresh(ardra) shalmali (salmalia malabarica) leaf sprouts.

+

* Enema is prepared out of goat’s milk processed with fresh (ardra) [[Shalmali|shalmali (salmalia malabarica)]] leaf sprouts.

−

* Enema is prepared with the leaves of vata (Ficus bengalensis) etc. in milk.

+

* Enema is prepared with the leaves of vata (Ficus bengalensis) etc. in milk.

−

* Seka (streaming of liquid) and pradeha (thick anointment) out of sweet and cold drugs

+

* Seka (streaming of liquid) and [[Pradeha|pradeha]] (thick anointment) out of sweet and cold drugs

|}

Line 522: Line 522:

== Current research works ==

−

<ul style="text-align:justify;"><li>A comparative study on the effect of [[Virechana|virechana]] (therapeutic purgation) and vaitarana basti in amavata (rheumatoid arthritis) patients concluded that vaitarana basti had given better relief in amavata than viechana.<ref name="ref16">Bhatkoti Mayank (2005): A comparative clinical study of vaitaranabasti and ~~[[Virechana|~~virechana]] karma in the management of amavata. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>

+

<ul style="text-align:justify;"><li>A comparative study on the effect of [[Virechana|virechana]] (therapeutic purgation) and [[Vaitarana Basti|vaitarana basti]] in [[Amavata|amavata (rheumatoid arthritis)]] patients concluded that [[Vaitarana Basti|vaitarana basti]] had given better relief in [[Amavata|amavata]] than viechana.<ref name="ref16">Bhatkoti Mayank (2005): A comparative clinical study of vaitaranabasti and virechana karma in the management of amavata. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>

−

<li>Yapana basti administered through drip method and putaka method have shown definite improvement in patients of kampavata (parkinsonism). The drip method has shown better improvement in general symptoms, associated symptoms, functional assessment, and signs.<ref name="ref17">Vinay Chaudary (2007): A clinical study of standardization of Yapana basti in the management of Kampavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>

+

<li>[[Yapana basti|Yapana basti]] administered through drip method and putaka method have shown definite improvement in patients of kampavata (parkinsonism). The drip method has shown better improvement in general symptoms, associated symptoms, functional assessment, and signs.<ref name="ref17">Vinay Chaudary (2007): A clinical study of standardization of Yapana basti in the management of Kampavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>

−

<li>Kala basti has shown better improvement in amavata (rheumatoid arthritis) when compared with [[Virechana|virechana]].<ref name="ref18">Gohil Jalpa H (2009): A comparative clinical study of ~~[[Virechana|~~Virechana]] karma and kala basti in management of Amavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>

+

<li>Kala basti has shown better improvement in [[Amavata|amavata]] (rheumatoid arthritis) when compared with [[Virechana|virechana]].<ref name="ref18">Gohil Jalpa H (2009): A comparative clinical study of Virechana karma and kala basti in management of Amavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>

−

<li>Administration of Erandamuladi yapana basti in comparison with Erandabija ksheera paka in patients of katigraha have shown better improvement in signs and symptoms of basti group.<ref name="ref19"/>Damayanthie Fernando (2011): Assessment of Clinical Efficacy of ErandamuladiYapana Basti and ErandaBijaKshiraPaka in the management of Kati Graha w.s.r. to Lumbar Spondylosis. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</li>

+

<li>Administration of Erandamuladi yapana basti in comparison with Erandabija ksheera paka in patients of katigraha have shown better improvement in signs and symptoms of [[Basti|basti]] group.<ref name="ref19"/>Damayanthie Fernando (2011): Assessment of Clinical Efficacy of ErandamuladiYapana Basti and ErandaBijaKshiraPaka in the management of Kati Graha w.s.r. to Lumbar Spondylosis. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</li>

−

<li>Clinically in patients treated with lekhana basti there was a decrease in s. cholesterol, s.low density lipoprotein and s. apolipoprotein B. There was a significant reduction in BMI, weight, [[Sharira|body]] fat storage etc. It was effective to a lesser extent on lipid profile than triphala guggulu.<ref name="ref20">Shital G Bhagiya (2015): A Comparative Clinical Study of Lekhana Basti and Shamana Sneha (Triphaladi Taila) In the Management of Sthaulya W.S.R. To Obesity.Department Of panchakarma, GAAC, Ahmedabad.</ref></li>

+

<li>Clinically in patients treated with lekhana basti there was a decrease in s. cholesterol, s.low density lipoprotein and s. apolipoprotein B. There was a significant reduction in BMI, weight, [[Sharira|body]] fat storage etc. It was effective to a lesser extent on lipid profile than triphala [[Guggulu|guggulu]].<ref name="ref20">Shital G Bhagiya (2015): A Comparative Clinical Study of Lekhana Basti and Shamana Sneha (Triphaladi Taila) In the Management of Sthaulya W.S.R. To Obesity.Department Of panchakarma, GAAC, Ahmedabad.</ref></li>

<li>A comparative study between the effect of rectal administration and oral administration of the same group of drugs (guduchi bhadramustadi) have proved the higher efficacy of rectal administration for the management of sthoulya.<ref name="ref21">Hemal Kumar V Dodiya (2013): A comparative clinical study on the effect of Guduchi-Bhadramustadi yoga administered orally and by basti in the management of sthaulya w.s.r to obesity. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>

−

<li>In a comparative study, vaitararana basti has shown marked improvement in 45% of patients of ghridrasi. Whereas siravyadha has shown marked improvement in 55% of patients. Vaitarana basti was found more effective than siravedha in stambha (stiffness), spandana (twitching), suptata (numbness), sakthikshephanigraha (SLR) and gaurava(heaviness).<ref name="ref22">Paikrao Sumedh Narayanrao (2014): A clinical study on siravedha and vaitarana basti in the management of gridhrasi with special reference to sciatica. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>

+

<li>In a comparative study, vaitararana basti has shown marked improvement in 45% of patients of ghridrasi. Whereas siravyadha has shown marked improvement in 55% of patients. [[Vaitarana Basti|Vaitarana basti]] was found more effective than siravedha in [[Stambhana|stambha (stiffness)]], spandana (twitching), suptata (numbness), sakthikshephanigraha (SLR) and gaurava(heaviness).<ref name="ref22">Paikrao Sumedh Narayanrao (2014): A clinical study on siravedha and vaitarana basti in the management of gridhrasi with special reference to sciatica. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>

−

<li>Yapana basti combined with patrapinda sweda and shamana medicine has shown relatively more effectiveness in the management of majority of symptoms in cervical spondylosis than the group in which yapana basti was not administered in combination.<ref name="ref23"/> The group in which yapana basti combined has also shown prevention from recurrence and long-lasting effects.</li>

+

<li>[[Yapana basti|Yapana basti]] combined with patrapinda sweda and [[Shamana|shamana]] medicine has shown relatively more effectiveness in the management of majority of symptoms in cervical spondylosis than the group in which [[Yapana basti|yapana basti]] was not administered in combination.<ref name="ref23"/> The group in which [[Yapana basti|yapana basti]] combined has also shown prevention from recurrence and long-lasting effects.</li>

−

<li>Study of dashamooladi basti in the management of acute stage of amavata has revealed an overall mild improvement in 40% patients, and minor improvement was observed in remaining 60% patients. Complete remission or marked improvement was not found in any of the patient.<ref name="ref24">Anjali V Makodiya (2017): A Clinical Study on Basti Karma in The Short-Term Management of Amavata W.S. R Rheumatoid Arthtitis.Department of Panchakarma, GAAC, Ahmedabad.</ref></li>

+

<li>Study of dashamooladi basti in the management of acute stage of [[Amavata|amavata]] has revealed an overall mild improvement in 40% patients, and minor improvement was observed in remaining 60% patients. Complete remission or marked improvement was not found in any of the patient.<ref name="ref24">Anjali V Makodiya (2017): A Clinical Study on Basti Karma in The Short-Term Management of Amavata W.S. R Rheumatoid Arthtitis.Department of Panchakarma, GAAC, Ahmedabad.</ref></li>

<li>The study of lekhana basti in sthoulya has shown marked improvement in 6.66% patients. The 90.90% patients achieved moderate improvement, and 3.03% patients had mild improvement whereas no patients remain unimproved after the treatment.<ref name="ref25">Chintan J Bhatt (2018): A Clinical Study of Lekhana Basti Karma in The Management of Sthaulya (Obesity), Department of Panchakarma, JSAM, Nadiad.</ref></li>

<li>Asthapana basti with udumbara kwatha in raktatisara (ulcerative colitis) has shown complete relief from signs and symptoms in one patient, marked and moderate improvement in 7 and 9 patients respectively.<ref name="ref26">Vimixa D Patel (2018): A Clinical Study of Udumbara Kvatha Basti in the Management of Raktatisara, Department Of panchakarma, JSAM, Nadiad.</ref></li></ul>

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