Charak Samhita

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Derris indica (LAM.) BENNET
{{#seo:
{{Infobox
|title=Charak Samhita
|title = Karanja
|titlemode=append
|label1 = Section/Chapter
|keywords= Therapeutic use, herbs, researches on dravya, Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, ancient Ayurveda text, Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, Charak, Charaka Samhita, agnivesha, atreya, gopal basisht, yogesh deole, charak samhita wikipedia edition, charak samhita new edition, charaka samhita new edition, carak samhita new edition, caraka samhita new edition, research on charak samhita, text book charak samhita, fundamental principles of ayurveda, basic concepts of ayurveda,
|data1 = Herb database/Karanja
|description=  
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
|data2 = Derris indica (LAM.) BENNET
|image_alt=charak samhita
|label3 = Contributors
|type=article
|data3 = --
|label4 = Year of publication
|data4 =  2021
|label5 = Publisher
|data5 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|label6 = DOI
|data6  = Awaited
}}
}}


==English name ==  
{{Infobox plant
| name              = Karanja
| image              = Pongamia_pinnata.jpg
| image_caption      = Foliage and flowers of ''Pongamia pinnata'' (Indian beech)
| binomial_name      = ''Pongamia pinnata'' (L.) Pierre
| family            = Fabaceae (Papilionaceae)
| common_names      = Indian beech, Pongam oil tree
| synonyms          = ''Naktamala'', ''Chirabilvaka''
}}
 
'''Karanja''' (Latin: ''Pongamia pinnata'' Pierre, English: '''Indian beech''') is a medium-sized deciduous or evergreen tree belonging to the family Fabaceae (traditionally Papilionaceae). In Ayurveda, it is celebrated for its potent anthelmintic (''Krumighna''), wound-cleansing and healing (''Vrana Shodhana''), and dermatological (''Kushthaghna'') properties.<ref name="API">Anonymous. ''The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India''. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 1: 40.</ref>
 
== Botanical & Vernacular Names ==
* '''Botanical Name:''' ''Pongamia pinnata'' (L.) Pierre
* '''Family:''' Papilionaceae (Fabaceae)
* '''English Name:''' Indian beech
* '''Sanskrit / Classical Name:''' Karanja
 
== Synonyms in Classical Texts ==
* '''Synonyms in Bhavaprakash Nighantu:'''<ref name="Bhavaprakash">Prof. Krushnachandra Chunekar, ''Bhavaprakash Nighantu''. Reprint Edition 2020, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Guduchyadi varga, verse no. 119–120.</ref>
** ''Karanja'' &ndash; The flowers of Karanja are curved/shaped like nails.
** ''Naktamala'' &ndash; The flowers bloom/blossom during the night.
** ''Chirabilvaka''


--
== Varieties ==
Classical texts recognize several varieties of Karanja:


== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
=== According to Bhavaprakash Nighantu ===
Naktamala, Prakirya
# '''Ghrita Karanja'''
# '''Kantakari Karanja'''
# '''Karanji'''


== Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions ==  
=== According to Raja Nighantu ===
# '''Karanja'''
# '''Ghrita Karanja'''
# '''Mahakaranja'''
# '''Putikaranja'''
# '''Guccha Karanja'''
# '''Ritha Karanja'''<ref name="RajaNighantu">Dr. Indradev Tripathi, ''Raja Nighantu of Pandit Narhari''. Edition 2006, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, Prabhadradi varga, verse no. 62, 64, 67, 68, 70, 72.</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
== Ayurvedic Pharmacological Properties ==
|+ Herbs and their activities
According to Ayurvedic pharmacodynamics, the properties (''Rasa Panchaka'') of Karanja are summarized below:<ref name="API" />
|-
! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity
|-
!1
|Sutra sthana  1/82
|Phalini (Virechana)


(Therapeutic  purgation)
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
! Sr. No. !! Pharmacological Criteria !! Properties (Ayurvedic Attributes)
|-
|-
!2
| 1 || '''Taste (''[[Rasa]]'')''' || Pungent (''Katu''), Bitter (''Tikta'')
|Sutra sthana 3/3
|Siddhatama  churna pradeha
|-
|-
!3
| 2 || '''Potency (''[[Veerya]]'')''' || Hot (''Ushna'')
|Sutra sthana  5/73
|Danta pavana
|-
|-
!4
| 3 || '''Post-digestion Effect (''[[Vipaka]]'')''' || Pungent (''Katu'')
|Sutra  Sthana 13/10
|Sthavara  Sneha Yoni (Vegetable origin of lipids)
|-
|-
!5
| 4 || '''Qualities (''[[Guna]]'')''' || Sharp (''Tikshna'')
|Sutra Sthana  14/31
|Dravya for  Nadi Sweda
|-
|-
!6
| 5 || '''Actions (''[[Karma]]'')''' || ''Krumijit'' (anthelmintic / antiparasitic), ''Kushthaghna'' (cures skin diseases), ''Kaphavatahara'' (pacifies Kapha and Vata doshas), ''Vrana Shodhana'' (cleanses and purifies wounds/ulcers)
|Sutra  Sthana 14/43
|}
|Dravya for  Nadi Sweda
 
|-
== References in Charaka Samhita ==
!7
Karanja is extensively mentioned in the ''Charaka Samhita'' across various clinical contexts and formulations:
|Ch Su 27/160
 
|Phala Varga
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
! Sr. No. !! Reference in Charaka Samhita !! Activity / Formulation / Indication
|-
|-
!8
| 1 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 3/3 || Formulations used for local external application
|Ch. Ni .2/4
|Nidana
|-
|-
!9
| 2 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 3/13 || Rasanjanadi formulation
|Ch Vi 6/17
|Abhyantar Krimi  Chikitsa
|-
|-
!10
| 3 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 3/14 || Haridradi formulation
|Ch Vi 6/26
|Abhyantar Krimi  Chikitsa
|-
|-
!11
| 4 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 3/15 || Manahshiladi formulation
|Ch.Vi.8/135
|Vaman dravyani
|-
|-
!12
| 5 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 5/73 || Used as a tooth-cleaning twig (toothbrush / ''Dantadhavana'')
|Vimana Sthana 8/142
|Katuskandha
|-
|-
!13
| 6 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 13/10 || Classification as vegetable/plant sources of lipids (''Sneha Dravya'')
|Vimana Sthana 8/143
|Tiktaskandha
|-
|-
!14
| 7 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 14/31 || Ingredient of decoction used for steam fomentation (''Nadi Sweda'')
|Ch.Sha.8/56
|Kshira vishodhan  dravya
|-
|-
!15
| 8 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 14/43 || Ingredient of decoction used for steam fomentation (''Nadi Sweda'')
|Kalpa Sthana 1/22
|Vamanartha
|-
|-
!`16
| 9 || Cha.Sa.[[Nidana Sthana]] 2/4 || Mentioned in context as an etiological factor in bleeding disorders (''Raktapitta'')
|KalpaSthana  11/11
|SaptalaShankhini  Yoga
|-
|-
!17
| 10 || Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 7/17 || Used in the management and treatment of parasitic infestations (''Krumi Roga'')
|KalpaSthana  11/13
|Ghrita  Yoga
|-
|-
!18
| 11 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/48 || Ingredient of therapeutic formulations used in skin diseases (''Kushtha'')
|Cha.sa.Chi.3/267
|As an ingredient of Agurvadi taila.
|-
|-
!19
| 12 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/56 || Ingredient of formulations used in the treatment of skin diseases (''Kushtha'')
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/48
|As Nashya in Kushth
|-
|-
!20
| 13 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/91 || Ingredient of ''Siddharthaka Snana'' (medicated bath) for dermatoses
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/56
|For Scrapping
|-
|-
!21
| 14 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/93 || Used as an external application (''Lepa'')
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/91
|Ingredient in Sidhdharthak  snan and Lepa
 
Abhyantar and Bahya-shodhanarth
|-
|-
!22
| 15 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/94 || Used as an external application (''Lepa'')
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/93
|Bahyaprayogarth Lepa in Kushth 
|-
|-
!23
| 16 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/111 || Ingredient of ''Kanakaksheeri Tailam''
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/94
|Bahyaprayogarth Lepa in Kushth 
|-
|-
!24
| 17 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/119 || Formulation drug (''Yoga Dravya'') used in skin diseases (''Kushtha'')
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/95
|Bahyaprayogarth Lepa in Kushth 
|-
|-
!25
| 18 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/152 || Ingredient of ''Maha Khadira Ghrita''
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/111
|Ingredient in Kanakakshiri  Tail
|-
|-
!26
| 19 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/158 || Formulation drug used in parasitic / infective dermatoses (''Krumi Kushtha'')
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/119
|Kushthahar Tail 
|-
|-
!27
| 20 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/44 || Used in nasal errhines / errhine therapy (''Nasya'')
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/152
|Ingredient in Mahakhadir  Ghrit
|-
|-
!28
| 21 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/67 || Ingredient of medicated water used for therapeutic baths
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/158
|Abhyantar and Bahyaprayogarth, Pana, Snan, Lepa
|-
|-
!29
| 22 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/57 || Formulation drug used for external therapeutic application
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 9/69
|Ingredient in Siddharthakadi  Agad
|-
|-
!30
| 23 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/101 || Formulation drug in the treatment of hemorrhoids associated with constipation
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 10/44
|As a Nasya dravya
|-
|-
!31
| 24 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/179 || Ingredient in alkaline preparations (''Kshara Kalpana'')
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/67
|As a Snan dravya for Bahyaprayogarth
|-
|-
!32
| 25 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/137 || Formulation drug used in the treatment of cystic erysipelas (''Granthi Visarpa'')
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 14/5
|Used as lepa on arsha
|-
|-
!33
| 26 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/69 || Formulation drug utilized for nasal administration (''Nasya'')
|Cha. Sa. Chiktsa Sthana14/101
|For  varchonulomana and vatanulomana
|-
|-
!34
| 27 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/70 || Ingredient of ''Gandhahasti Agada''
|Cha.Sa.Chi.21/124
|For pradeha  prayoga in granthi visarpa.
|-
|-
!35
| 28 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/79 || Ingredient of ''Mahagandhahastinama Agada''
|Cha.Sa.Chi.21/137
|As an ingredient  of Kampillakadi taila.
|-
|-
!36
| 29 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/209 || Formulation drug used in scorpion bite poisoning
|Cha.Sa.Chi.23/69
|For Anjana prayoga, if obstruction is there in eye.
|-
|-
!37
| 30 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/216 || Formulation drug used in the treatment of house lizard venom poisoning
|Cha.Sa.Chi.23/70
|As an ingredient of Gandha hasti agada.
|-
|-
!38
| 31 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/246 || Ingredient of ''Amrita Ghrita''
|Cha.Sa.Chi.23/79
|As an ingredient of Maha -Gandha hasti agada.
|-
|-
!39
| 32 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/57 || Formulation drug used in the treatment of Kaphaja dysuria (''Kaphaja Mutrakruccha'')
|Cha.Sa.Chi.23/209
|Used in the treatment of vrushchika visha.
|-
|-
!40
| 33 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/154 || Formulation drug used in Kaphaja coryza and chronic rhinitis (''Dushta Pratishyaya'')
|Cha.Sa.Chi.23/216
|Used in the treatment of Gruhagodha visha.
|-
|-
!41
| 34 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/186 || Formulation drug in Kaphaja, Sannipatika, and parasite-induced head disorders (''Shiroroga'')
|Cha.Sa.Chi.23/246
|As an ingredient of Amruta ghrita.
|-
|-
!42
| 35 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/34 || Used as a formulation drug (''Yoga Dravya'')
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/57
|Used in Kaphaja  mutrakruchhra.
|-
|-
!43
| 36 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/49 || Used as an external application (''Lepa'')
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/154
|As an ingredient of  Bhargyadi taila.
|-
|-
!44
| 37 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/57 || Used as an external application (''Lepa'')
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/184
|Used in Kaphaja Siroroga  for Pradhamana nasya.
|-
|-
!45
| 38 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 11/11 || Classified as a purgative / therapeutic evacuation drug (''Virechana Dravya'')
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/186
|Used in Kaphaja Siroroga  for Avapeeda nasya.
|-
!46
|Ca.Sa.Chi.27/33
|As an ingredient of Shargenshtadi  Choorna
|-
!47
|Ca.Sa.Chi.27/49
|As an ingredient  of Valmikmrutadi Utsadana
|-
!48
|Ca.Sa.Chi.27/57
|As an ingredient  of Shyonakadi parisheka and Pralepa
|-
|-
| 39 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Kalpa Sthana]] 11/14 || Ingredient of medicated ghee (''Ghrita'') preparation
|}
|}


== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==  
== Therapeutic Uses ==
 
Karanja is clinically indicated for:<ref name="API" />
{| class="wikitable"
* ''Vrana'' (Wounds, ulcers, and non-healing lesions)
|+ Properties
* ''Krumi'' (Helminthiasis, worm infestations, and microbes)
|-
* ''Kustha'' (Dermatological conditions, leprosy, and stubborn skin diseases)
! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
|-
| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]])  || Bitter (tikta), Pungent (katu), Astringent (kashaya)
|-
| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) ||Hot (ushna)
|-
| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Pungent (katu)
|-
| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])|| Light (laghu), Sharp (tikshna)
|-
| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Pacify Kapha and Vata
|-
|}


== Current availability==  
== Dosage & Administration ==
* '''Powder (''Churna''):''' 0.25 g of the drug powder.<ref name="API" />
* '''Decoction (''Kwatha''):''' 5 &ndash; 10 g of the crude drug for preparing decoctions.<ref name="API" />


Available
== Important Formulations ==
* ''Aragvadhadi Kwatha Churna''
* ''Pathyadi Lepa''


== Current researches ==
== Habitat & Availability ==
* '''Status:''' Available
* '''Geographical Distribution:''' Distributed throughout India, frequently growing along riverbanks, lakes, streams, and tidal forests.


[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
== Current Research ==
* Phytochemical profile & research database: [https://cb.imsc.res.in/imppat/phytochemical/Pongamia%20pinnata IMPPAT Phytochemical Profile: Pongamia pinnata]


This article is under development ..
== References ==
<references />
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