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{{#seo:
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|title=Matrashiteeya Adhyaya
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|titlemode=append
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|keywords=Quantity of diet, Dinacharya, Abhyanga, Nasya, Kavala / Gandusha, Anu taila, Anjana, karnapurana, personal hygiene, oral health, gargling, nasal errhines, massage, collyrium, mouth wash, health of sense organs, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.
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|description=Swastha chatushka, the tetrad of chapters on health, deals with the preservation of health and prevention of diseases. The first chapter of this tetrad, entitled Matrashiteeya Adhyaya, covers two topics viz. various aspects of the proper quantity and quality of diet and various daily regimens that should be followed by a person for healthy living
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|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
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|image_alt=carak samhita
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|type=article
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}}
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<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 5. The proper quantity of food and daily regimen for preserving health '''</big>
 
<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 5. The proper quantity of food and daily regimen for preserving health '''</big>
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<big>'''Abstract'''</big>
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<div style="text-align:justify;">Swastha chatushka, the tetrad of chapters on health, deals with the preservation of health and prevention of diseases. The first chapter of this tetrad, entitled Matrashiteeya Adhyaya, covers two topics viz. various aspects of the proper quantity and quality of diet and various daily regimens that should be followed by a person for healthy living. The tenets of personal hygiene, oral hygiene and hygiene of sense organs are described in this chapter. The routine procedures to preserve health like [[abhyanga]] (massage),[[dhumapana]] (inhalation of smoke/vapours), [[nasya]] (nasal errhines), [[kavala]] and [[gandusha]] ( methods of gargling), [[karnapurana]] (applying oil in ears), [[anjana]] (collyrium) etc. are described in this chapter with their methods of administration and positive health benefits. </div>
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'''Keywords''': Quantity of diet, [[Dinacharya]], [[Abhyanga]], [[Nasya]], [[Kavala]] / [[Gandusha]], [[Anu taila]], [[Anjana]], [[karnapurana]], personal hygiene, oral health, gargling, nasal errhines, massage, collyrium, mouth wash, health of sense organs.
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{{Infobox
 
{{Infobox
 
|title = Matrashiteeya Adhyaya
 
|title = Matrashiteeya Adhyaya
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|label5 = Other Sections
 
|label5 = Other Sections
 
|data5 = [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]],  [[Sharira Sthana]],  [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]
 
|data5 = [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]],  [[Sharira Sthana]],  [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]
 +
|label6 = Translator and commentator
 +
|data6 = Nair S.S.R., Deole Y. S.
 +
|label7 = Author of Vidhi Vimarsha
 +
|data7  = Rao M.
 +
|label8 = Reviewer
 +
|data8  = Reddy P.S.
 +
|label9 = Editors
 +
|data9  = Reddy P.S., Deole Y.S., Basisht G.
 +
|label10 = Year of publication
 +
|data10 =  2020
 +
|label11 = Publisher
 +
|data11 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
 +
|label12 = DOI
 +
|data12  = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s01.007 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s01.007]
 +
}}
 +
<big>'''Abstract'''</big>
 +
 +
<div style="text-align:justify;">Swastha chatushka, the tetrad of chapters on [[health]], deals with the preservation of [[health]] and prevention of [[disease]]. The first chapter of this tetrad, entitled Matrashiteeya Adhyaya, covers two topics viz. various aspects of the proper quantity and quality of diet and various daily regimens that should be followed by a person for healthy living. The tenets of personal hygiene, oral hygiene and hygiene of sense organs are described in this chapter. The routine procedures to preserve health like [[abhyanga]] (massage), [[dhumapana]] (inhalation of smoke/vapors), [[nasya]] (nasal errhines), [[kavala]] and [[gandusha]] ( methods of gargling), [[karnapurana]] (applying oil in ears), [[anjana]] (collyrium) etc. are described in this chapter with their methods of administration and positive health benefits. </div>
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}}
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'''Keywords''': Quantity of diet, [[Dinacharya]], [[Abhyanga]], [[Nasya]], [[Kavala]] , [[Gandusha]], [[Anu taila]], [[Anjana]], [[karnapurana]], personal hygiene, oral health, gargling, nasal errhines, massage, collyrium, mouth wash, health of sense organs.
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=== Introduction ===
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== Introduction ==
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
A wholesome diet is essential for good health and prevention of disease. Considering the importance of quantity of diet, this tetrad dealing with health commences with this chapter. Two topics are explained here: - the concept of proper quantity of diet and the details of daily regimen. Charak dedicated an entire tetrad (''Annapana chatushkam'') for explaining qualities and effects of dietetics later in this section of [[Sutra Sthana]]. Important aspects of food have also been dealt with in the first and the second chapters of [[Vimana Sthana]]. Diet is the only factor which is responsible for normal health as well as disease. How and what food should be taken is assessed by eight factors. These factors are collectively designated as [[Rasa Vimana # Ashta vidha ahara visheshayatana ( eight specific factors for diet) | ahara visheshayatana ]].  
 
A wholesome diet is essential for good health and prevention of disease. Considering the importance of quantity of diet, this tetrad dealing with health commences with this chapter. Two topics are explained here: - the concept of proper quantity of diet and the details of daily regimen. Charak dedicated an entire tetrad (''Annapana chatushkam'') for explaining qualities and effects of dietetics later in this section of [[Sutra Sthana]]. Important aspects of food have also been dealt with in the first and the second chapters of [[Vimana Sthana]]. Diet is the only factor which is responsible for normal health as well as disease. How and what food should be taken is assessed by eight factors. These factors are collectively designated as [[Rasa Vimana # Ashta vidha ahara visheshayatana ( eight specific factors for diet) | ahara visheshayatana ]].  
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In relation to food, the present chapter explains the ideal quantity of food articles and determination of measurement of food articles with reference to their heaviness and lightness. Such food articles whose habitual use is recommended and/or prohibited include eye-salves, herbal cigar smoking, and three varieties of medicated cigars. The chapter also enumerates the advantages of herbal smoking, frequency and time of smoking, dosage, proper method, details about preparation of smoking pipe, complications, its remedies and contra-indications. The benefits of ''nasya'' (nasal drug administration), their procedures, types, time of administration, and methods are explained.  The details of tooth-cleaning twig, properties and use of different twigs, the list of mouthwash liquids and their benefits, and advantages of oil gargling are mentioned for oral health. The benefits of applying oil on the head, applying oil into the ears, anointing the feet, body-massage, bath, wearing clean clothes, perfumes and jewel-ornaments, ablutions, clipping and trimming of hair, wearing footwear, and to carry umbrella and staff are described in this chapter.
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In relation to food, the present chapter explains the ideal quantity of food articles and determination of measurement of food articles with reference to their heaviness and lightness. Such food articles whose habitual use is recommended and/or prohibited include eye-salves, herbal cigar smoking, and three varieties of medicated cigars. The chapter also enumerates the advantages of herbal smoking, frequency and time of smoking, dosage, proper method, details about preparation of smoking pipe, complications, its remedies and contra-indications. The benefits of ''[[nasya]]'' (nasal drug administration), their procedures, types, time of administration, and methods are explained.  The details of tooth-cleaning, the list of mouthwash liquids and their benefits, and advantages of oil gargling are mentioned for oral health. The benefits of applying oil on the head, applying oil into the ears, anointing the feet, body-massage, bath, wearing clean clothes, perfumes and jewel-ornaments, ablutions, clipping and trimming of hair, wearing footwear, and to carry umbrella and staff are described in this chapter.
 
</div>
 
</div>
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=== Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation ===
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== Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation ==
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अथातो मात्राशितीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||  
 
अथातो मात्राशितीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||  
    
इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||  
 
इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||  
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Athātō mātrāśitīyamadhyāyaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||  
 
Athātō mātrāśitīyamadhyāyaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||  
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iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||  
 
iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||  
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</div></div>
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Now we shall expound on the chapter “The quantity of one’s diet”. Thus, said Lord Atreya. [1-2]
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Now we shall expound the chapter “Matrashiteeya” (The proper quantity of food and daily regimen for preserving health). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]
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====Diet for preservation of health and prevention of diseases ====
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===Diet for preservation of health and prevention of diseases ===
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===== Quantity of diet and criteria =====
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==== Quantity of diet and criteria ====
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<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
मात्राशी स्यात्|  
 
मात्राशी स्यात्|  
    
आहारमात्रा पुनरग्निबलापेक्षिणी||३||  
 
आहारमात्रा पुनरग्निबलापेक्षिणी||३||  
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Mātrāśī syāt|  
 
Mātrāśī syāt|  
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AhAramAtrA punaragnibalApekShiNI||3||
 
AhAramAtrA punaragnibalApekShiNI||3||
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</div></div>
    
One must take food in proper quantity, which depends on the strength of [[agni]] (digestive power). [3]
 
One must take food in proper quantity, which depends on the strength of [[agni]] (digestive power). [3]
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<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
यावद्ध्यस्याशनमशितमनुपहत्य प्रकृतिं यथाकालं जरां गच्छति तावदस्य मात्राप्रमाणं वेदितव्यं भवति||४||  
 
यावद्ध्यस्याशनमशितमनुपहत्य प्रकृतिं यथाकालं जरां गच्छति तावदस्य मात्राप्रमाणं वेदितव्यं भवति||४||  
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Yāvaddhyasyāśanamaśitamanupahatya prakr̥tiṁ yathākālaṁ jarāṁ gacchati tāvadasya mātrāpramāṇaṁvēditavyaṁ bhavati||4||  
 
Yāvaddhyasyāśanamaśitamanupahatya prakr̥tiṁ yathākālaṁ jarāṁ gacchati tāvadasya mātrāpramāṇaṁvēditavyaṁ bhavati||4||  
    
yAvaddhyasyAshanamashitamanupahatya prakRutiM yathAkAlaM jarAM gacchati tAvadasya mAtrApramANaM veditavyaM bhavati||4||
 
yAvaddhyasyAshanamashitamanupahatya prakRutiM yathAkAlaM jarAM gacchati tAvadasya mAtrApramANaM veditavyaM bhavati||4||
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</div></div>
    
That shall be known as the proper quantity of food which is digested in due time without disturbing the normalcy. [4]
 
That shall be known as the proper quantity of food which is digested in due time without disturbing the normalcy. [4]
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===== Inherently heavy and light to digest foods =====
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==== Inherently heavy and light to digest foods ====
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<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
तत्र शालिषष्टिकमुद्गलावकपिञ्जलैणशशशरभशम्बरादीन्याहारद्रव्याणि प्रकृतिलघून्यपि मात्रापेक्षीणि भवन्ति|
 
तत्र शालिषष्टिकमुद्गलावकपिञ्जलैणशशशरभशम्बरादीन्याहारद्रव्याणि प्रकृतिलघून्यपि मात्रापेक्षीणि भवन्ति|
 
   
 
   
 
तथा पिष्टेक्षुक्षीरविकृतितिलमाषानूपौदकपिशितादीन्याहारद्रव्याणि प्रकृतिगुरूण्यपि मात्रामेवापेक्षन्ते||५||  
 
तथा पिष्टेक्षुक्षीरविकृतितिलमाषानूपौदकपिशितादीन्याहारद्रव्याणि प्रकृतिगुरूण्यपि मात्रामेवापेक्षन्ते||५||  
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Tatra śāliṣaṣṭikamudgalāvakapiñjalaiṇaśaśaśarabhaśambarādīnyāhāradravyāṇi prakr̥tilaghūnyapimātrāpēkṣīṇi bhavanti|  
 
Tatra śāliṣaṣṭikamudgalāvakapiñjalaiṇaśaśaśarabhaśambarādīnyāhāradravyāṇi prakr̥tilaghūnyapimātrāpēkṣīṇi bhavanti|  
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tathA piShTekShukShIravikRutitilamAShAnUpaudakapishitAdInyAhAradravyANi prakRutigurUNyapi mAtrAmevApekShante||5||  
 
tathA piShTekShukShIravikRutitilamAShAnUpaudakapishitAdInyAhAradravyANi prakRutigurUNyapi mAtrAmevApekShante||5||  
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</div></div>
    
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
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</div>
 
</div>
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===== Basic composition of food =====
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==== Basic composition of food ====
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<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
न चैवमुक्ते द्रव्ये गुरुलाघवमकारणं मन्येत, लघूनि हि द्रव्याणि वाय्वग्निगुणबहुलानि भवन्ति; पृथ्वीसोमगुणबहुलानीतराणि,तस्मात् स्वगुणादपि लघून्यग्निसन्धुक्षणस्वभावान्यल्पदोषाणि चोच्यन्तेऽपि सौहित्योपयुक्तानि, गुरूणिपुनर्नाग्निसन्धुक्षणस्वभावान्यसामान्यात्, अतश्चातिमात्रं दोषवन्ति सौहित्योपयुक्तान्यन्यत्र व्यायामाग्निबलात्; सैषाभवत्यग्निबलापेक्षिणी मात्रा||६||  
 
न चैवमुक्ते द्रव्ये गुरुलाघवमकारणं मन्येत, लघूनि हि द्रव्याणि वाय्वग्निगुणबहुलानि भवन्ति; पृथ्वीसोमगुणबहुलानीतराणि,तस्मात् स्वगुणादपि लघून्यग्निसन्धुक्षणस्वभावान्यल्पदोषाणि चोच्यन्तेऽपि सौहित्योपयुक्तानि, गुरूणिपुनर्नाग्निसन्धुक्षणस्वभावान्यसामान्यात्, अतश्चातिमात्रं दोषवन्ति सौहित्योपयुक्तान्यन्यत्र व्यायामाग्निबलात्; सैषाभवत्यग्निबलापेक्षिणी मात्रा||६||  
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Na caivamuktē dravyē gurulāghavamakāraṇaṁ manyēta, laghūni hi dravyāṇi vāyvagniguṇabahulānibhavanti; pr̥thvīsōmaguṇabahulānītarāṇi, tasmāt svaguṇādapilaghūnyagnisandhukṣaṇasvabhāvānyalpadōṣāṇi cōcyantē'pi sauhityōpayuktāni, gurūṇipunarnāgnisandhukṣaṇasvabhāvānyasāmānyāt, ataścātimātraṁ dōṣavanti sauhityōpayuktānyanyatravyāyāmāgnibalāt; saiṣā bhavatyagnibalāpēkṣiṇī mātrā||6||  
 
Na caivamuktē dravyē gurulāghavamakāraṇaṁ manyēta, laghūni hi dravyāṇi vāyvagniguṇabahulānibhavanti; pr̥thvīsōmaguṇabahulānītarāṇi, tasmāt svaguṇādapilaghūnyagnisandhukṣaṇasvabhāvānyalpadōṣāṇi cōcyantē'pi sauhityōpayuktāni, gurūṇipunarnāgnisandhukṣaṇasvabhāvānyasāmānyāt, ataścātimātraṁ dōṣavanti sauhityōpayuktānyanyatravyāyāmāgnibalāt; saiṣā bhavatyagnibalāpēkṣiṇī mātrā||6||  
    
na caivamukte dravye gurulAghavamakAraNaM manyeta, laghUni hi dravyANi vAyvagniguNabahulAni bhavanti; pRuthvIsomaguNabahulAnItarANi, tasmAtsvaguNAdapi laghUnyagnisandhukShaNasvabhAvAnyalpadoShANi cocyante~api sauhityopayuktAni, gurUNi punarnAgnisandhukShaNasvabhAvAnyasAmAnyAt,atashcAtimAtraM doShavanti sauhityopayuktAnyanyatra vyAyAmAgnibalAt; saiShA bhavatyagnibalApekShiNI mAtrA||6||  
 
na caivamukte dravye gurulAghavamakAraNaM manyeta, laghUni hi dravyANi vAyvagniguNabahulAni bhavanti; pRuthvIsomaguNabahulAnItarANi, tasmAtsvaguNAdapi laghUnyagnisandhukShaNasvabhAvAnyalpadoShANi cocyante~api sauhityopayuktAni, gurUNi punarnAgnisandhukShaNasvabhAvAnyasAmAnyAt,atashcAtimAtraM doShavanti sauhityopayuktAnyanyatra vyAyAmAgnibalAt; saiShA bhavatyagnibalApekShiNI mAtrA||6||  
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</div></div>
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<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
From this, one should not conclude that heaviness or lightness in a food-article is mentioned without a reason. The light to digest substances have a predominance of the qualities of [[vayu]] and [[agni]]. The others have a predominance of the qualities of [[prithvi]] and [[jala]]. Therefore, the light food-articles are stimulants of [[agni]] owing to their innate quality, and are said to be less harmful even if they are eaten to a surfeit.  On the other hand, heavy articles are non-stimulant of [[agni]] by nature, due to their dissimilarity of qualities. Thus, they cause harm if taken in excess quantity, unless there is strong [[agni]] achieved by physical exercise. Thus the right quantity of diet is determined by the strength of [[agni]]. [6]
 
From this, one should not conclude that heaviness or lightness in a food-article is mentioned without a reason. The light to digest substances have a predominance of the qualities of [[vayu]] and [[agni]]. The others have a predominance of the qualities of [[prithvi]] and [[jala]]. Therefore, the light food-articles are stimulants of [[agni]] owing to their innate quality, and are said to be less harmful even if they are eaten to a surfeit.  On the other hand, heavy articles are non-stimulant of [[agni]] by nature, due to their dissimilarity of qualities. Thus, they cause harm if taken in excess quantity, unless there is strong [[agni]] achieved by physical exercise. Thus the right quantity of diet is determined by the strength of [[agni]]. [6]
 
</div>
 
</div>
   −
===== Proportion of heavy and light to digest food =====
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==== Proportion of heavy and light to digest food ====
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न च नापेक्षते द्रव्यं; द्रव्यापेक्षया च त्रिभागसौहित्यमर्धसौहित्यं वा गुरूणामुपदिश्यते, लघूनामपि चनातिसौहित्यमग्नेर्युक्त्यर्थम्||७||  
 
न च नापेक्षते द्रव्यं; द्रव्यापेक्षया च त्रिभागसौहित्यमर्धसौहित्यं वा गुरूणामुपदिश्यते, लघूनामपि चनातिसौहित्यमग्नेर्युक्त्यर्थम्||७||  
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Na ca nāpēkṣatē dravyaṁ; dravyāpēkṣayā ca tribhāgasauhityamardhasauhityaṁ vā gurūṇāmupadiśyatē,laghūnāmapi ca nātisauhityamagnēryuktyartham||7||  
 
Na ca nāpēkṣatē dravyaṁ; dravyāpēkṣayā ca tribhāgasauhityamardhasauhityaṁ vā gurūṇāmupadiśyatē,laghūnāmapi ca nātisauhityamagnēryuktyartham||7||  
    
na ca nApekShate dravyaM; dravyApekShayA ca tribhAgasauhityamardhasauhityaM vA gurUNAmupadishyate, laghUnAmapi ca nAtisauhityamagneryuktyartham||7||
 
na ca nApekShate dravyaM; dravyApekShayA ca tribhAgasauhityamardhasauhityaM vA gurUNAmupadishyate, laghUnAmapi ca nAtisauhityamagneryuktyartham||7||
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</div></div>
    
The right quantity always depends upon the substance itself. Based on the food-article itself, it is advised that heavy articles should be taken upto one third or one half of the saturation point (of capacity of stomach); even light ones should not be taken in surfeit in order to maintain the strength of [[agni]].[7]
 
The right quantity always depends upon the substance itself. Based on the food-article itself, it is advised that heavy articles should be taken upto one third or one half of the saturation point (of capacity of stomach); even light ones should not be taken in surfeit in order to maintain the strength of [[agni]].[7]
   −
===== Benefits of proper quantity diet =====
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==== Benefits of proper quantity diet ====
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मात्रावद्ध्यशनमशितमनुपहत्य प्रकृतिं बलवर्णसुखायुषा योजयत्युपयोक्तारमवश्यमिति||८||  
 
मात्रावद्ध्यशनमशितमनुपहत्य प्रकृतिं बलवर्णसुखायुषा योजयत्युपयोक्तारमवश्यमिति||८||  
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<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Mātrāvaddhyaśanamaśitamanupahatya prakr̥tiṁ balavarṇasukhāyuṣāyōjayatyupayōktāramavaśyamiti||8||  
 
Mātrāvaddhyaśanamaśitamanupahatya prakr̥tiṁ balavarṇasukhāyuṣāyōjayatyupayōktāramavaśyamiti||8||  
    
mAtrAvaddhyashanamashitamanupahatya prakRutiM balavarNasukhAyuShA yojayatyupayoktAramavashyamiti||8||  
 
mAtrAvaddhyashanamashitamanupahatya prakRutiM balavarNasukhAyuShA yojayatyupayoktAramavashyamiti||8||  
 +
</div></div>
    
The food taken in right quantity certainly provides strength, complexion, happiness and longevity to the person; without disturbing the normalcy. [8]
 
The food taken in right quantity certainly provides strength, complexion, happiness and longevity to the person; without disturbing the normalcy. [8]
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
भवन्ति चात्र-  
 
भवन्ति चात्र-  
 
गुरु पिष्टमयं तस्मात्तण्डुलान् पृथुकानपि|  
 
गुरु पिष्टमयं तस्मात्तण्डुलान् पृथुकानपि|  
 
न जातु भुक्तवान् खादेन्मात्रां खादेद्बुभुक्षितः||९||
 
न जातु भुक्तवान् खादेन्मात्रां खादेद्बुभुक्षितः||९||
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Bhavanti cātra-  
 
Bhavanti cātra-  
Line 134: Line 178:  
guru piShTamayaM tasmAttaNDulAn pRuthukAnapi|  
 
guru piShTamayaM tasmAttaNDulAn pRuthukAnapi|  
 
na jAtu bhuktavAn khAdenmAtrAM khAdedbubhukShitaH||9||
 
na jAtu bhuktavAn khAdenmAtrAM khAdedbubhukShitaH||9||
   
+
  </div></div>
 +
 
 
Here are verses again-
 
Here are verses again-
    
Accordingly, one should never eat such heavy to digest articles as preparations of flour, rice, flattened rice etc., on top of a meal. Even while hungry one should take them in right quantity. [9]
 
Accordingly, one should never eat such heavy to digest articles as preparations of flour, rice, flattened rice etc., on top of a meal. Even while hungry one should take them in right quantity. [9]
   −
===== Forbidden food articles for habitual consumption =====
+
==== Forbidden food articles for habitual consumption ====
+
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
 +
 
 
वल्लूरं शुष्कशाकानि शालूकानि बिसानि च|  
 
वल्लूरं शुष्कशाकानि शालूकानि बिसानि च|  
 
नाभ्यसेद्गौरवान्मांसं कृशं नैवोपयोजयेत्||१०||
 
नाभ्यसेद्गौरवान्मांसं कृशं नैवोपयोजयेत्||१०||
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Vallūraṁ śuṣkaśākāni śālūkāni bisāni ca|  
 
Vallūraṁ śuṣkaśākāni śālūkāni bisāni ca|  
Line 149: Line 196:  
vallUraM shuShkashAkAni shAlUkAni bisAni ca|  
 
vallUraM shuShkashAkAni shAlUkAni bisAni ca|  
 
nAbhyasedgauravAnmAMsaM kRushaM naivopayojayet||10||  
 
nAbhyasedgauravAnmAMsaM kRushaM naivopayojayet||10||  
 +
</div></div>
    
One should not be habitual to take dried meat, dried vegetables, shaluka (tuber of lotus-Nymphaea alba Linn.) and bisa (stalk of lotus-Nymphaea alba Linn.) as these are heavy to digest. One should never eat meat of emaciated animal. [10]
 
One should not be habitual to take dried meat, dried vegetables, shaluka (tuber of lotus-Nymphaea alba Linn.) and bisa (stalk of lotus-Nymphaea alba Linn.) as these are heavy to digest. One should never eat meat of emaciated animal. [10]
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
कूर्चिकांश्च किलाटांश्च शौकरं गव्यमाहिषे|  
 
कूर्चिकांश्च किलाटांश्च शौकरं गव्यमाहिषे|  
 
मत्स्यान् दधि च माषांश्च यवकांश्च न शीलयेत्||११||
 
मत्स्यान् दधि च माषांश्च यवकांश्च न शीलयेत्||११||
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Kūrcikāṁśca kilāṭāṁśca śaukaraṁ gavyamāhiṣē|  
 
Kūrcikāṁśca kilāṭāṁśca śaukaraṁ gavyamāhiṣē|  
Line 160: Line 210:  
kUrcikAMshca kilATAMshca shaukaraM gavyamAhiShe|  
 
kUrcikAMshca kilATAMshca shaukaraM gavyamAhiShe|  
 
matsyAn dadhi ca mAShAMshca yavakAMshca na shIlayet||11||  
 
matsyAn dadhi ca mAShAMshca yavakAMshca na shIlayet||11||  
 +
</div></div>
    
One should not be habitual to take coagulated milk, cream-cheese, pork, meat of cow and buffalo, fish, curd, black-gram and wild-barley. [11]
 
One should not be habitual to take coagulated milk, cream-cheese, pork, meat of cow and buffalo, fish, curd, black-gram and wild-barley. [11]
   −
===== Food articles for regular consumption and preservation of health =====
+
==== Food articles for regular consumption and preservation of health ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
षष्टिकाञ्छालिमुद्गांश्च सैन्धवामलके यवान्|  
 
षष्टिकाञ्छालिमुद्गांश्च सैन्धवामलके यवान्|  
 
आन्तरीक्षं पयः सर्पिर्जाङ्गलं मधु चाभ्यसेत्||१२||
 
आन्तरीक्षं पयः सर्पिर्जाङ्गलं मधु चाभ्यसेत्||१२||
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Ṣaṣṭikāñchālimudgāṁśca saindhavāmalakē yavān|  
 
Ṣaṣṭikāñchālimudgāṁśca saindhavāmalakē yavān|  
Line 173: Line 226:  
ShaShTikA~jchAlimudgAMshca saindhavAmalake yavAn|  
 
ShaShTikA~jchAlimudgAMshca saindhavAmalake yavAn|  
 
AntarIkShaM payaH sarpirjA~ggalaM madhu cAbhyaset||12||  
 
AntarIkShaM payaH sarpirjA~ggalaM madhu cAbhyaset||12||  
 +
</div></div>
    
One should regularly consume shashtika rice (Oryza sativum), shali rice(varieties of Oryza sativum rice), mudga (Vigna radiata green gram), rock-salt, aamalaka (Phyllanthus emblica -Indian-gooseberry), yava (Hordeum vulgare-barley), rain-water, milk, ghee, flesh of ''jangala'' animals(arid habitat) and honey. [12]
 
One should regularly consume shashtika rice (Oryza sativum), shali rice(varieties of Oryza sativum rice), mudga (Vigna radiata green gram), rock-salt, aamalaka (Phyllanthus emblica -Indian-gooseberry), yava (Hordeum vulgare-barley), rain-water, milk, ghee, flesh of ''jangala'' animals(arid habitat) and honey. [12]
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
तच्च नित्यं प्रयुञ्जीत स्वास्थ्यं येनानुवर्तते|  
 
तच्च नित्यं प्रयुञ्जीत स्वास्थ्यं येनानुवर्तते|  
 
अजातानां विकाराणामनुत्पत्तिकरं च यत्||१३||
 
अजातानां विकाराणामनुत्पत्तिकरं च यत्||१३||
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Tacca nityaṁ prayuñjīta svāsthyaṁ yēnānuvartatē|  
 
Tacca nityaṁ prayuñjīta svāsthyaṁ yēnānuvartatē|  
Line 184: Line 240:  
tacca nityaM prayu~jjIta svAsthyaM yenAnuvartate|  
 
tacca nityaM prayu~jjIta svAsthyaM yenAnuvartate|  
 
ajAtAnAM vikArANAmanutpattikaraM ca yat||13||
 
ajAtAnAM vikArANAmanutpattikaraM ca yat||13||
 +
</div></div>
    
One should follow those in the daily regimen, which maintain health as well as prevent onset of diseases. [13]
 
One should follow those in the daily regimen, which maintain health as well as prevent onset of diseases. [13]
   −
==== Daily procedures for preservation of health ====
+
=== Daily procedures for preservation of health ===
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
अत ऊर्ध्वं शरीरस्य कार्यमक्ष्यञ्जनादिकम्|  
 
अत ऊर्ध्वं शरीरस्य कार्यमक्ष्यञ्जनादिकम्|  
    
स्वस्थवृत्तिमभिप्रेत्य गुणतः सम्प्रवक्ष्यते||१४||
 
स्वस्थवृत्तिमभिप्रेत्य गुणतः सम्प्रवक्ष्यते||१४||
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Ata ūrdhvaṁ śarīrasya kāryamakṣyañjanādikam|  
 
Ata ūrdhvaṁ śarīrasya kāryamakṣyañjanādikam|  
Line 200: Line 259:     
svasthavRuttimabhipretya guNataH sampravakShyate||14||
 
svasthavRuttimabhipretya guNataH sampravakShyate||14||
 +
</div></div>
    
From here onwards we shall explain the body regimen like collyrium etc. with reference to their role of maintaining health. [14]
 
From here onwards we shall explain the body regimen like collyrium etc. with reference to their role of maintaining health. [14]
   −
==== [[Anjana]](Collyrium)====
+
=== [[Anjana]](Collyrium)===
   −
===== Frequency of application and types of collyrium =====
+
==== Frequency of application and types of collyrium ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
सौवीरमञ्जनं नित्यं हितमक्ष्णोः प्रयोजयेत्|  
 
सौवीरमञ्जनं नित्यं हितमक्ष्णोः प्रयोजयेत्|  
    
पञ्चरात्रेऽष्टरात्रे वा स्रावणार्थे रसाञ्जनम्||१५||
 
पञ्चरात्रेऽष्टरात्रे वा स्रावणार्थे रसाञ्जनम्||१५||
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Sauvīramañjanaṁ nityaṁ hitamakṣṇōḥ prayōjayēt|  
 
Sauvīramañjanaṁ nityaṁ hitamakṣṇōḥ prayōjayēt|  
Line 218: Line 280:     
pa~jcarAtre~aShTarAtre vA srAvaNArthe rasA~jjanam||15||
 
pa~jcarAtre~aShTarAtre vA srAvaNArthe rasA~jjanam||15||
 +
</div></div>
   −
One should daily apply the collyrium of sauviranjana (antimony sulphide), which is beneficial to the eyes.; one should use rasanjana (aqueous extract of Berberis aristata) once in every fifth or eighth night for cleansing drainage of the eyes. [15]
+
One should daily apply the collyrium of sauviranjana (a type of collyrium), which is beneficial to the eyes.; one should use rasanjana (aqueous extract of Berberis aristata) once in every fifth or eighth night for cleansing drainage of the eyes. [15]
   −
===== Direction of use =====
+
==== Direction of use ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
चक्षुस्तेजोमयं तस्य विशेषाच्छ्लेष्मतो भयम्|  
 
चक्षुस्तेजोमयं तस्य विशेषाच्छ्लेष्मतो भयम्|  
Line 232: Line 296:     
तस्मात् स्राव्यं निशायां तु ध्रुवमञ्जनमिष्यते|१८|
 
तस्मात् स्राव्यं निशायां तु ध्रुवमञ्जनमिष्यते|१८|
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Cakṣustējōmayaṁ tasya viśēṣācchlēṣmatō bhayam|  
 
Cakṣustējōmayaṁ tasya viśēṣācchlēṣmatō bhayam|  
Line 252: Line 317:     
tasmAt srAvyaM nishAyAM tu dhruvama~jjanamiShyate|18|
 
tasmAt srAvyaM nishAyAM tu dhruvama~jjanamiShyate|18|
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
The eye is the element of ''[[agni]]''. So, it is susceptible to vitiated ''[[kapha]]''. Therefore, measures that pacify ''[[kapha]]'' are beneficial for keeping the vision clear. Strong collyrium shall not be applied to the eyes during daytime as the eyes already weakened by drainage will get impaired further on exposure to sunshine. Therefore, the collyrium meant for cleansing drainage is indicated exclusively at night. [16-17]
 
The eye is the element of ''[[agni]]''. So, it is susceptible to vitiated ''[[kapha]]''. Therefore, measures that pacify ''[[kapha]]'' are beneficial for keeping the vision clear. Strong collyrium shall not be applied to the eyes during daytime as the eyes already weakened by drainage will get impaired further on exposure to sunshine. Therefore, the collyrium meant for cleansing drainage is indicated exclusively at night. [16-17]
 
</div>
 
</div>
   −
===== Importance and benefits of collyrium application =====
+
==== Importance and benefits of collyrium application ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
यथा हि कनकादीनां मलिनां  विविधात्मनाम्||१८||  
 
यथा हि कनकादीनां मलिनां  विविधात्मनाम्||१८||  
Line 264: Line 332:     
दृष्टिर्निराकुला भाति निर्मले नभसीन्दुवत्|२०|  
 
दृष्टिर्निराकुला भाति निर्मले नभसीन्दुवत्|२०|  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Pathā hi kanakādīnāṁ malināṁ  vividhātmanām||18||  
 
Pathā hi kanakādīnāṁ malināṁ  vividhātmanām||18||  
Line 272: Line 341:  
dr̥ṣṭirnirākulā bhāti nirmalē nabhasīnduvat|20|  
 
dr̥ṣṭirnirākulā bhāti nirmalē nabhasīnduvat|20|  
   −
yathA hi kanakAdInAM malinAM<ref> Caraka Samhita pp.129 </ref> vividhAtmanAm||18||  
+
yathA hi kanakAdInAM malinAMvividhAtmanAm||18||  
    
dhautAnAM nirmalA shuddhistailacelakacAdibhiH|  
 
dhautAnAM nirmalA shuddhistailacelakacAdibhiH|  
Line 278: Line 347:     
dRuShTirnirAkulA bhAti nirmale nabhasInduvat|20|  
 
dRuShTirnirAkulA bhAti nirmale nabhasInduvat|20|  
 +
</div></div>
   −
Just as various kinds of tarnished gold-ornaments get cleansed by washing with oil, cloth and hairs.s also, by the use of salves, aspersions in the eyes, the vision of a person shines brightly like moon in the clear sky. [18-19]
+
Just as various kinds of tarnished gold-ornaments get cleansed by washing with oil, cloth and hair also, by the use of salves, aspersions in the eyes, the vision of a person shines brightly like moon in the clear sky. [18-19]
   −
==== [[Dhumapana]] (Inhalation of smoke/vapours), its types, directions of use and indications ====
+
=== [[Dhumapana]] (Inhalation of smoke/vapors), its types, directions of use and indications ===
   −
===== 1. ''Prayogika [[dhumapana]]'' (therapeutic inhalation for prevention of disease) =====
+
==== 1. ''Prayogika [[dhumapana]]'' (therapeutic inhalation for prevention of disease) ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
हरेणुकां प्रियङ्गुं च पृथ्वीकां केशरं नखम्||२०|
 
हरेणुकां प्रियङ्गुं च पृथ्वीकां केशरं नखम्||२०|
Line 300: Line 371:     
स्नेहाक्तामग्निसम्प्लुष्टां पिबेत् प्रायोगिकीं सुखाम्|२५|
 
स्नेहाक्तामग्निसम्प्लुष्टां पिबेत् प्रायोगिकीं सुखाम्|२५|
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Harēṇukāṁ priyaṅguṁ ca pr̥thvīkāṁ kēśaraṁ nakham||20||  
 
Harēṇukāṁ priyaṅguṁ ca pr̥thvīkāṁ kēśaraṁ nakham||20||  
Line 332: Line 404:     
snehAktAmagnisampluShTAM pibet prAyogikIM sukhAm|25|  
 
snehAktAmagnisampluShTAM pibet prAyogikIM sukhAm|25|  
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
Harenuka (Pisum sativum L. ), priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl ),prithvika ( Amomum subulatum Roxb.), kesara(Crocus Sativus L.),nakha( Ipomoea Pes-tigridis L.), hribera (Plectranthus vettiveroides(Jacob)),chandana ( Santaum albus L.),patra (Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham)),tvak (Cinnamomum verum J.Presl),ela (Ellatoria cardamomum(L.) Maton), ushira (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty),padmaka (Prunus cerasoides Buch.-Ham.),dhyamaka  (Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng.), madhuka ( Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), mansi ( Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don.) DC.),guggulu (Commiphora mukul(Hook.ex Stocks), aguru( Aquilaria malaccensis Lam.), sharkara( Dodecacarbon monodecahydrate ), good bark of nyagrodha(Ficus benghalensis L.), ashvattha (Ficus religiosa L.),plaksha (Ficus virens Aiton),lodhra (Symplocos racemose Roxb.),vanya (Boswellia serrata Roxb.ex Colebr), sarjarasa (Vateria indica L.),musta (Cyperus rotundus L.),shaileya (Parmotrema perlatum (Huds.)M.Choisy ),kamala (Mallotus philippensis (Lam.)),utpala(Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f.),sriveshtaka (Pinus roxburghii Sarg.),shallaki (Boswellia serrata Roxb.ex Colebr),Sukabarha – all these
 
Harenuka (Pisum sativum L. ), priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl ),prithvika ( Amomum subulatum Roxb.), kesara(Crocus Sativus L.),nakha( Ipomoea Pes-tigridis L.), hribera (Plectranthus vettiveroides(Jacob)),chandana ( Santaum albus L.),patra (Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham)),tvak (Cinnamomum verum J.Presl),ela (Ellatoria cardamomum(L.) Maton), ushira (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty),padmaka (Prunus cerasoides Buch.-Ham.),dhyamaka  (Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng.), madhuka ( Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), mansi ( Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don.) DC.),guggulu (Commiphora mukul(Hook.ex Stocks), aguru( Aquilaria malaccensis Lam.), sharkara( Dodecacarbon monodecahydrate ), good bark of nyagrodha(Ficus benghalensis L.), ashvattha (Ficus religiosa L.),plaksha (Ficus virens Aiton),lodhra (Symplocos racemose Roxb.),vanya (Boswellia serrata Roxb.ex Colebr), sarjarasa (Vateria indica L.),musta (Cyperus rotundus L.),shaileya (Parmotrema perlatum (Huds.)M.Choisy ),kamala (Mallotus philippensis (Lam.)),utpala(Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f.),sriveshtaka (Pinus roxburghii Sarg.),shallaki (Boswellia serrata Roxb.ex Colebr),Sukabarha – all these
Line 337: Line 411:  
</div>
 
</div>
   −
===== 2. Snaihika dhumapana (inhalation of smoke with unctuous substances for reducing dryness) =====
+
==== 2. Snaihika dhumapana (inhalation of smoke with unctuous substances for reducing dryness) ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
वसाघृतमधूच्छिष्टैर्युक्तियुक्तैर्वरौषधैः||२५||  
 
वसाघृतमधूच्छिष्टैर्युक्तियुक्तैर्वरौषधैः||२५||  
    
वर्तिं मधुरकैः कृत्वा स्नैहिकीं धूममाचरेत्|२६|  
 
वर्तिं मधुरकैः कृत्वा स्नैहिकीं धूममाचरेत्|२६|  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Vasāghr̥tamadhūcchiṣṭairyuktiyuktairvarauṣadhaiḥ||25||  
 
Vasāghr̥tamadhūcchiṣṭairyuktiyuktairvarauṣadhaiḥ||25||  
Line 350: Line 426:     
vartiM madhurakaiH kRutvA snaihikIM dhUmamAcaret|26|
 
vartiM madhurakaiH kRutvA snaihikIM dhUmamAcaret|26|
 +
</div></div>
    
One should use a herbal cigar, prepared from animal fat, ghee and bee wax and should combine skillfully with the best of drugs belonging to the category of sweet taste, for unctuous smoke. [25-26]
 
One should use a herbal cigar, prepared from animal fat, ghee and bee wax and should combine skillfully with the best of drugs belonging to the category of sweet taste, for unctuous smoke. [25-26]
   −
===== 3. Vairechanika dhumapana (inhalation of smoke with purgative substances for cleansing) =====
+
==== 3. Vairechanika dhumapana (inhalation of smoke with purgative substances for cleansing) ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
श्वेता ज्योतिष्मती चैव हरितालं मनःशिला||२६||  
 
श्वेता ज्योतिष्मती चैव हरितालं मनःशिला||२६||  
    
गन्धाश्चागुरुपत्राद्या धूमं मूर्धविरेचने  |२७|  
 
गन्धाश्चागुरुपत्राद्या धूमं मूर्धविरेचने  |२७|  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Śvētā jyōtiṣmatī caiva haritālaṁ manaḥśilā||26||  
 
Śvētā jyōtiṣmatī caiva haritālaṁ manaḥśilā||26||  
Line 366: Line 445:     
gandhAshcAgurupatrAdyA dhUmaM mUrdhavirecane  |27|
 
gandhAshcAgurupatrAdyA dhUmaM mUrdhavirecane  |27|
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
One should smoke a cigar made of Shweta (Clitoria ternatea Linn.-white mussel shell creeper), Jyotishmati (Celastrus
+
One should smoke a cigar made of Shweta (Clitoria ternatea Linn.-white mussel shell creeper), Jyotishmati (Celastrus paniculatus Willd-staff plant), Haritala (orpiment-yellow arsenic), Manashila (realger) and other aromatic ones like Aguru (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.), Patra (Cinnamomum tamala Ness & Eberum.-cinnamom-leaf) etc. for elimination of [[dosha]] from head region.[26-27]
paniculatus Willd-staff plant), Haritala (orpiment-yellow arsenic), Manashila (realger) and other aromatic ones like Aguru (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.), Patra (Cinnamomum tamala Ness & Eberum.-cinnamom-leaf) etc. for elimination of [[dosha]] from head region.[26-27]
   
</div>
 
</div>
   −
===== Indications of [[Dhumapana]] =====
+
==== Indications of [[dhumapana]] ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
गौरवं शिरसः शूलं पीनसार्धावभेदकौ||२७||  
 
गौरवं शिरसः शूलं पीनसार्धावभेदकौ||२७||  
Line 391: Line 472:     
धूमवक्त्रकपानस्य व्याधयः स्युः शिरोगताः|३३|  
 
धूमवक्त्रकपानस्य व्याधयः स्युः शिरोगताः|३३|  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Gauravaṁ śirasaḥ śūlaṁ pīnasārdhāvabhēdakau||27||  
 
Gauravaṁ śirasaḥ śūlaṁ pīnasārdhāvabhēdakau||27||  
Line 409: Line 491:     
dhūmavaktrakapānasya  vyādhayaḥ syuḥ śirōgatāḥ|33|
 
dhūmavaktrakapānasya  vyādhayaḥ syuḥ śirōgatāḥ|33|
      
gauravaM shirasaH shUlaM pInasArdhAvabhedakau||27||  
 
gauravaM shirasaH shUlaM pInasArdhAvabhedakau||27||  
Line 429: Line 510:     
dhUmavaktrakapAnasya [4] vyAdhayaH syuH shirogatAH|33|  
 
dhUmavaktrakapAnasya [4] vyAdhayaH syuH shirogatAH|33|  
 +
</div></div>
    
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
It is indicated in complaints of heaviness in the head, headache, rhinitis, migraine, ear-ache, pain in eyes, cough, hiccup, dyspnoea, obstruction of the throat, weakness of the teeth, discharge from the ear, nose and eyes due to morbid condition, nasal fetor, halitosis, odontalgia, anorexia, lock-jaw, torticolis, pruritis, worms, pallor of the face, mucoid discharge from the mouth, impaired voice, ''galashundi'' (uvulitis), ''upajihvika'' (ranula), alopecia, graying of hair, and falling of hair.  
+
It is indicated in complaints of heaviness in the head, headache, rhinitis, migraine, ear-ache, pain in eyes, cough, hiccup, dyspnea, obstruction of the throat, weakness of the teeth, discharge from the ear, nose and eyes due to morbid condition, nasal fetor, halitosis, odontalgia, anorexia, lock-jaw, torticollis, pruritis, worms, pallor of the face, mucoid discharge from the mouth, impaired voice, ''galashundi'' (uvulitis), ''upajihvika'' (ranula), alopecia, graying of hair, and falling of hair.  
Medicated smoke inhalation alleviates sternutation, excessive drowsiness, loss of consciousness and hypersomnia. It augments the strength of the scalp hair roots, the senses and voice. Moreover, those who resort to smoke inhalation by oral route are not afflicted by [[vata]] and [[kapha]] [[dosha]] affecting the upper part of the body or head, howsoever strong the disease may be.[27-33]
+
Medicated smoke inhalation alleviates sneezing, excessive drowsiness, loss of consciousness and hypersomnia. It augments the strength of the scalp hair roots, the senses and voice. Moreover, those who resort to smoke inhalation by oral route are not afflicted by [[vata]] and [[kapha]] [[dosha]] affecting the upper part of the body or head, howsoever strong the disease may be.[27-33]
 
</div>
 
</div>
   −
===== Proper times of administration of [[Dhumapana]] and=====
+
==== Proper times of administration of [[dhumapana]] ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
प्रयोगपाने तस्याष्टौ कालाः सम्परिकीर्तिताः||३३||  
 
प्रयोगपाने तस्याष्टौ कालाः सम्परिकीर्तिताः||३३||  
Line 448: Line 531:  
परं द्विकाल पायी स्यादह्नः कालेषु बुद्धिमान्||३६||   
 
परं द्विकाल पायी स्यादह्नः कालेषु बुद्धिमान्||३६||   
 
प्रयोगे, स्नैहिके त्वेकं, वैरेच्यं त्रिचतुः पिबेत्|  
 
प्रयोगे, स्नैहिके त्वेकं, वैरेच्यं त्रिचतुः पिबेत्|  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Prayōgapānē tasyāṣṭau kālāḥ samparikīrtitāḥ||33||  
 
Prayōgapānē tasyāṣṭau kālāḥ samparikīrtitāḥ||33||  
Line 474: Line 558:  
paraM dvikAlapAyI syAdahnaH kAleShu buddhimAn||36||  
 
paraM dvikAlapAyI syAdahnaH kAleShu buddhimAn||36||  
 
prayoge, snaihike tvekaM, vairecyaM tricatuH pibet|  
 
prayoge, snaihike tvekaM, vairecyaM tricatuH pibet|  
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
Considering the time of aggravation of [[Vata]] and [[Kapha]] [[dosha]] in body, eight specific times of administration of medicated smoke have been prescribed for daily use.The self controlled man should resort to inhalation of smoke after taking bath, after scraping the tongue, after sneezing, after brushing the teeth, after [[nasya]], after the use of eye-salve/collyrium and at the end of sleep. Thereby, [[vata]] and [[kapha]] borne diseases affecting the body parts above the clavicle do not afflict him.  
+
Considering the time of aggravation of [[Vata]] and [[Kapha]] [[dosha]] in body, eight specific times of administration of medicated smoke have been prescribed for daily use. The self controlled man should resort to inhalation of smoke after taking bath, after scraping the tongue, after sneezing, after brushing the teeth, after [[nasya]], after the use of eye-salve/collyrium and at the end of sleep. Thereby, [[vata]] and [[kapha]] borne diseases affecting the body parts above the clavicle do not afflict him.  
In these conditions, inhalation should be done thrice, in three puffs each time. A wise man should practice habitual smoking twice a day only, the unctuous smoking once a day and the purgative smoking thrice or four times a day. [33-36]
+
In these conditions, inhalation should be done thrice, in three puffs each time. A wise man should practice habitual smoking twice a day only, the unctuous smoking once a day and the purgative smoking three or four times a day. [33-36]
 
</div>
 
</div>
   −
===== Signs of proper [[dhumapana]] =====
+
==== Signs of proper [[dhumapana]] ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
हृत्कण्ठेन्द्रियसंशुद्धिर्लघुत्वं शिरसः शमः||३७||  
 
हृत्कण्ठेन्द्रियसंशुद्धिर्लघुत्वं शिरसः शमः||३७||  
    
यथेरितानां दोषाणां सम्यक्पीतस्य लक्षणम्|३८|  
 
यथेरितानां दोषाणां सम्यक्पीतस्य लक्षणम्|३८|  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
hr̥tkaṇṭhēndriyasaṁśuddhirlaghutvaṁ śirasaḥ śamaḥ||37||  
 
hr̥tkaṇṭhēndriyasaṁśuddhirlaghutvaṁ śirasaḥ śamaḥ||37||  
Line 492: Line 580:     
yatheritAnAM doShANAM samyakpItasya lakShaNam|38|  
 
yatheritAnAM doShANAM samyakpItasya lakShaNam|38|  
 +
</div></div>
   −
Feeling of well-being and clarity in ''hridaya'' (cardiac region), throat and senses, lightness of the head and pacification of the vitiated [[dosha]] are the signs of proper [[dhumapana]]. [36-38]
+
Feeling of well-being and clarity in [[hridaya]] (cardiac region), throat and senses, lightness of the head and pacification of the vitiated [[dosha]] are the signs of proper [[dhumapana]]. [36-38]
   −
===== Complications due to excess [[dhumapana]] and their management =====
+
==== Complications due to excess [[dhumapana]] and their management ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
बाधिर्यमान्ध्यमूकत्वं रक्तपित्तं शिरोभ्रमम्||३८||
 
बाधिर्यमान्ध्यमूकत्वं रक्तपित्तं शिरोभ्रमम्||३८||
Line 504: Line 594:  
स्नैहिकं धूमजे दोषे वायुः पित्तानुगो यदि|  
 
स्नैहिकं धूमजे दोषे वायुः पित्तानुगो यदि|  
 
शीतं तु रक्तपित्ते स्याच्छ्लेष्मपित्ते विरूक्षणम्||४०||
 
शीतं तु रक्तपित्ते स्याच्छ्लेष्मपित्ते विरूक्षणम्||४०||
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Bādhiryamāndhyamūkatvaṁ raktapittaṁ śirōbhramam||38||  
 
Bādhiryamāndhyamūkatvaṁ raktapittaṁ śirōbhramam||38||  
Line 520: Line 611:  
snaihikaM dhUmaje doShe vAyuH pittAnugo yadi|  
 
snaihikaM dhUmaje doShe vAyuH pittAnugo yadi|  
 
shItaM tu raktapitte syAcchleShmapitte virUkShaNam||40||
 
shItaM tu raktapitte syAcchleShmapitte virUkShaNam||40||
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
Untimely or excessive smoking causes complications like deafness, blindness, dumbness, [[raktapitta]] (hemorrhagic disorder – bleeding from nose), and giddiness. In such conditions intake of [[ghee]] is desirable.  
 
Untimely or excessive smoking causes complications like deafness, blindness, dumbness, [[raktapitta]] (hemorrhagic disorder – bleeding from nose), and giddiness. In such conditions intake of [[ghee]] is desirable.  
Line 526: Line 619:  
</div>
 
</div>
   −
===== Contraindications of [[dhumapana]] =====
+
==== Contraindications of [[dhumapana]] ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
परं त्वतः प्रवक्ष्यामि धूमो येषां विगर्हितः|  
 
परं त्वतः प्रवक्ष्यामि धूमो येषां विगर्हितः|  
Line 544: Line 638:     
रोगास्तस्य प्रवर्धन्ते दारुणा धूमविभ्रमात्|४६|  
 
रोगास्तस्य प्रवर्धन्ते दारुणा धूमविभ्रमात्|४६|  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Paraṁ tvataḥ pravakṣyāmi dhūmō yēṣāṁ vigarhitaḥ|  
 
Paraṁ tvataḥ pravakṣyāmi dhūmō yēṣāṁ vigarhitaḥ|  
Line 578: Line 673:     
rogAstasya pravardhante dAruNA dhUmavibhramAt|46|  
 
rogAstasya pravardhante dAruNA dhUmavibhramAt|46|  
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
Now I will explain the persons in whom smoking is contra-indicated: One who has followed [[virechana]] (therapeutic purgation), [[basti]] (therapeutic enema), a person who has disorders of [[rakta]], who is afflicted with poison, one who is in grief, during pregnancy, one who is fatigued, one who is intoxicated, one suffering from disorders of [[ama]] or [[pitta]], one who has had a sleepless night, one suffering from fainting, giddiness, thirst, emaciation or trauma, one who has just taken wine, milk, unctuous beverage or honey, one who has taken food along with curd, one who is afflicted with dryness, anger, dryness of the palate, [[timira]], head-injury, [[shankhaka]], [[rohini]], [[meha]](obstinate urinary disorders) or alcoholism. If a person, out of ignorance, smokes in these instances or in an untimely condition, his disorders will aggravate dreadfully due to complications of [[dhumapana]]. [41-46]
 
Now I will explain the persons in whom smoking is contra-indicated: One who has followed [[virechana]] (therapeutic purgation), [[basti]] (therapeutic enema), a person who has disorders of [[rakta]], who is afflicted with poison, one who is in grief, during pregnancy, one who is fatigued, one who is intoxicated, one suffering from disorders of [[ama]] or [[pitta]], one who has had a sleepless night, one suffering from fainting, giddiness, thirst, emaciation or trauma, one who has just taken wine, milk, unctuous beverage or honey, one who has taken food along with curd, one who is afflicted with dryness, anger, dryness of the palate, [[timira]], head-injury, [[shankhaka]], [[rohini]], [[meha]](obstinate urinary disorders) or alcoholism. If a person, out of ignorance, smokes in these instances or in an untimely condition, his disorders will aggravate dreadfully due to complications of [[dhumapana]]. [41-46]
 
</div>
 
</div>
   −
===== Method of [[dhumapana]] (smoke inhalation) =====
+
==== Method of [[dhumapana]] (smoke inhalation) ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
धूमयोग्यः पिबेद्दोषे शिरोघ्राणाक्षिसंश्रये||४६||  
 
धूमयोग्यः पिबेद्दोषे शिरोघ्राणाक्षिसंश्रये||४६||  
Line 594: Line 692:     
पिबेच्छिद्रं पिधायैकं नासया धूममात्मवान्|४९|  
 
पिबेच्छिद्रं पिधायैकं नासया धूममात्मवान्|४९|  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Dhūmayōgyaḥ pibēddōṣē śirōghrāṇākṣisaṁśrayē||46||  
 
Dhūmayōgyaḥ pibēddōṣē śirōghrāṇākṣisaṁśrayē||46||  
Line 616: Line 715:     
pibecchidraM pidhAyaikaM nAsayA dhUmamAtmavAn|49|  
 
pibecchidraM pidhAyaikaM nAsayA dhUmamAtmavAn|49|  
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
The person eligible for [[dhumapana]] should inhale the smoke through nose in case of diseases of the head, nose and eye. [[Dhumapana]] is advised through mouth in case of diseases of throat. The person who has inhaled smoke through the nose shall exhale it by the mouth, but should not exhale it through nose, because the smoke traversing in the reverse direction injures the eyes quickly.
 
The person eligible for [[dhumapana]] should inhale the smoke through nose in case of diseases of the head, nose and eye. [[Dhumapana]] is advised through mouth in case of diseases of throat. The person who has inhaled smoke through the nose shall exhale it by the mouth, but should not exhale it through nose, because the smoke traversing in the reverse direction injures the eyes quickly.
Line 621: Line 722:  
</div>
 
</div>
   −
===== Dhuma netra (nozzle of smoking pipe) =====
+
==== Dhuma netra (nozzle of smoking pipe) ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
चतुर्विंशतिकं नेत्रं स्वाङ्गुलीभिर्विरेचने||४९||  
 
चतुर्विंशतिकं नेत्रं स्वाङ्गुलीभिर्विरेचने||४९||  
Line 629: Line 731:     
बस्तिनेत्रसमद्रव्यं धूमनेत्रं प्रशस्यते|५१|
 
बस्तिनेत्रसमद्रव्यं धूमनेत्रं प्रशस्यते|५१|
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Caturviṁśatikaṁ nētraṁ svāṅgulībhirvirēcanē||49||  
 
Caturviṁśatikaṁ nētraṁ svāṅgulībhirvirēcanē||49||  
Line 643: Line 746:     
bastinetrasamadravyaM dhUmanetraM prashasyate|51|
 
bastinetrasamadravyaM dhUmanetraM prashasyate|51|
 +
</div></div>
    
For the smoke inhalation for errhine purpose, the smoking pipe should be of the length twenty-four fingers breadth, measuring with one’s own finger;  
 
For the smoke inhalation for errhine purpose, the smoking pipe should be of the length twenty-four fingers breadth, measuring with one’s own finger;  
Line 649: Line 753:     
The smoking pipe recommended the most is a straight one having three knots/bulges, having the proximal caliber of the size of a ziziphus-stone and is made of the same materials as those of the [[basti]] nozzle. [49-51]
 
The smoking pipe recommended the most is a straight one having three knots/bulges, having the proximal caliber of the size of a ziziphus-stone and is made of the same materials as those of the [[basti]] nozzle. [49-51]
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
दूराद्विनिर्गतः पर्वच्छिन्नो नाडीतनूकृतः||५१||  
 
दूराद्विनिर्गतः पर्वच्छिन्नो नाडीतनूकृतः||५१||  
    
नेन्द्रियं बाधते धूमो मात्राकालनिषेवितः|५२|
 
नेन्द्रियं बाधते धूमो मात्राकालनिषेवितः|५२|
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Dūrādvinirgataḥ parvacchinnō nāḍītanūkr̥taḥ||51||  
 
Dūrādvinirgataḥ parvacchinnō nāḍītanūkr̥taḥ||51||  
Line 661: Line 767:     
nendriyaM bAdhate dhUmo mAtrAkAlaniShevitaH|52|  
 
nendriyaM bAdhate dhUmo mAtrAkAlaniShevitaH|52|  
 +
</div></div>
    
The smoke which comes from a distance, intercepted by the knots/bulges and attenuated by passing through the tapering pipe, taken with due consideration of dose and time does not impair the senses. [51-52]
 
The smoke which comes from a distance, intercepted by the knots/bulges and attenuated by passing through the tapering pipe, taken with due consideration of dose and time does not impair the senses. [51-52]
   −
===== Effects of less, proper & excess [[Dhumapana]] (smoke inhalation) =====
+
==== Effects of less, proper & excess [[dhumapana]] (smoke inhalation) ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
यदा चोरश्च कण्ठश्च शिरश्च लघुतां व्रजेत्||५२||  
 
यदा चोरश्च कण्ठश्च शिरश्च लघुतां व्रजेत्||५२||  
Line 676: Line 784:  
शिरश्च भ्रमतेऽत्यर्थं मूर्च्छा चास्योपजायते||५५||  
 
शिरश्च भ्रमतेऽत्यर्थं मूर्च्छा चास्योपजायते||५५||  
 
इन्द्रियाण्युपतप्यन्ते धूमेऽत्यर्थं निषेविते|५६|  
 
इन्द्रियाण्युपतप्यन्ते धूमेऽत्यर्थं निषेविते|५६|  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Yadā cōraśca kaṇṭhaśca śiraśca laghutāṁ vrajēt||52||  
 
Yadā cōraśca kaṇṭhaśca śiraśca laghutāṁ vrajēt||52||  
Line 695: Line 804:  
stimito mastakashcaivamapItaM dhUmamAdishet|  
 
stimito mastakashcaivamapItaM dhUmamAdishet|  
 
tAlu mUrdhA ca kaNThashca shuShyate paritapyate||54||  
 
tAlu mUrdhA ca kaNThashca shuShyate paritapyate||54||  
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
When the chest, throat and head feel light and the [[kapha]] is liquefied, it is said to be a correct smoking.
 
When the chest, throat and head feel light and the [[kapha]] is liquefied, it is said to be a correct smoking.
Line 701: Line 812:  
</div>
 
</div>
   −
==== [[Nasya]] therapy (nasal errhines), indications and benefits ====
+
=== [[Nasya]] therapy (nasal errhines), indications and benefits ===
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
वर्षे  वर्षेऽणुतैलं च कालेषु त्रिषु ना चरेत्||५६||  
 
वर्षे  वर्षेऽणुतैलं च कालेषु त्रिषु ना चरेत्||५६||  
Line 724: Line 836:     
जीर्यतश्चोत्तमाङ्गेषु  जरा न लभते बलम्|६३|  
 
जीर्यतश्चोत्तमाङ्गेषु  जरा न लभते बलम्|६३|  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Varṣē  varṣē'ṇutailaṁ ca kālēṣu triṣu nā carēt||56||  
 
Varṣē  varṣē'ṇutailaṁ ca kālēṣu triṣu nā carēt||56||  
Line 773: Line 886:     
jIryatashcottamA~ggeShu  jarA na labhate balam|63|
 
jIryatashcottamA~ggeShu  jarA na labhate balam|63|
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
    
One should take a course of [[anu taila]] every year, during three seasons, of the pre-rainy season, the autumn and the spring, when the sky is free from clouds.  
 
One should take a course of [[anu taila]] every year, during three seasons, of the pre-rainy season, the autumn and the spring, when the sky is free from clouds.  
One, who practices [[nasya]], per the prescribed method, at the proper time, will keep his sight, smell and hearing unimpaired. His hair and beard will never become white or grey; his hair will not fall off, rather will grow in abundance. Torticolis, head-ache, facial paralysis, lock-jaw, rhinitis, hemicranias and tremors of the head will be alleviated thereby. The [[nasya]] will nourish the blood vessels, joints, ligaments and tendons of cranium, giving them greater strength.  The face will become cheerful and plump, the voice will become mellow, firm and stentorian, and all the senses will become clearer and strengthened considerably. Diseases related to head and neck would not attack him all of a sudden even though he might be aging. The effects of senility would not affect the head. [56-63]
+
One, who practices [[nasya]], per the prescribed method, at the proper time, will keep his sight, smell and hearing unimpaired. His hair and beard will never become white or grey; his hair will not fall off, rather will grow in abundance. Torticollis, head-ache, facial paralysis, lock-jaw, rhinitis, hemicrania and tremors of the head will be alleviated thereby. The [[nasya]] will nourish the blood vessels, joints, ligaments and tendons of cranium, giving them greater strength.  The face will become cheerful and plump, the voice will become mellow, firm and stentorian, and all the senses will become clearer and strengthened considerably. Diseases related to head and neck would not attack him all of a sudden even though he might be aging. The effects of senility would not affect the head. [56-63]
 
</div>
 
</div>
   −
===== Anu taila (Preparation of Anu oil), its dose and method of administration =====
+
==== Anu taila (Preparation of Anu oil), its dose and method of administration ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
चन्दनागुरुणी पत्रं दार्वीत्वङ्मधुकं बलाम्||६३||  
 
चन्दनागुरुणी पत्रं दार्वीत्वङ्मधुकं बलाम्||६३||  
Line 805: Line 921:     
प्रयुञ्जानो यथाकालं यथोक्तानश्नुते गुणान्|७१|
 
प्रयुञ्जानो यथाकालं यथोक्तानश्नुते गुणान्|७१|
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Candanāguruṇī patraṁ dārvītvaṅmadhukaṁ balām||63||  
 
Candanāguruṇī patraṁ dārvītvaṅmadhukaṁ balām||63||  
Line 855: Line 972:     
prayu~jjAno yathAkAlaM yathoktAnashnute guNAn|71|  
 
prayu~jjAno yathAkAlaM yathoktAnashnute guNAn|71|  
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
   Line 868: Line 987:  
</div>
 
</div>
   −
==== Oral hygiene: Method of cleaning teeth, tongue and directions for tooth brush use ====
+
=== Oral hygiene: Method of cleaning teeth, tongue and directions for tooth brush use ===
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
आपोथिताग्रं द्वौ कालौ कषायकटुतिक्तकम्||७१||  
 
आपोथिताग्रं द्वौ कालौ कषायकटुतिक्तकम्||७१||  
Line 885: Line 1,005:     
दौर्गन्ध्यं भजते तेन तस्माज्जिह्वां विनिर्लिखेत्|७६|
 
दौर्गन्ध्यं भजते तेन तस्माज्जिह्वां विनिर्लिखेत्|७६|
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Āpōthitāgraṁ dvau kālau kaṣāyakaṭutiktakam||71||  
 
Āpōthitāgraṁ dvau kālau kaṣāyakaṭutiktakam||71||  
Line 917: Line 1,038:     
daurgandhyaM bhajate tena tasmAjjihvAM vinirlikhet|76|  
 
daurgandhyaM bhajate tena tasmAjjihvAM vinirlikhet|76|  
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
One should clean the teeth with a green twig having a crushed end and of astringent, pungent or bitter taste, twice a day without injuring the gums. This removes halitosis, dysgeusia, induces taste for food by removing the impurities from the tongue, the mouth and the teeth, and cleans the teeth instantaneously. Karanja (Pongamia pinnata Pierre-Indian beech), karavira (Nerium indicum Mill-Indian oleander), arka (Calotropis gigantean Linn -madar), malati (Aganosma dichotoma Roth-Arabian jasmine), arjuna (Terminalia arjuna Roxb), asana (Terminalia tomentosa W&A-spinout kini-tree) and such other trees are recommended for use in teeth-cleansing.  
+
One should clean the teeth with a green twig having a crushed end and of astringent, pungent or bitter taste, twice a day without injuring the gums. This removes halitosis, dysgeusia, induces taste for food by removing the impurities from the tongue, the mouth and the teeth, and cleans the teeth instantaneously. Karanja (Pongamia pinnata Pierre-Indian beech), karavira (Nerium indicum Mill-Indian oleander), arka (Calotropis gigantean Linn -madar), malati (Aganosma dichotoma Roth-Arabian jasmine), arjuna (Terminalia arjuna Roxb), asana (Terminalia tomentosa W&A-spinout kini-tree) and such other trees are recommended for use in teeth-cleansing. Currently, for dental hygiene tooth brush, flossing and dental brushing is being used effectively.  
    
The tongue-scraper should be curved without a sharp edge and be made of gold, silver, copper, tin or brass. The impurities, deposited at the root of the tongue obstruct inhalation, causing halitosis. The tongue, therefore, should be scraped properly. [71-76]
 
The tongue-scraper should be curved without a sharp edge and be made of gold, silver, copper, tin or brass. The impurities, deposited at the root of the tongue obstruct inhalation, causing halitosis. The tongue, therefore, should be scraped properly. [71-76]
 
</div>
 
</div>
   −
===== Mouth fresheners =====
+
==== Mouth fresheners ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
धार्याण्यास्येन वैशद्यरुचिसौगन्ध्यमिच्छता||७६||  
 
धार्याण्यास्येन वैशद्यरुचिसौगन्ध्यमिच्छता||७६||  
Line 930: Line 1,054:  
कक्कोलस्य फलं पत्रं ताम्बूलस्य शुभं तथा|  
 
कक्कोलस्य फलं पत्रं ताम्बूलस्य शुभं तथा|  
 
तथा कर्पूरनिर्यासः सूक्ष्मैलायाः फलानि च||७७||  
 
तथा कर्पूरनिर्यासः सूक्ष्मैलायाः फलानि च||७७||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Dhāryāṇyāsyēna vaiśadyarucisaugandhyamicchatā||76||  
 
Dhāryāṇyāsyēna vaiśadyarucisaugandhyamicchatā||76||  
Line 942: Line 1,067:  
kakkolasya phalaM patraM tAmbUlasya shubhaM tathA|  
 
kakkolasya phalaM patraM tAmbUlasya shubhaM tathA|  
 
tathA karpUraniryAsaH sUkShmailAyAH phalAni ca||77||
 
tathA karpUraniryAsaH sUkShmailAyAH phalAni ca||77||
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
One, desirous of securing cleanliness, taste and fragrance should keep  jati (Myristica fragrans Hoult.-nutmeg), katuka (Hibiscuss abelmoschus Linn.-musk-mellow), puga (Areca catechu Linn.-betel-nut), lavanga (Syzygium aromaticum Merrill & Perry-cloves), kankola (Piper cubeba Linn.-cubeb-pepper seed), tambula (betel-leaves), karpura (Cinnamomum camphora Nees & Eberm.-camphor), and sukshma ela (small cardamom) in the mouth. [76-77]
 
One, desirous of securing cleanliness, taste and fragrance should keep  jati (Myristica fragrans Hoult.-nutmeg), katuka (Hibiscuss abelmoschus Linn.-musk-mellow), puga (Areca catechu Linn.-betel-nut), lavanga (Syzygium aromaticum Merrill & Perry-cloves), kankola (Piper cubeba Linn.-cubeb-pepper seed), tambula (betel-leaves), karpura (Cinnamomum camphora Nees & Eberm.-camphor), and sukshma ela (small cardamom) in the mouth. [76-77]
 
</div>
 
</div>
   −
===== Directions of [[Gandusha]] (Oil gargling) and its benefits =====
+
==== Directions of [[Gandusha]] (Oil gargling) and its benefits ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
हन्वोर्बलं स्वरबलं वदनोपचयः परः|  
 
हन्वोर्बलं स्वरबलं वदनोपचयः परः|  
Line 956: Line 1,084:  
न शूल्यन्ते न चाम्लेन हृष्यन्ते भक्षयन्ति च|  
 
न शूल्यन्ते न चाम्लेन हृष्यन्ते भक्षयन्ति च|  
 
परानपि खरान् भक्ष्यांस्तैलगण्डूषधारणात्||८०||  
 
परानपि खरान् भक्ष्यांस्तैलगण्डूषधारणात्||८०||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Hanvōrbalaṁ svarabalaṁ vadanōpacayaḥ paraḥ|  
 
Hanvōrbalaṁ svarabalaṁ vadanōpacayaḥ paraḥ|  
Line 974: Line 1,103:  
na shUlyante na cAmlena hRuShyante bhakShayanti ca|  
 
na shUlyante na cAmlena hRuShyante bhakShayanti ca|  
 
parAnapi kharAn bhakShyAMstailagaNDUShadhAraNAt||80||  
 
parAnapi kharAn bhakShyAMstailagaNDUShadhAraNAt||80||  
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
Oil-gargling imparts strength to the jaws, strength to the voice and excellent plumpness/flabbiness to the face, excellent gustatory sensation and good taste for food. One does not suffer from the dryness of the throat, or from the fear of the lips getting chafed. One’s teeth do not become carious, instead become firmly rooted and do not ache nor are they set on edge by sour intake but become strong enough to chew even the hardest eatables. [78-80]
 
Oil-gargling imparts strength to the jaws, strength to the voice and excellent plumpness/flabbiness to the face, excellent gustatory sensation and good taste for food. One does not suffer from the dryness of the throat, or from the fear of the lips getting chafed. One’s teeth do not become carious, instead become firmly rooted and do not ache nor are they set on edge by sour intake but become strong enough to chew even the hardest eatables. [78-80]
 
</div>
 
</div>
   −
==== [[Abhyanga]] (therapeutic massage) ====
+
=== [[Abhyanga]] (therapeutic massage) ===
   −
===== Directions, indications and benefits of [[abhaynga]] (head massage and body massage) =====
+
==== Directions, indications and benefits of [[abhyanga]] (head massage and body massage) ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
नित्यं स्नेहार्द्रशिरसः शिरःशूलं न जायते|  
 
नित्यं स्नेहार्द्रशिरसः शिरःशूलं न जायते|  
Line 1,008: Line 1,140:  
सुस्पर्शोपचिताङ्गश्च बलवान् प्रियदर्शनः|  
 
सुस्पर्शोपचिताङ्गश्च बलवान् प्रियदर्शनः|  
 
भवत्यभ्यङ्गनित्यत्वान्नरोऽल्पजर एव च||८९||
 
भवत्यभ्यङ्गनित्यत्वान्नरोऽल्पजर एव च||८९||
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Nityaṁ snēhārdraśirasaḥ śiraḥśūlaṁ na jāyatē|  
 
Nityaṁ snēhārdraśirasaḥ śiraḥśūlaṁ na jāyatē|  
Line 1,062: Line 1,195:  
susparshopacitA~ggashca balavAn priyadarshanaH|  
 
susparshopacitA~ggashca balavAn priyadarshanaH|  
 
bhavatyabhya~gganityatvAnnaro~alpajara eva ca||89||  
 
bhavatyabhya~gganityatvAnnaro~alpajara eva ca||89||  
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
One who has got his head daily well oleated alleviates head-ache, premature graying, and alopecia, while strengthening the cranial bones significantly. Hair roots become stronger, senses become clearer, the facial skin becomes smoother and the person gets sound sleep and happiness.
 
One who has got his head daily well oleated alleviates head-ache, premature graying, and alopecia, while strengthening the cranial bones significantly. Hair roots become stronger, senses become clearer, the facial skin becomes smoother and the person gets sound sleep and happiness.
Line 1,068: Line 1,203:     
Just as a pitcher by smearing with oil, a hide by soaking in oil or an axle by lubricating with oil become firm, so does the human body when oleated with oil. The skin becomes beautiful, [[vata]] disorders are relieved, and tolerance to hardship and physical strain is enhanced.
 
Just as a pitcher by smearing with oil, a hide by soaking in oil or an axle by lubricating with oil become firm, so does the human body when oleated with oil. The skin becomes beautiful, [[vata]] disorders are relieved, and tolerance to hardship and physical strain is enhanced.
[[vayu]] predominates in the tactile sense faculty and the tactile sense faculty resides in the skin. Massage is exceedingly beneficial to the skin. Therefore, a person should practice it regularly. A person’s body accustomed to oil massage is not liable to be afflicted with injury due to external trauma or strenuous physical exertion.  A person, by applying daily oil massage, becomes smooth and plump, strong and good looking, while slowing his ageing process. [81-89]
+
[[vayu]] predominates in the tactile sense faculty and the tactile sense faculty resides in the skin. Massage is exceedingly beneficial to the skin. Therefore, a person should practice it regularly. A person’s body accustomed to oil massage is not liable to be afflicted with injury due to external trauma or strenuous physical exertion.  A person, by applying daily oil massage, becomes smooth and plump, strong and good looking, while slowing his aging process. [81-89]
 
</div>
 
</div>
   −
===== Directions and benefits of foot massage =====
+
==== Directions and benefits of foot massage ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
खरत्वं स्तब्धता  रौक्ष्यं श्रमः सुप्तिश्च पादयोः|  
 
खरत्वं स्तब्धता  रौक्ष्यं श्रमः सुप्तिश्च पादयोः|  
Line 1,081: Line 1,217:  
न च स्याद्गृध्रसीवातः  पादयोः स्फुटनं न च|  
 
न च स्याद्गृध्रसीवातः  पादयोः स्फुटनं न च|  
 
न सिरास्नायुसङ्कोचः पादाभ्यङ्गेन पादयोः||९२||
 
न सिरास्नायुसङ्कोचः पादाभ्यङ्गेन पादयोः||९२||
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Kharatvaṁ stabdhatā  raukṣyaṁ śramaḥ suptiśca pādayōḥ|  
 
Kharatvaṁ stabdhatā  raukṣyaṁ śramaḥ suptiśca pādayōḥ|  
Line 1,099: Line 1,236:  
na ca syAdgRudhrasIvAtaH  pAdayoH sphuTanaM na ca|  
 
na ca syAdgRudhrasIvAtaH  pAdayoH sphuTanaM na ca|  
 
na sirAsnAyusa~gkocaH pAdAbhya~ggena pAdayoH||92||  
 
na sirAsnAyusa~gkocaH pAdAbhya~ggena pAdayoH||92||  
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
The roughness, stiffness, dryness, fatigue and numbness of feet are alleviated by massaging the legs.  The legs attain gentleness, strength, firmness, the eyes attain brightness, and the [[vata]] is pacified. Foot massage also prevents [[grudhrasi]](sciatica), fissures in the feet, contraction of the muscles, and blood vessels of legs. [90-92]
+
The roughness, stiffness, dryness, fatigue and numbness of feet are alleviated by massaging the legs.  The legs attain gentleness, strength, firmness, the eyes attain brightness, and the [[vata]] is pacified. Foot massage also prevents [[grudhrasi]] (sciatica), fissures in the feet, contraction of the muscles, and blood vessels of legs. [90-92]
 
</div>
 
</div>
   −
===== [[Snana]] (bath) and its benefits =====
+
=== [[Snana]] (bath) and its benefits ===
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
दौर्गन्ध्यं गौरवं तन्द्रां कण्डूं मलमरोचकम्|  
 
दौर्गन्ध्यं गौरवं तन्द्रां कण्डूं मलमरोचकम्|  
Line 1,110: Line 1,250:  
पवित्रं वृष्यमायुष्यं श्रमस्वेदमलापहम्  |  
 
पवित्रं वृष्यमायुष्यं श्रमस्वेदमलापहम्  |  
 
शरीरबलसन्धानं स्नानमोजस्करं परम्||९४||  
 
शरीरबलसन्धानं स्नानमोजस्करं परम्||९४||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Daurgandhyaṁ gauravaṁ tandrāṁ kaṇḍūṁ malamarōcakam|  
 
Daurgandhyaṁ gauravaṁ tandrāṁ kaṇḍūṁ malamarōcakam|  
Line 1,122: Line 1,263:  
pavitraM vRuShyamAyuShyaM shramasvedamalApaham  |  
 
pavitraM vRuShyamAyuShyaM shramasvedamalApaham  |  
 
sharIrabalasandhAnaM snAnamojaskaraM param||94||
 
sharIrabalasandhAnaM snAnamojaskaraM param||94||
 +
</div></div>
    
Wiping of body removes body fetor, heaviness, fatigue, itching, dirt, anorexia and loathsomeness due to sweating.
 
Wiping of body removes body fetor, heaviness, fatigue, itching, dirt, anorexia and loathsomeness due to sweating.
 
Bathing is purifying, promotive of virility and longevity, remover of fatigue, sweat and dirt, brings about physical strength and enhances [[ojas]] to the highest degree. [93-94]
 
Bathing is purifying, promotive of virility and longevity, remover of fatigue, sweat and dirt, brings about physical strength and enhances [[ojas]] to the highest degree. [93-94]
   −
==== Virtues of proper attire ====
+
=== Virtues of proper attire ===
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
काम्यं यशस्यमायुष्यमलक्ष्मीघ्नं प्रहर्षणम्|  
 
काम्यं यशस्यमायुष्यमलक्ष्मीघ्नं प्रहर्षणम्|  
Line 1,151: Line 1,294:  
स्खलतः सम्प्रतिष्ठानं शत्रूणां च निषूदनम्|  
 
स्खलतः सम्प्रतिष्ठानं शत्रूणां च निषूदनम्|  
 
अवष्टम्भनमायुष्यं भयघ्नं दण्डधारणम्||१०२||
 
अवष्टम्भनमायुष्यं भयघ्नं दण्डधारणम्||१०२||
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Kāmyaṁ yaśasyamāyuṣyamalakṣmīghnaṁ praharṣaṇam|  
 
Kāmyaṁ yaśasyamāyuṣyamalakṣmīghnaṁ praharṣaṇam|  
Line 1,199: Line 1,343:  
skhalataH sampratiShThAnaM shatrUNAM ca niShUdanam|  
 
skhalataH sampratiShThAnaM shatrUNAM ca niShUdanam|  
 
avaShTambhanamAyuShyaM bhayaghnaM daNDadhAraNam||102||  
 
avaShTambhanamAyuShyaM bhayaghnaM daNDadhAraNam||102||  
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
The wearing of clean apparel enhances charm and personality of an individual, is promotive of longevity, preventive of bad-luck/inauspiciousness, brings about pleasure, is decorative, makes competent to participate in conferences and is commendable.
+
The wearing of clean apparel enhances charm and personality of an individual, promotes longevity, prevents bad-luck/inauspiciousness, brings about pleasure, is decorative, makes competent to participate in conferences and is commendable.
The use of fragrant articles and garlands enhances virility, promotes longevity, charm, plumpness and strength, is pleasing to the mind, and averts penury.
+
The use of fragrant articles and garlands enhances virility, promotes longevity, charm, plumpness and strength, is pleasing to the mind, and averts poverty.
    
The wearing of jewel-ornaments brings prosperity, is auspicious, promotes longevity, is decorative, is dispersive of worries, is exhilarative, is attractive and is enhancing of [[ojas]].
 
The wearing of jewel-ornaments brings prosperity, is auspicious, promotes longevity, is decorative, is dispersive of worries, is exhilarative, is attractive and is enhancing of [[ojas]].
   −
The frequent ablution of feet and excretory orifices is promotive of intelligence, is purifying, promotes longevity, and dispels of misfortunes and sin.
+
The frequent ablution of feet and excretory orifices is promotive of intelligence, is purifying, promotes longevity, and dispels misfortunes and sin.
    
The trimming and grooming of body hair and nails (manicure and pedicure) is promotive of plumpness, virility, longevity, cleanliness and beauty.
 
The trimming and grooming of body hair and nails (manicure and pedicure) is promotive of plumpness, virility, longevity, cleanliness and beauty.
Line 1,211: Line 1,357:  
The donning of footwear is pleasing to the eyes, conducive to the skin of the sole, mitigative of foot-discomfort, promotive of strength, facilitative of easy gait and promotive of virility.
 
The donning of footwear is pleasing to the eyes, conducive to the skin of the sole, mitigative of foot-discomfort, promotive of strength, facilitative of easy gait and promotive of virility.
   −
The carrying of umbrella is avertive of calamities, is promotive of strength, affords protection, cover and comfort, and serves as a shield against sun, wind, dust and rain.
+
The carrying of umbrella is averts calamities, promotes strength, affords protection, cover and comfort, and serves as a shield against sun, wind, dust and rain.
 
The carrying of the staff serves as a prop against stumbling, is dispersive of enemies, serves as a support, promotes longevity, and dispels fear. [95-102]
 
The carrying of the staff serves as a prop against stumbling, is dispersive of enemies, serves as a support, promotes longevity, and dispels fear. [95-102]
 
<div>
 
<div>
   −
==== Importance of vigilance in self care ====
+
=== Importance of vigilance in self care ===
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
नगरी नगरस्येव रथस्येव रथी यथा|  
 
नगरी नगरस्येव रथस्येव रथी यथा|  
 
स्वशरीरस्य मेधावी कृत्येष्ववहितो भवेत्||१०३||
 
स्वशरीरस्य मेधावी कृत्येष्ववहितो भवेत्||१०३||
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Nagarī nagarasyēva rathasyēva rathī yathā|  
 
Nagarī nagarasyēva rathasyēva rathī yathā|  
Line 1,225: Line 1,373:  
nagarI nagarasyeva rathasyeva rathI yathA|  
 
nagarI nagarasyeva rathasyeva rathI yathA|  
 
svasharIrasya medhAvI kRutyeShvavahito bhavet||103||  
 
svasharIrasya medhAvI kRutyeShvavahito bhavet||103||  
 +
</div></div>
    
Like the lord of a city in the affairs of his city, and a charioteer in the management of his chariot, so should a wise man be ever vigilant in the caring of his own body. [103]
 
Like the lord of a city in the affairs of his city, and a charioteer in the management of his chariot, so should a wise man be ever vigilant in the caring of his own body. [103]
   −
==== Summary ====
+
=== Summary ===
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
भवति चात्र-  
 
भवति चात्र-  
 
वृत्त्युपायान्निषेवेत ये स्युर्धर्माविरोधिनः|  
 
वृत्त्युपायान्निषेवेत ये स्युर्धर्माविरोधिनः|  
 
शममध्ययनं चैव सुखमेवं समश्नुते||१०४||  
 
शममध्ययनं चैव सुखमेवं समश्नुते||१०४||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Bhavati cātra-  
 
Bhavati cātra-  
Line 1,241: Line 1,392:  
vRuttyupAyAnniSheveta ye syurdharmAvirodhinaH|  
 
vRuttyupAyAnniSheveta ye syurdharmAvirodhinaH|  
 
shamamadhyayanaM caiva sukhamevaM samashnute||104||
 
shamamadhyayanaM caiva sukhamevaM samashnute||104||
 +
</div></div>
    
Here is a verse again-
 
Here is a verse again-
 
One should have recourse to such means of livelihood as are not contrary to the dictates of religion, and should be devoted to peace and studies. Living thus, one attains happiness. [104]
 
One should have recourse to such means of livelihood as are not contrary to the dictates of religion, and should be devoted to peace and studies. Living thus, one attains happiness. [104]
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
तत्र श्लोकाः-  
 
तत्र श्लोकाः-  
Line 1,266: Line 1,419:  
शौचे संहरणे लोम्नां पादत्रच्छत्रधारणे|  
 
शौचे संहरणे लोम्नां पादत्रच्छत्रधारणे|  
 
गुणा मात्राशितीयेऽस्मिंस्तथोक्ता  दण्डधारणे||१११||
 
गुणा मात्राशितीयेऽस्मिंस्तथोक्ता  दण्डधारणे||१११||
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Tatra ślōkāḥ-  
 
Tatra ślōkāḥ-  
Line 1,310: Line 1,464:  
shauce saMharaNe lomnAM pAdatracchatradhAraNe|  
 
shauce saMharaNe lomnAM pAdatracchatradhAraNe|  
 
guNA mAtrAshitIye~asmiMstathoktA [2] daNDadhAraNe||111||
 
guNA mAtrAshitIye~asmiMstathoktA [2] daNDadhAraNe||111||
 +
</div></div>
    
Here are the verses:
 
Here are the verses:
   −
The ideal quantity of food, the articles of food, determination of quantity with reference to their heaviness and lightness; such of the food articles whose habitual use is recommended and is prohibited; eye-salves; cigars; the three varieties of cigar; the advantages of [[dhumapana]] (inhalation of smoke), its times,its dose, frequency; manifestation of complications, and its remedies; contraindications; the method of administration; the material for making the smoking pipe; its size and shape in different categories;  the benefits of [[nasya]], their procedures, which type of [[nasya]] should be done, how and when; how the tooth-cleaning twig should be used; the different virtues of various kinds of twigs; which articles should be kept in the mouth and why; what are the advantages of oil-gargling; and what are the advantages of applying oil on the head, dropping oil into the ears, annointing the feet, body-massage, bath, wearing clean clothes, perfumes and jewel-ornaments; of ablutions, clipping and trimming of hair, wearing footwear, and to carrying umbrella and staff. All these are described in this chapter on [[Matrashiteeya]]. [105-111]
+
The ideal quantity of food, the articles of food, determination of quantity with reference to their heaviness and lightness; such of the food articles whose habitual use is recommended and is prohibited; eye-salves; cigars; the three varieties of cigar; the advantages of [[dhumapana]] (inhalation of smoke), its times, its dose, frequency; manifestation of complications, and its remedies; contraindications; the method of administration; the material for making the smoking pipe; its size and shape in different categories;  the benefits of [[nasya]], their procedures, which type of [[nasya]] should be done, how and when; how the tooth-cleaning twig should be used; the different virtues of various kinds of twigs; which articles should be kept in the mouth and why; what are the advantages of oil-gargling; and what are the advantages of applying oil on the head, dropping oil into the ears, anointing the feet, body-massage, bath, wearing clean clothes, perfumes and jewel-ornaments; of ablutions, clipping and trimming of hair, wearing footwear, and to carrying umbrella and staff. All these are described in this chapter on [[Matrashiteeya]]. [105-111]
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते श्लोकस्थाने मात्राशितीयो नाम पञ्चमोऽध्यायः समाप्तः||५||  
 
इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते श्लोकस्थाने मात्राशितीयो नाम पञ्चमोऽध्यायः समाप्तः||५||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
Ityagnivēśakr̥tē tantrē carakapratisaṁskr̥tē ślōkasthānē mātrāśitīyō nāma pañcamō'dhyāyaḥsamāptaḥ||5||
 
Ityagnivēśakr̥tē tantrē carakapratisaṁskr̥tē ślōkasthānē mātrāśitīyō nāma pañcamō'dhyāyaḥsamāptaḥ||5||
 +
</div></div>
   −
=== ''Tattva vimarsha'' (Fundamental Principles) ===
+
== Tattva vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
* One should eat proper quantity of food according to strength of [[agni]]. [verse 3]  
 
* One should eat proper quantity of food according to strength of [[agni]]. [verse 3]  
* The ideal quantity of food is which gets digested in due time without disturbing the normalcy.[verse 4]  
+
* The ideal quantity of food is which gets digested in due time without disturbing the normalcy. [verse 4]  
* The food items that are predominant in [[vayu]] and [[agni]] [[mahabhuta]] are naturally light for digestion and can be taken regularly  to maintain health. Those predominantly of [[prithvi]] and [[jala]] [[mahabhuta]] are naturally heavy to digest and shall be taken in small quantity always. If the heavy to digest items are taken, then strong physical exercise shall be followed to help [[agni]] to digest this heavy food. [Verse 6]
+
* The food items that are predominant in [[vayu]] and [[agni]] [[mahabhuta]] are naturally light for digestion and can be taken regularly  to maintain health. Those predominantly of [[prithvi]] and [[jala]] [[mahabhuta]] are naturally heavy to digest and shall be taken in smaller quantity. If the heavy to digest items are taken, then strong physical exercise shall be followed to help [[agni]] to digest this heavy food. [Verse 6]
 
* There should be a right combination of light and heavy food articles in one’s diet regimen. The heavy-to-digest food articles can be one third or one half of total food consumed, while the remaining should be light-to-digest food.  In every composition, the digestive capacity of [[agni]] is to be followed. [verse 7]  
 
* There should be a right combination of light and heavy food articles in one’s diet regimen. The heavy-to-digest food articles can be one third or one half of total food consumed, while the remaining should be light-to-digest food.  In every composition, the digestive capacity of [[agni]] is to be followed. [verse 7]  
 
* If the food is taken in proper quantity, it provides strength, complexion, happiness and longevity to the person. [verse 8]
 
* If the food is taken in proper quantity, it provides strength, complexion, happiness and longevity to the person. [verse 8]
Line 1,332: Line 1,490:  
* The [[nasya]] (nasal errhines) is advantageous to prevent above diseases as well as disease of head and neck region. [verse 56-70]
 
* The [[nasya]] (nasal errhines) is advantageous to prevent above diseases as well as disease of head and neck region. [verse 56-70]
 
* The oral health should be preserved by following appropriate tooth twigs, using herbal mouth wash liquids, oil gargles. [verse 71-80]
 
* The oral health should be preserved by following appropriate tooth twigs, using herbal mouth wash liquids, oil gargles. [verse 71-80]
* Oil should be applied on head regularly to prevent diseases like graying of hairs, alopecia, headaches and improve strength of scalp and head region. It also improves quality of sleep.[verse 81-83]
+
* Oil should be applied on head regularly to prevent diseases like graying of hairs, alopecia, headaches and improve strength of scalp and head region. It also improves quality of sleep. [verse 81-83]
* Applying oil in ears regularly prevents ear diseases, stiffness of neck and jaw, improves hearing  and prevents deafness [ verse 84]  
+
* Applying oil in ears regularly prevents ear diseases, stiffness of neck and jaw, improves hearing  and prevents deafness. [verse 84]  
 
* [[Abhyanga]] (therapeutic massage) should be regularly followed to improve physical strength, prevents [[vata]] disorders and delays ageing process. It also improves skin texture and prevents indirect physical injuries due to exertion and strains.[verse 85-89]  
 
* [[Abhyanga]] (therapeutic massage) should be regularly followed to improve physical strength, prevents [[vata]] disorders and delays ageing process. It also improves skin texture and prevents indirect physical injuries due to exertion and strains.[verse 85-89]  
 
* Padabhyanga (foot massage) should be regularly followed to prevent disease of lumbo-sacral region like sciatica, leg, foot, heel, plantar fascia,  improve strength of legs and eyesight. [verse 90-92]   
 
* Padabhyanga (foot massage) should be regularly followed to prevent disease of lumbo-sacral region like sciatica, leg, foot, heel, plantar fascia,  improve strength of legs and eyesight. [verse 90-92]   
Line 1,341: Line 1,499:  
</div>
 
</div>
   −
=== ''Vidhi vimarsha'' (Applied Inferences) ===
+
== Vidhi vimarsha (Applied Inferences) ==
   −
  We need your contribution to improve the content of this part. Kindly connect carakasamhita@gmail.com.
+
===Diet and its quantity ===
   −
====Diet and its quantity ====
+
The proper quantity and quality of diet is not uniform for all the individuals. It varies from person to person, because, it depends primarily on the digestive power of an individual which in turn is influenced by the strength of [[agni]]. The strength of [[agni]] varies according to age, sex, season etc. In the same person diurnal and seasonal variations occur. The diurnal variations are minimal, but seasonal variations are significant. So, it is described as seasonal diets and regimen in the next chapter [[Tasyashiteeya Adhyaya]]). One can prevent diseases due to seasonal variations by adhering to the instructions given in this chapter. 
   −
The proper quantity and quality of diet is not uniform for all the individuals. It varies from person to person, because, it depends primarily on the digestive power of an individual which in turn is influenced by the strength of [[agni]]. The strength of [[agni]] varies according to age, sex, season etc. In the same person diurnal and seasonal variations occur. The diurnal variations are minimal, but seasonal variations are significant. So, it is described as seasonal diets and regimen in the next chapter named ''Tasyashitiyam'' ([[Tasyashiteeya Adhyaya]]). One can prevent diseases due to seasonal variations by adhering to the instructions given in this chapter. 
+
=== Daily Regimen ===
 +
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 +
In the morning, after evacuation of the bowels and cleaning, start with eye salve, [[nasya]](oil or medicated drops instillation in nose), teeth cleaning, tongue scraping, mouth fresheners such as clove, betel, jaiphala, cardamom etc., keeping oil in mouth for few minutes, shaving, massaging head, body and feet with oil, oil in ears, rubbing medicated powder on body before bathing, wearing clean clothes and ornaments (jewelry, etc.), shoes and using cane or umbrella before going out are recommended.
    +
It is concluded by saying that ''sukhayu'' (happy and healthy [[life]]) is achieved by taking care of the body just as a competent town administrator would take care of his city.
   −
==== Daily Regimen ====
+
=== Oral hygiene ===
<div style="text-align:justify;">
+
 
In the morning, after evacuation of the bowels and cleaning, start with eye salve, [[nasya]](oil or medicated drops instillation in nose), teeth cleaning, tongue scraping, mouth fresheners such as clove, betel, jaiphala, cardamom etc., keeping oil in mouth for few minutes, shaving, massaging head, body and feet with oil, oil in ears, rubbing medicated powder on body before bathing, wearing clean clothes and ornaments (jewelry, etc.), shoes and using cane or umbrella before going out are recommended.
+
====Tooth brushing (Danta dhavana)====
 +
 
 +
Comparative analysis between patients using branded tooth paste and UDM herbal tooth powder showed equal efficacy with respect to scores of plaque index and gingival index (recorded on day 1 and day 15 of treatment). <ref>Kadam A, Prasad BS, Bagadia D, Hiremath VR. Effect of Ayurvedic herbs on control of plaque and gingivitis: A randomized controlled trial. Ayu. 2011;32(4):532-535.</ref>
 +
 
 +
====Tongue cleaning (Jihva nirlekhana)====
 +
 
 +
Reduction in amount of bacteria in tongue coating was observed in subjects cleaning Tongue regularly.  But there was no effect on dental plaque formation. Hence both tooth brushing and tongue cleaning should be performed for oral health promotion.<ref>Matsui M, Chosa N, Shimoyama Y, Minami K, Kimura S, Kishi M. Effects of tongue cleaning on bacterial flora in tongue coating and dental plaque: a crossover study. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14:4. Published 2014 Jan 14. doi:10.1186/1472-6831-14-4</ref>
 +
 
 +
==== Mouth wash (Kavala)====
 +
 
 +
Mouth wash (kavala) with various medicated liquids is advised for strengthening of various sturctures in oral cavity. Practicing of mouth wash (Kavala) with cold affusion of latex of plants (Kshiri Vriksha Hima) as a daily regimen measure for oral hygiene. Because it was effective strength to the gingiva, teeth and other structures in the oral cavity.<ref>Rakesh Shukla, Vipul C Patil, Preeti Mishra. An observational study on the effect of kavala on mukha swasthya with special reference to kshiri vriksha hima. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy, December 2013, 4(6):836-840</ref>
 +
Mouth wash also provides relief from bad breath. In a study on patients of dental caries, it was observed that Triphaladi gandusha provided better results in discharge, bad breath, pH of saliva and buffering capacity of salivary sample. There was no improvement in cavity formation, discoloration and mobility .
 +
<ref>Achyuta G Atara, R Manjusha, Vinay J Shukla, Dharmendra B Vaghela, Brijesh Rooparalia. Clinical evaluation of Krimidanta Pratishedha (anti-caries) activity of Triphaladi Gandusha in high risk dental caries patients. Ayu. 2014 Jan; 35(1):42-5</ref>
 +
 
 +
=== Pratimarsha [[nasya]] (daily nasal errhine) ===
 +
 
 +
Daily nasal administration (Pratimarsha nasya) of Anu taila, Yogic practices and Diet as daily regimen are effective in prevention of frequent attacks of Pratishyaya. <ref>Dr. Mangalagowri V Rao, Prof. Rajesh Kumar, Prof. S K Tiwari. Role of Pratimarsha Nasya, Yogic Practices and Diet in Pratishyaya (Allergic Rhinitis), European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 2015, 2 (6), 267-275</ref>
 +
 
 +
===[[Abhyanga]] (therapeutic massage) ===
 +
 
 +
[[Abhyanga]] (therapeutic massage) provides reduction of pain, increased sense of relaxation, emotional well-being, and better sleep. A study was conducted on use of massage therapy on pain levels of patients admitted in medical, surgical, and obstetrics units at an acute care setting. Massage therapy sessions averaging 30 minutes improved pain scores and reduced the dose of pain medication and increased relaxation, emotional well-being, ability to sleep among patients.<ref>Adams R, White B, Beckett C. The effects of massage therapy on pain management in the acute care setting. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. 2010;3(1):4-11.</ref> Massage therapy also provides benefits in depression, pains, asthma, multiple sclerosis, dementia. A review study on effect of massage therapy showed beneficial effects in variety of conditions like prenatal depression, autism, skin diseases, painful conditions like arthritis and fibromyalgia, autoimmune disorders like asthma and multiple sclerosis, along with diseases like AIDS, HIV and breast cancer and age related issues like Parkinson's disease and dementia.<ref>Field T. Massage therapy research review. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016;24:19-31.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==== Head massage ====
 +
 
 +
Head massage increases scalp hair thickness. In a study, standardized scalp massage for 24 weeks increased hair thickness (0.085 ± 0.003 mm vs 0.092 ± 0.001 mm). Increased expression of hair cycle–related genes such as NOGGIN, BMP4, SMAD4, and IL6ST and decrease in hair loss–related genes such as IL6 was observed in real-time RTPCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). Stretching forces result in changes in gene expression in human dermal papilla cells. Standardized scalp massage produces mechanical stress to human dermal papilla cells present in subcutaneous tissue. Hence, increase in hair thickness was observed when subjected to standardized scalp massage. <ref>Koyama T, Kobayashi K, Hama T, Murakami K, Ogawa R. Standardized Scalp Massage Results in Increased Hair Thickness by Inducing Stretching Forces to Dermal Papilla Cells in the Subcutaneous Tissue. Eplasty. 2016;16: e8.</ref>
 +
 
 +
Head massage treatment activates parasympathetic nerve activity. This leads to feeling of freshness and relief from anxiety. The results show that head massage treatment has a relaxing and refreshing effect. It  can be used to provide comfort in patients. <ref>Murota M, Iwawaki Y, Uebaba K, et al. Physical and Psychological Effects of Head Treatment in the Supine Position Using Specialized Ayurveda-Based Techniques. J Altern Complement Med. 2016;22(7):526-532.</ref>
 +
 
 +
The head massage also promotes hair growth and prevents hair loss. Self-Assessments of standardized scalp massages was done among subjects suffering from androgenic alopecia. The results showed that the massages by actions of pressing, pinching and stretching with the help of hands resulted in hair loss stabilization or regrowth among the subjects. But the improvements were less in condition of diffuse versus frontal/temporal or vertex thinning.<ref>Robert S English Jr,  James M Barazesh . Self-Assessments of Standardized Scalp Massages for Androgenic Alopecia: Survey Results. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 9, 167–178 (2019).</ref>
 +
 
 +
==== Foot massage ====
 +
 
 +
Foot massage provides improvement in fatigue, sleep and pain and quality of life. The improvement in quality of life scale and psychiatric symptoms were observed (with p<0.05) among subjects after foot bath and massage. <ref>Kazuko Kito , Keiko Suzuki. Research on the Effect of the Foot Bath and Foot Massage on Residual Schizophrenia Patients, Arch Psychiatr Nurs . 2016 Jun;30(3):375-81.</ref> A meta-analysis based review study indicates that foot reflexology is a useful nursing intervention to relieve fatigue and to promote sleep. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of foot reflexology on outcome variables other than fatigue, sleep and pain. <ref>Jeongsoon Lee, Misook Han, Younghae Chung, Jinsun Kim, Jungsook Choi. Effects of foot reflexology on fatigue, sleep and pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis, J Korean Acad Nurs. 2011 Dec;41(6):821-33.</ref> Using foot massage, by both nurses and family members can reduce the pain of patients in intensive care unit. This intervention may improve the nursing care quality with the least cost and complications.<ref>Momeni M, Arab M, Dehghan M, Ahmadinejad M. The Effect of Foot Massage on Pain of the Intensive Care Patients: A Parallel Randomized Single-Blind Controlled Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020;2020:3450853. Published 2020 Jun 13.</ref> Foot and hand massage proved useful as an effective nursing intervention in controlling postoperative pain.<ref>Nuriye Degirmen PhD, Nebahat Ozerdogan PhD, Deniz Sayiner PhD,  Nedime Kosgeroglu PhD, Unal Ayranci MD. Effectiveness of foot and hand massage in post-cesarean pain control in a group of Turkish pregnant women Applied Nursing Research.23(3);2010:153-158.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==== Powder massage (Udvartana) ====
 +
 
 +
A comparative study between usage of tummy trimmer and Kolakulatthadi churna Udvartana for 30 days, showed better result in Udvartana group.<ref> Manjunath Akki, Suresh Hakkandi, Abid Hussaine. A comparative clinical study on the effect of Udvartana and tummy trimmer in Udara Lambanatva with special reference to central obesity. International Journal f Ayurveda and Pharma research, 7 (1) January 2019, Page 32-38</ref>
 +
A case study showed intake of  gruel preparation made from buttermilk (Takra-Siddha Yavagu ) and powder massage (Udvartana) is effective in the management of dyslipidemia for normalization of blood lipids. The effect is observed due to drying (shoshana) and  alleviation of vitiated [[Kapha]] and [[Meda dhatu]]  properties. <ref>Patel B, Kamble SB, Vyas HA, Vyas MK, Chinthala R. Hypolipidemic effect of Rukshana Upakrama in the management of dyslipidemia – A case study. AYU 2018;39: Page: 72-75</ref>
 +
 
 +
=== Bath ([[snana]]) ===
 +
 
 +
Bath provides cleanliness of body and mind, relief from fatigue. In a study, significant improvement in SCORAD score, itching, and insomnia was observed (with p < 0.001) in children using weakly acidic syndets for daily bath during the summer season. <ref>Kim H, Ban J, Park MR, et al. Effect of bathing on atopic dermatitis during the summer season. Asia Pac Allergy. 2012;2(4):269-274.</ref> Mist sauna bathing in morning results in improvement of work efficiency when compared to other bathing methods. <ref>Lee S, Fujimura H, Shimomura Y, Katsuura T. Verification of impact of morning showering and mist sauna bathing on human physiological functions and work efficiency during the day. Int J Biometeorol. 2015;59(9):1207-1212. doi:10.1007/s00484-014-0932-3</ref>
 +
 
 +
=== Important Cross references about diet and daily regimen ([[Dinacharya]]) ===
   −
It is concluded by saying that sukhayu (happy and healthy life) is achieved by taking care of the body just as a competent town administrator would take care of his city.
+
*Regarding quantity of food: The classification of amount of food in bolus irrespective of food article (Sarvagraha) and amount of each food item like rice, soup, meat soup etc. (Parigraha) is mentioned. [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 1/21 (4)]
 +
*The features of intake of food in proper quantity are mentioned. [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 2/6]
 +
*Improper quantity of food is classified into less (heena) and excessive (adhika), along with symptoms and diseases of depletion and aggravation of concerned [[dosha]] and [[dhatu]] [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 2/7].
 +
*The eight factors to be considered during the food intake (Ashta Vidha Ahara Ayatana) [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 1/21-26] and four types of food based on consistency are mentioned. [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 2/15]
 +
*The best and inferior quality food article based on property in different food groups are mentioned. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]]25/37-38]
 +
*Properties of different food articles have been elaborated. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]]25/37-38] 27].  
 
</div>
 
</div>
   −
==== Research work done ====
+
=== Research works ===
 +
 
 +
# Ashok Patil (2015): A Study on Dinacharya in maintenance of health (PhD thesis), , Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore.
 +
#Rekha B.V. (2015): Role of Padabyanga in shishira ritu w.s.r to Padasphutana (PhD thesis).Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore.
 +
#Ankush Jagota (2015): Evaluation of Khadiradi Kavala graham in promoting oral health among secondary and higher  secondary school children. Govt.[[Ayurveda]] College, Tripunithura, Kerala.
 +
#Shukla Rakesh Rajendraprasad (2014): Efficacy of Malati Kastha Churna (Jasminum Officinale Linn.) for Dantadhavana. Bharati vidyapeeth, Pune.
 +
# Anonymous(2012): A Study on the effect of Anutaila Pratimarsha nasya along with  Haritaki sirolepa in management of Darunaka.  Kerala University of Health Sciences , Kerala
 +
#Anonymous(2012): A Study on the effect of Vapyadi churna as tooth paste on Oral hygiene. Kerala University of Health Sciences, Kerala
 +
# Mangalagowri V Rao (2013): Evaluation of Pratimarsha nasya, Yogic practices and selected diet in prevention of Pratishyaya (Allergic Rhinitis)(Ph.D Thesis).Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
 +
#Vineeta Singh (2019): Effect of Specific Diet, Yogic Practices and Ruksha Udvartana in Management of Obesity (Sthaulya).(MD Thesis).Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
 +
#Trupti (?): Study to evaluate the effect of Anjana (In Myopia and healthy).(MD Thesis).Kerala University, Kerala.
 +
 
 +
=== Ayurvedic lifestyle package ===
 +
 
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# Ayurvedic lifestyle package for prevention of diseases is designed by expert committee of All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi in 2017. The guidelines can be found on the link of institute.
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=== Related chapters ===
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[[Tasyashiteeya Adhyaya]], [[Annapanavidhi Adhyaya]], [[Rasa Vimana Adhyaya]], [[Trividhakukshiya Vimana Adhyaya]]
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#A Study on Dinacharya in maintainance of health (PhD thesis), Ashok .Patil, Rajiv Gandhi Univerity of Health Sciences, Banglore -2015
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==References==
#Role of Padabyanga in shishira ritu w.s.r to Padasphutana (PhD thesis), Rekha.BV, Rajiv Gandhi Univerity of Health Sciences , Banglore -2015
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#Evaluation of Khadiradi Kavala graham in promoting oral health among secondary and higher  secondary school children , Ankush Jagota , Govt.Ayurveda College, Tripunithura , Kerala- 2012-2015
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#“Efficacy of Malati Kastha Churna (Jasminum Officinale Linn.) for Dantadhavana” Shukla Rakesh Rajendraprasad, Bharateeya vidya peeth, Pune, 2014-2014
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#A Study on the effect of Anutaila Pratimarsha nasya along with  Haritaki sirolepa in management of Drunaka , 2011-12, Keral University of Health Sciences , Kerala
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#A Study on the effect of Vapyadi churna as tooth paste on Oral hygiene , 2011-12, Keral University of Health Sciences , Kerala
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===References===
      
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