Changes

=== Introduction ===

=== Introduction ===

All psychiatric and psycho-somatic diseases find their roots in the two chapters of unmada and apasmara. These diseases are caused by similar etiological factors and both manifest as manasika vikara (psychiatric diseases). Therefore these two chapters are placed in succession. Mana [mind], buddhi [intellect], and smruti [memory] are integral parts combined with aatma [self] in understanding Ayurvedic psychiatry. The series of pathological events that take place to occlude consciousness in heart and loss of memory is distinctive feature of apasmara. As mentioned earlier in Apasmara Nidana, first the aggravation of doshas at somatic level occurs by improper and impure/foul food and excess affliction of negative emotions like worries, passion, fright, anger, grief etc at psychic level. The disease precipitates in the form of paroxysmal attack, then the negative psychological emotions occlude the consciousness at heart and thereafter leading to loss of memory.  

All psychiatric and psycho-somatic diseases find their roots in the two chapters of ''unmada'' and ''apasmara''. These diseases are caused by similar etiological factors and both manifest as ''manasika vikara'' (psychiatric diseases). Therefore these two chapters are placed in succession. ''Mana'' (mind), ''buddhi'' (intellect), and ''smriti'' (memory) are integral parts combined with ''atma'' (self) in understanding Ayurvedic psychiatry. The series of pathological events that take place to occlude consciousness in heart and loss of memory is distinctive feature of ''apasmara''. As mentioned earlier in [[Apasmara Nidana]], first the aggravation of ''doshas'' at somatic level occurs by improper and impure/foul food and excess affliction of negative emotions like worries, passion, fright, anger, grief etc at psychic level. The disease precipitates in the form of paroxysmal attack, then the negative psychological emotions occlude the consciousness at heart and thereafter leading to loss of memory.

There is always a possibility of food contamination as a causative factor for epilepsy. Case of endrin-laced taquitos causing seizures in the US is an example of food contamination causing epileptic seizures.   In the same way balance between sattva, rajas and tamas is important by avoiding the stressors that precipitate the apasmara attack. Various animal products like ghee processed with medicinal herbs are utilized for medicine preparation.  

Atattwabhinivesha is another disease specially mentioned in this chapter. It is termed as the single major disease i.e. mahagada, leading to affliction of mind and intellect. Its management is also mentioned in this contexrt.  

There is always a possibility of food contamination as a causative factor for epilepsy. A case in point is of endrin-laced taquitos causing seizures in the US<ref>

Waller K, Prendergast TJ, Slagle A, Jackson RJ. Seizures after eating a snack food contaminated with the pesticide endrin. The tale of the toxic taquitos. Western Journal of Medicine. 1992;157(6):648-651.</ref>. In the same way, balance between ''sattva, rajas'' and ''tamas'' is important by avoiding the stressors that precipitate the ''apasmara'' attack. Various animal products like ghee processed with medicinal herbs are utilized for medicine preparation.  

 

''Atattvabhinivesha'' is another disease specially mentioned in this chapter. It is termed as the single major disease ,i.e., ''mahagada,'' leading to affliction of mind and intellect. Its management is also mentioned in this context.

 

===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation===

===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation===