Jwara Nidana: Difference between revisions
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Depending upon the etiological factors, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda] prescribes one of two types of therapies – spiritual and rational. A specific rational treatment of ''jwara'' could involve the use of processed ghee (clarified butter) with suitable drugs in a chronic fever is to alleviate all the three ''doshas''. | Depending upon the etiological factors, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda] prescribes one of two types of therapies – spiritual and rational. A specific rational treatment of ''jwara'' could involve the use of processed ghee (clarified butter) with suitable drugs in a chronic fever is to alleviate all the three ''doshas''. | ||
===Sanskrit | ===Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation=== | ||
अथातो ज्वरनिदानं व्याख्यास्यामः||१ | अथातो ज्वरनिदानं व्याख्यास्यामः||१|| | ||
athAto jwaranidAnaM vyAkhyAsyAmaH||1|| iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2|| | इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२|| | ||
athātō jwaranidānaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1|| | |||
iti ha smāha bhagavānātrēyaḥ||2|| | |||
athAto jwaranidAnaM vyAkhyAsyAmaH||1|| | |||
iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2|| | |||
Now I shall expound upon the chapter on the “Diagnosis of ''Jwara'' (Fever).” | Now I shall expound upon the chapter on the “Diagnosis of ''Jwara'' (Fever).” | ||
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Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2] | Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2] | ||
==== Nidana (etiology) and its synonyms ==== | ==== ''Nidana'' (etiology) and its synonyms ==== | ||
इह खलु हेतुर्निमित्तमायतनं कर्ता कारणं प्रत्ययः समुत्थानं निदानमित्यनर्थान्तरम् तत्त्रिविधम्- असात्म्येन्द्रियार्थसंयोगः, प्रज्ञापराधः, परिणामश्चेति||३|| | इह खलु हेतुर्निमित्तमायतनं कर्ता कारणं प्रत्ययः समुत्थानं निदानमित्यनर्थान्तरम् तत्त्रिविधम्- असात्म्येन्द्रियार्थसंयोगः, प्रज्ञापराधः, परिणामश्चेति||३|| | ||
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''Hetu'', ''nimitta'', ''ayatana'', ''karta'', ''karana'', ''pratyaya'' and ''samutthana'' are synonyms of ''nidana'' (causative factors). ''Nidana'' could be of three types: | ''Hetu'', ''nimitta'', ''ayatana'', ''karta'', ''karana'', ''pratyaya'' and ''samutthana'' are synonyms of ''nidana'' (causative factors). ''Nidana'' could be of three types: | ||
#''Asatmyendriyarthasamyoga'' (unsuitable contact of sense organs with their objects) | |||
#''Pragyaparadha'' (knowingly engaging in harmful activities), and | |||
#''Kala'' (seasonal, temporal factors). [3] | |||
==== Types of diseases ==== | ==== Types of diseases ==== | ||
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atastrividhA vyAdhayaH prAdurbhavanti- AgneyAH, saumyAH, vAyavyAshca; dvividhAshcApare- rAjasAH, tAmasAshca||4|| | atastrividhA vyAdhayaH prAdurbhavanti- AgneyAH, saumyAH, vAyavyAshca; dvividhAshcApare- rAjasAH, tAmasAshca||4|| | ||
(Physical) diseases caused are of three types, viz., agneya (pitta-predominant diseases), saumya (kapha-predominant diseases) and vayavya (vata-predominant diseases). Others (mental) are of two types viz. rajas and tamas. [4] | (Physical) diseases caused are of three types, viz., ''agneya'' (''pitta''-predominant diseases), ''saumya'' (''kapha''-predominant diseases) and ''vayavya'' (''vata''-predominant diseases). Others (mental) are of two types viz. ''rajas'' and ''tamas''. [4] | ||
==== Synonyms of disease ==== | ==== Synonyms of disease ==== | ||
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tatra vyAdhirAmayo gada Ata~gko yakShmA jvaro vikAro roga ityanarthAntaram||5|| | tatra vyAdhirAmayo gada Ata~gko yakShmA jvaro vikAro roga ityanarthAntaram||5|| | ||
Vyadhi, amaya, gada, atanka, yakshma, jwara, vikara and roga are synonyms of disease. [5] | |||
''Vyadhi, amaya, gada, atanka, yakshma, jwara, vikara'' and ''roga'' are synonyms of disease. [5] | |||
==== Means for knowledge of disease ==== | ==== Means for knowledge of disease ==== | ||
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tasyōpalabdhirnidānapūrvarūpaliṅgōpaśayasamprāptitaḥ ||6 || | tasyōpalabdhirnidānapūrvarūpaliṅgōpaśayasamprāptitaḥ ||6 || | ||
tasyopalabdhirnidAnapUrvarUpali~ggopashayasamprAptitaH||6|| | tasyopalabdhirnidAnapUrvarUpali~ggopashayasamprAptitaH||6|| | ||
Diseases could be diagnosed by studying their nidana (etiology), poorvarupa (premonitory symptoms), linga (sign and symptoms), upashaya (exploratory therapy) and samprapti (pathogenesis).[6] | Diseases could be diagnosed by studying their ''nidana'' (etiology), ''poorvarupa'' (premonitory symptoms), ''linga'' (sign and symptoms), ''upashaya'' (exploratory therapy) and ''samprapti'' (pathogenesis).[6] | ||
==== Nidana ==== | ==== ''Nidana'' ==== | ||
तत्र निदानं कारणमित्युक्तमग्रे||७|| | तत्र निदानं कारणमित्युक्तमग्रे||७|| | ||
tatra nidānaṁ kāraṇamityuktamagrē ||7|| | tatra nidānaṁ kāraṇamityuktamagrē ||7|| | ||
tatra nidAnaM kAraNamityuktamagre||7|| | tatra nidAnaM kAraNamityuktamagre||7|| | ||
Nidana is the etiological factor as described earlier. [7] | ''Nidana'' is the etiological factor as described earlier. [7] | ||
==== Poorvarupa | ==== ''Poorvarupa'' (premonitory signs) ==== | ||
पूर्वरूपं प्रागुत्पत्ति लक्षणं व्याधेः||८|| | पूर्वरूपं प्रागुत्पत्ति लक्षणं व्याधेः||८|| | ||
pūrvarūpaṁ prāgutpatti lakṣaṇaṁ vyādhēḥ||8|| | pūrvarūpaṁ prāgutpatti lakṣaṇaṁ vyādhēḥ||8|| | ||
pUrvarUpaM prAgutpatti lakShaNaM vyAdheH||8|| | pUrvarUpaM prAgutpatti lakShaNaM vyAdheH||8|| | ||
Symptoms that manifest themselves before the appearance of the disease are known as poorvarupa. [8] | Symptoms that manifest themselves before the appearance of the disease are known as ''poorvarupa''. [8] | ||
==== Linga | ==== Linga (sign) and its synonyms ==== | ||
प्रादुर्भूतलक्षणं पुनर्लिङ्गम् तत्र लिङ्गमाकृतिर्लक्षणं चिह्नं संस्थानं व्यञ्जनं रूपमित्यनर्थान्तरम्||९|| | प्रादुर्भूतलक्षणं पुनर्लिङ्गम् तत्र लिङ्गमाकृतिर्लक्षणं चिह्नं संस्थानं व्यञ्जनं रूपमित्यनर्थान्तरम्||९|| | ||
prādurbhūtalakṣaṇaṁ punarliṅgam tatra liṅgamākr̥tirlakṣaṇaṁ cihnaṁ saṁsthānaṁ vyañjanaṁ rūpamityanarthāntaram ||9|| | prādurbhūtalakṣaṇaṁ punarliṅgam tatra liṅgamākr̥tirlakṣaṇaṁ cihnaṁ saṁsthānaṁ vyañjanaṁ rūpamityanarthāntaram ||9|| | ||
prAdurbhUtalakShaNaM punarli~ggam| tatra li~ggamAkRutirlakShaNaM cihnaM | prAdurbhUtalakShaNaM punarli~ggam| tatra li~ggamAkRutirlakShaNaM cihnaM | ||
saMsthAnaM vya~jjanaM rUpamityanarthAntaram||9|| | saMsthAnaM vya~jjanaM rUpamityanarthAntaram||9|| | ||
Sign and symptoms when fully manifested are called as linga. Linga, akruti, lakshana, chihna, samsthana, vyanjana and rupa are synonyms of linga. [9] | Sign and symptoms when fully manifested are called as ''linga''. ''Linga, akruti, lakshana, chihna, samsthana, vyanjana'' and ''rupa'' are synonyms of ''linga''. [9] | ||
==== Upashaya | ==== ''Upashaya'' (pacifying factors) ==== | ||
उपशयः पुनर्हेतुव्याधिविपरीतानां विपरीतार्थकारिणां चौषधाहारविहाराणामुपयोगः सुखानुबन्धः||१०|| | उपशयः पुनर्हेतुव्याधिविपरीतानां विपरीतार्थकारिणां चौषधाहारविहाराणामुपयोगः सुखानुबन्धः||१०|| | ||