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|keywords=Nasya,Nasya in ayurveda,Nasya Meaning,Nasya therapy,Anu taila,Nasya karma,Nasya type,Nasya oil,charak samhita, carakasamhitaonline, Indian System of Medicine, Nasal drug administration

|keywords=Nasya,Nasya in ayurveda,Nasya Meaning,Nasya therapy,Anu taila,Nasya karma,Nasya type,Nasya oil,charak samhita, carakasamhitaonline, Indian System of Medicine, Nasal drug administration

|description=It means nasal drug delivery or therapeutic administration of some substance through nose

|description=It means nasal drug delivery or therapeutic administration of some substance through nose

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image_alt=carak samhita

|image_alt=carak samhita

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{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|label4 = Affiliations

|label4 = Affiliations

|data4 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I.P.G.T.& R.A., Jamnagar  

|data4 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I.T.R.A., Jamnagar  

|label5 = Correspondence email:

|label5 = Correspondence email:

|label6 = Date of first publication:

|label6 = Date of first publication:

|data6 = December 15, 2020

|data6 = December 15, 2020

|label7 = DOI

|label7 = DOI

|data7 =  Under process

|data7 =  [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s09.035 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s09.035]

}}

}}

==Etymology and derivation==

==Etymology and derivation==

 

The term ‘nasya’ is derived from the root word ‘nas’, which means ‘motion’ (nasagatau) or pervasion (nasavyapatau).<ref>Sabdakalpadruma- vol 5, 3rd edition. Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanskrit series office; 1961.nasya; p. 457:Col 1</ref>  The term ‘nastaha’ means ‘beneficial to nose’.<ref>Mukundalal Dwivedi, Vaacaspatyam, Ayurvediya Pancakarma. Varanasi: Chaukhambha bharati academy; 1992, Chapter 11; p-936</ref> Administration of any form of medicine into the nose is called nasya. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 40/21]<ref name= Susruta> Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref>

The term ‘nasya’ is derived from the root word ‘nas’, which means ‘motion’ (nasagatau) or pervasion (nasavyapatau).<ref>Sabdakalpadruma- vol 5, 3rd edition. Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanskrit series office; 1961.nasya; p. 457:Col 1</ref>  The term ‘nastaha’ means ‘beneficial to nose’.<ref>Mukundalal Dwivedi, Vaacaspatyam, Ayurvediya Pancakarma. Varanasi: Chaukhambha bharati academy; 1992, Chapter 11; p-936</ref> Administration of any form of medicine into the nose is called nasya. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 40/21]<ref name= Susruta> Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref>

==Synonyms==

==Synonyms==

   

   

Navana,nastakarma [A.S. Sutra Sthana 29/2]<ref name= Sangraha> Vridha Vagbhata, Ashtanga Sangraha. Edited by Shivaprasad Sharma. 3rd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba sanskrit series office;2012.</ref>, nasyakarma [Sha.Sa.Uttarakhanda 8/1]<ref name= Shargadara> Sharangadhara. Sharangadhara Samhita. Translated from Sanskrit by K.R. Srikantha Murthy. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha orientalia;2016.</ref>, nastaha prachardana[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/85], shirovireka, murdhavirechana.

Navana, nastakarma [A.S. Sutra Sthana 29/2]<ref name= Sangraha> Vridha Vagbhata, Ashtanga Sangraha. Edited by Shivaprasad Sharma. 3rd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba sanskrit series office;2012.</ref>, nasyakarma [Sha.Sa.Uttarakhanda 8/1]<ref name= Shargadara> Sharangadhara. Sharangadhara Samhita. Translated from Sanskrit by K.R. Srikantha Murthy. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha orientalia;2016.</ref>, nastaha prachardana[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/85], shirovireka, murdhavirechana.

==Classification==

==Classification==

=====Indications=====

=====Indications=====

   

   

Unconsciousness, snake bite, diseases of throat, intermittent fever, psychological disorders, excessive sleep, [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 40/44-45]<ref name=Susruta/>  [Sha.Sa.Uttarakhanda 8/16]<ref name=Shargadara/> diseases of [[kapha]] [[dosha]] and adipose tissue ([[meda]]). [Dalhana on Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 40/44-45]<ref name=Susruta/>

Unconsciousness, snake bite, diseases of throat, intermittent fever, psychological disorders, excessive sleep, [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 40/44-45]<ref name=Susruta/>  [Sha.Sa.Uttarakhanda 8/16]<ref name=Shargadara/> diseases of [[kapha]] [[dosha]] and adipose tissue ([[meda dhatu]]). [Dalhana on Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 40/44-45]<ref name=Susruta/>

=====Types=====

=====Types=====

=====Indications=====

=====Indications=====

Psychological disorders, person afflicted by poison, unconsciousness, epilepsy etc. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 40/46]<ref name=Susruta/> [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 9/95],conditions of severe aggravation of [[dosha]]. [Sha.Sa.Uttarakhanda 8/17]<ref name=Shargadara/>

Psychological disorders, person afflicted by poison, unconsciousness, epilepsy etc. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 40/46]<ref name=Susruta/> [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 9/95] and conditions of severe aggravation of [[dosha]]. [Sha.Sa.Uttarakhanda 8/17]<ref name=Shargadara/>

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

1ml (2 bindu) [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana.20/28-29]<ref name=Hridaya/>

1ml (2 bindu) [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana.20/28-29]<ref name=Hridaya/>

   

   

Application of medicated oil in the inner wall of the nose with the finger dipped in the oil is also considered as pratimarsha. [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana 9/92]

Application of medicated oil in the inner wall of the nose with the finger dipped in the oil is also considered as pratimarsha. [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 9/92]

====High dose instillation (marshanasya)====

====High dose instillation (marshanasya)====

Complications due to improper administration:

Complications due to improper administration:

   

   

*If nasya medication is instilled quickly (atidrutam), will have a negative impact over the micro channels and leads to the obstruction of vital air (prana). It results in cough, dyspnea, hiccups etc. [Ka.Sa.Siddhi Sthana 4/3]<ref name=Kashyapa> Kashyapa. Kashyapa Samhita. Edited by P. V. Tewari. Reprint. Varanasi: Chaukhambha vishvabharati;2008.</ref>

*If nasya medication is instilled quickly (atidrutam), it will make a negative impact over the micro channels and leads to the obstruction of vital air (prana). It results in cough, dyspnea, hiccups etc. [Ka.Sa.Siddhi Sthana 4/3]<ref name=Kashyapa> Kashyapa. Kashyapa Samhita. Edited by P. V. Tewari. Reprint. Varanasi: Chaukhambha vishvabharati;2008.</ref>

*If nasya medication is excessively hot, that results in burns, ulceration, epistaxis, headache,  vision complaints and fainting. [A.S. Sutra Sthana 29/18]<ref name=Sangraha/>

*If nasya medication is excessively hot, that results in burns, ulceration, epistaxis, headache,  vision complaints and fainting. [A.S. Sutra Sthana 29/18]<ref name=Sangraha/>

*Administration of medication which is too cold, results in blockage in the channels which results in non evacuation of [[dosha]]. [Ka.Sa.Siddhi Sthana 4/3]<ref name=Kashyapa/> [A.S. Sutra Sthana 29/18]<ref name=Sangraha/>

*Administration of medication which is too cold, results in blockage in the channels which results in non evacuation of [[dosha]]. [Ka.Sa.Siddhi Sthana 4/3]<ref name=Kashyapa/> [A.S. Sutra Sthana 29/18]<ref name=Sangraha/>

Nasal route is a simple, convenient, noninvasive and safe for systemic administration of drugs. The advantages of nasal route for drug delivery are its large surface area for drug absorption, bypassing the hepatic first-pass metabolism and avoiding drug degradation in gastro intestinal tract. Apart from this the nasal route plays major role in the brain targeted drug delivery. It allows active principles of the drug to be delivered directly to the brain via neural pathways such as olfactory and trigeminal nerves. Through this pathway it also bypasses the blood brain barrier. Drugs cross the nasal mucosa through transcellular and paracellular pathways. Lipophilic molecules are usually transported through the transcellular pathway.<ref name=DKim>D Kim, Young HK, Soonjo K. Enhanced nasal drug delivery efficiency by increasing mechanical loading using hypergravity. Sci Rep. 2018 Jan 9;8(1):168. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18561-x.</ref> The intra nasal combination of erythropoietin and IGF-1 (insulin like growth factor-1) significantly reduce the infarct in middle cerebral artery occlusion and improve neurological functions. Intra nasal delivery of recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor shows reduction in infract volume, improved behavioral recovery and enhanced angiogenesis following middle cerebral artery occlusion (Xu et al., 2009).<ref name=Franciska>Franciska Erdo, Luca AB, Daniel F et al. Evaluation of intranasal delivery route of drug administration for brain targeting. Brain Res Bull. 2018 Oct;143:155-170. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.10.009. Epub 2018 Oct 25.</ref>

Nasal route is a simple, convenient, noninvasive and safe for systemic administration of drugs. The advantages of nasal route for drug delivery are its large surface area for drug absorption, bypassing the hepatic first-pass metabolism and avoiding drug degradation in gastro intestinal tract. Apart from this the nasal route plays major role in the brain targeted drug delivery. It allows active principles of the drug to be delivered directly to the brain via neural pathways such as olfactory and trigeminal nerves. Through this pathway it also bypasses the blood brain barrier. Drugs cross the nasal mucosa through transcellular and paracellular pathways. Lipophilic molecules are usually transported through the transcellular pathway.<ref name=DKim>D Kim, Young HK, Soonjo K. Enhanced nasal drug delivery efficiency by increasing mechanical loading using hypergravity. Sci Rep. 2018 Jan 9;8(1):168. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18561-x.</ref> The intra nasal combination of erythropoietin and IGF-1 (insulin like growth factor-1) significantly reduce the infarct in middle cerebral artery occlusion and improve neurological functions. Intra nasal delivery of recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor shows reduction in infract volume, improved behavioral recovery and enhanced angiogenesis following middle cerebral artery occlusion (Xu et al., 2009).<ref name=Franciska>Franciska Erdo, Luca AB, Daniel F et al. Evaluation of intranasal delivery route of drug administration for brain targeting. Brain Res Bull. 2018 Oct;143:155-170. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.10.009. Epub 2018 Oct 25.</ref>

   

   

In a study conducted on 36 patients, Nasya with Dhanwantaramtaila was found to be effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of cervical spondylosis especially pain, tenderness, numbness etc. Nose is a direct pathway to brain. The peripheral process of olfactory cells responds to volatile, water soluble and lipid soluble chemical substances. The medicine used for nasya possess these qualities. Nasya may stimulate the brain through this pathway and thus inducing the production of neuro peptides which act as pain relievers. iv The nasya may stimulate the areas like amygdela in the limbic system and thus activate the neuropeptide pathway.<ref name=CRadhika/>   

In a study conducted on 36 patients, Nasya with Dhanwantaramtaila was found to be effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of cervical spondylosis especially pain, tenderness, numbness etc. Nose is a direct pathway to brain. The peripheral process of olfactory cells responds to volatile, water soluble and lipid soluble chemical substances. The medicine used for nasya possess these qualities. Nasya may stimulate the brain through this pathway and thus inducing the production of neuro peptides which act as pain relievers. Nasya may stimulate the areas like amygdela in the limbic system and thus activate the neuropeptide pathway.<ref name=CRadhika/>   

Nasya with powder (trikatuchurna) in a comatose patient showed appreciable changes in Glasgow coma scale. Smell sensation projects to higher cortical area and to the limbic system. Drugs administered in powder form may stimulate the limbic system, hypothalamus and thalamus. This in turn may activate the reticular activating system which provokes higher degree of consciousness.<ref name=Rajkala>Rajkala SR, PD Patil, AB Thakar. Efficacy of Nasya (nasal medication) in coma: A case study. Anc Sci Life. 2016 Apr-Jun;35(4):232-5. doi: 10.4103/0257-7941.188188.</ref>

Nasya with powder (trikatuchurna) in a comatose patient showed appreciable changes in Glasgow coma scale. Smell sensation projects to higher cortical area and to the limbic system. Drugs administered in powder form may stimulate the limbic system, hypothalamus and thalamus. This in turn may activate the reticular activating system which provokes higher degree of consciousness.<ref name=Rajkala>Rajkala SR, PD Patil, AB Thakar. Efficacy of Nasya (nasal medication) in coma: A case study. Anc Sci Life. 2016 Apr-Jun;35(4):232-5. doi: 10.4103/0257-7941.188188.</ref>

==More information==

==More information==

[[Trimarmiya Siddhi]], [[Panchakarmiya Siddhi]], [[MatrashiteeyaAdhyaya]]

[[Trimarmiya Siddhi]], [[Panchakarmiya Siddhi]], [[Matrashiteeya Adhyaya]]

==Abbreviations==

==Abbreviations==

==List of References==

==List of References==

The list of references for Nasya in Charak Samhita can be seen[[Media:|here]]

The list of references for Nasya in Charak Samhita can be seen[[Media:Reference_of_word_nasya_in_Charaka_Samhita.pdf| here]]

 

==References==

==References==