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{{#seo:

{{#seo:

|title=Apasmara Nidana

|title=Apasmara Nidana

|type=article

|type=article

}}

}}

<big>'''Nidana Sthana Chapter 8. Diagnosis and etiopathogenesis of seizure disorders'''</big>

<big>'''Nidana Sthana Chapter 8. Diagnosis and etiopathogenesis of seizure disorders'''</big>

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|data4 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]],  [[Sharira Sthana]],  [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]

|data4 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]],  [[Sharira Sthana]],  [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]

|label6 = Translator and commentator

|label6 = Translator and commentator

|data6 = Deole Y. S.

|data6 = [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y. S.]]

|label7 = Reviewer  

|label7 = Reviewer  

|data7  = Khandel S.K

|data7  = Khandel S.K

|label8 = Editors  

|label8 = Editors  

|data8  = Khandel S.K, Godatwar P., Deole Y.S., Basisht G.

|data8  = Khandel S.K, Godatwar P., [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]], [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]

|label9 = Year of publication  

|label9 = Year of publication  

|data9 =  2020

|data9 =  2020

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

 

<p style='text-align:justify;'>This chapter deals with another psychiatric disorder leading to transient loss of consciousness termed as Apasmara. It describes causative factors, predisposing conditions, pathogenesis, signs, types, and prognosis of apasmara. The clinical presentation of this disease simulates the seizure disorders described in conventional medical literature. Apasmara is a common neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by intermittent loss of consciousness, memory, abnormal movements and blackouts. This chapter explores the basic principles of psychiatric disorders involving memory, mind, consciousness and intellect. These disorders are marked by major pathological obstacles in perception, impaired intellectual functioning, orientation, co-ordination and consciousness. Their management includes avoidance of etiological factors as well as pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment (including psychological and spiritual therapies). The basic principles described in the present chapter can be helpful in preventing and managing neuro-psychiatric disorders like apasmara in a better way. This chapter also deals with some important aspects of diagnosis. It explains how one disease can trigger another disease i.e. Nidanarthakara roga, leading to the presence of two or more diseases at the same time. This chapter lays down some principles of diagnosis to manage such conditions as well. </p>

<div style="text-align:justify;">This chapter deals with another psychiatric disorder leading to transient loss of consciousness termed as Apasmara. It describes causative factors, predisposing conditions, pathogenesis, signs, types, and prognosis of apasmara. The clinical presentation of this disease simulates the seizure disorders described in conventional medical literature. Apasmara is a common neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by intermittent loss of consciousness, memory, abnormal movements and blackouts. This chapter explores the basic principles of psychiatric disorders involving memory, mind, consciousness and intellect. These disorders are marked by major pathological obstacles in perception, impaired intellectual functioning, orientation, co-ordination and consciousness. Their management includes avoidance of etiological factors as well as pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment (including psychological and spiritual therapies). The basic principles described in the present chapter can be helpful in preventing and managing neuro-psychiatric disorders like apasmara in a better way. This chapter also deals with some important aspects of diagnosis. It explains how one disease can trigger another disease i.e. Nidanarthakara roga, leading to the presence of two or more diseases at the same time. This chapter lays down some principles of diagnosis to manage such conditions as well. </div>

'''Keywords''': apasmara, transient loss of memory, seizure disorders, epilepsy, mind-heart connection, mind-brain connection.

'''Keywords''': apasmara, transient loss of memory, seizure disorders, epilepsy, mind-heart connection, mind-brain connection.

=== Management of apasmara ===

=== Management of apasmara ===

Although the management of apasmara is described further in [[Chikitsa Sthana]], principles of management are given in this chapter. The curable types of epilepsy should be carefully treated with strong elimination and alleviation therapies according to the vitiated dosha. ''Doshas'' present in the vessels above the heart need to be removed which require strong measures requiring medicines having higher penetrability, higher potency and highest bio-availability. With this objective, ''tikshna samshodhana'' (strong elimination) and ''samshamana'' (alleviation therapies) are employed. When extrinsic causative factors are involved (''agantu apasmara''), then ''mantras'' etc., will be useful.

Although the management of apasmara is described further in [[Chikitsa Sthana]], principles of management are given in this chapter. The curable types of epilepsy should be carefully treated with strong elimination and alleviation therapies according to the vitiated [[dosha]]. ''[[Dosha]]s'' present in the vessels above the heart need to be removed which require strong measures requiring medicines having higher penetrability, higher potency and highest bio-availability. With this objective, ''tikshna samshodhana'' (strong elimination) and ''samshamana'' (alleviation therapies) are employed. When extrinsic causative factors are involved (''agantu apasmara''), then ''mantras'' etc., will be useful.

 

The rationale behind advocating strong elimination therapies is the deeper location and excess vitiated state of ''[[dosha]]s''. As described in patho-physiology earlier the ''[[dosha]]'' are in dormant state in the vessels above heart. Therefore to remove these ''[[dosha]]'', strong eliminatory therapies are needed. The strength of the prescribed medicine is decided by their higher penetrability, potency and bio-availability.

=== Practical application of principles ===

=== Practical application of principles ===

#Clinical correlation with modern radiological investigations like CT etc. and EEG for better clinical diagnosis of apasmara  

#Clinical correlation with modern radiological investigations like CT etc. and EEG for better clinical diagnosis of apasmara  

#Enlisting newly introduced disease commonly observed in society into the umbrella of apasmara e.g. Alzheimer’s dementia, depression etc.  

#Enlisting newly introduced disease commonly observed in society into the umbrella of apasmara e.g. Alzheimer’s dementia, depression etc.  

#Retrospective analyses of all signs and symptoms enlisted in the modern text books and formulating probable ''samprapti'' / pathophysiology (''dosha-dushya sammurchchna'') based on ''dosha'' dominance behind manifestation of each sign and symptom can be formulated for better understanding in Ayurvedic perspective.  

#Retrospective analyses of all signs and symptoms enlisted in the modern text books and formulating probable ''samprapti'' / pathophysiology (''dosha-dushya sammurchchna'') based on ''[[dosha]]'' dominance behind manifestation of each sign and symptom can be formulated for better understanding in Ayurvedic perspective.  

#Assessment criteria in [[Ayurveda]] and modern science, modern investigation methods and technologies, biomarkers which are well established may be enlisted.

#Assessment criteria in [[Ayurveda]] and modern science, modern investigation methods and technologies, biomarkers which are well established may be enlisted.

* [[Apasmara Chikitsa]]

* [[Apasmara Chikitsa]]

==References==

==References==