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Abutilon indicum L.
<noinclude>
{{#seo:
|title=Charak Samhita - Herb Database
|titlemode=append
|keywords=Atibala, Abutilon indicum L., Therapeutic use, herbs, researches on dravya, Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia
|description=Monograph on Atibala (Abutilon indicum L.): comprehensive botanical profile, classical Ayurvedic pharmacodynamics, therapeutic efficacy, and modern scientific research.
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
|image_alt=Atibala - Abutilon indicum
|type=article
}}
</noinclude>
 
{{Infobox
{{Infobox
|title = Atibala
|title = Atibala
Line 5: Line 16:
|data1 = Herb database/Atibala
|data1 = Herb database/Atibala
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|data2 = Abutilon indicum L.
|data2 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abutilon_indicum Abutilon indicum L.]
|label3 = Family
|label3 = Family
|data3 = Malvaceae
|data3 = Malvaceae
Line 11: Line 22:
|data4 = Available
|data4 = Available
|label5 = Contributors
|label5 = Contributors
|data5 = --
|data5 = [[Team Dravyaguna]]
|label6 = Year of publication  
|label6 = Year of publication  
|data6 =  2025
|data6 =  2026
|label7 = Publisher  
|label7 = Publisher  
|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|label8 = DOI  
|label8 = DOI  
|data8  = Awaited
|data8  = Awaited
}}
}}


== English name ==
'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abutilon_indicum Abutilon indicum L.]''', popularly known as '''Atibala''', is an annual or perennial shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions, widely distributed throughout India. In [[Ayurveda]], it is highly revered as a potent tonic (*Balya*), rejuvenative (*Rasayana*), and Vata-Pitta pacifying medicine.<ref name="API">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I:13</ref>
--
 
==Therapeutic use==
== English Name ==
Raktapitta(bleeding disorder), Vatarakta(gout), meha<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 1 :13</ref>
Indian mallow
 
== Therapeutic Use ==
Raktapitta (bleeding disorder), Vatarakta (gout), Meha (obstinate urinary disorders)<ref name="API" />


== Synonyms in Charak Samhita ==
== Synonyms in Charak Samhita ==
Atibala, Rishyaprokta(grows wild,so liked by sages and animal), Kankatika(Fruits are resembling a comb),Balika, Vatyapushpy(Flowers of atibala resemble flowers of bala), Bhuribala  
* Atibala
* Rishyaprokta &ndash; Grows wild, so liked by sages and animals.
* Kankatika &ndash; Fruits resemble a comb.
* Balika
* Vatyapushpa &ndash; Flowers of atibala resemble flowers of bala.
* Bhuribala


{| class="wikitable"
== Ayurvedic Pharmacological Properties ==
== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==
According to classical Ayurvedic pharmacodynamics (''Rasa Panchaka''), Atibala has the following properties:<ref name="API" />
{| class="wikitable"
 
|+
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
Properties
! Sr. No. !! Pharmacological Criteria !! Properties (Ayurvedic Attributes)
!Sr.no.  
!Pharmacological criteria
!Properties
|-
|-
|1
| 1 || Taste (''[[Rasa]]'') || Sweet (''Madhura'')
|Taste (rasa)
|Sweet (madhura)
|-
|-
|2
| 2 || Potency (''[[Veerya]]'') || Cold (''Sheeta'')
|Potency (veerya)
|Cold (sheeta)
|-
|-
|3
| 3 || Post-digestion Effect (''[[Vipaka]]'') || Sweet (''Madhura'')
|Post digestion effect (vipaka)
|Sweet (madhura)
|-
|-
|4
| 4 || Qualities (''[[Guna]]'') || Light (''Laghu''), Unctuous (''Snigdha''), Slimy (''Pichhila'')
|Qualities (guna)
|Light (laghu), Unctuous (snigdha), Slimy (pichhila)  
|-
|-
|5
| 5 || Dosha Action (''[[Karma]]'') || Pacifies Vata and Pitta
|Actions (karma)
|Pacify Vata and Pitta
|}
|}


== Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions ==
== Reference in Charak Samhita and its Actions ==
{| class="wikitable"
Atibala is prominently documented across multiple therapeutic chapters of the ''[[Charaka Samhita]]'':
|+
 
Herbs and their activities
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
!Sr.no.
! Sr. No. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity / Formulation / Therapeutic Use
!Reference in Charak Samhita
!Activity
|-
|-
|1
| 1 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(7) || Balya mahakashaya (group of tonics)
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(7)
|Balya mahakashaya(tonics)
|-
|-
|2
| 2 || Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/139 || Madhur skanda (group of sweet drugs)
|Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/139
|Madhur skanda(group of sweet drug)
|-
|-
|3
| 3 || Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/24 || Garbhini paricharya (antenatal care)
|Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/24
|Garbhini paricharya
|-
|-
|4
| 4 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/2/4 || In formulation of Amalaka ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/2/4
|In formulation of amalaka ghrita
|-
|-
|5
| 5 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/267 || As an ingredient of Agurvadi taila
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/267
|As an ingredient ofAgurvadi taila
|-
|-
|6
| 6 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/50 || As a yavagu (gruel) dravya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/50
|As a yavagu(gruel) dravya
|-
|-
|7
| 7 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/87 || As an ingredient of Trushanadi Ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/87
|As an ingredient of Trushanadi Ghrita
|-
|-
|8
| 8 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/159 || As an ingredient of Amrutadi taila
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/159
|As an ingredient of Amrutadi taila
|-
|-
|9
| 9 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/56 || As an ingredient of Baladi Ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/56
|As an ingredient of Baladi Ghrita
|-
|-
|10
| 10 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/62 || As an ingredient of Jeevaniya Ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/62
|As an ingredient of Jeevaniya Ghrita
|-
|-
|11
| 11 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/72 || As an ingredient of Jeevakadi mahasneha
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/72
|As an ingredient of Jeevakadi mahasneha
|-
|-
|12
| 12 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/76 || As an ingredient of Sthiradi Ghrita/Taila
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/76
|As an ingredient of Sthiradi Ghrita/Taila
|}
|}


==Dose==
== Dose ==
* 3-6 gm of the drug in powder form<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 1 :13</ref>
* '''Powder (''Churna''):''' 3 – 6 g daily.<ref name="API" />
==Important formulation==
 
As per A.P.I.<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 1 :13</ref>
== Important Formulations ==
As per A.P.I.<ref name="API" />
* Bala taila
* Bala taila
* Narayana taila
* Narayana taila
* Mahanarayana taila
* Mahanarayana taila


== Current Availability ==
Available
* '''In India:''' Found all over India, particularly in waste places, roadsides, and tropical regions.
== Major Phytoconstituents ==
The pharmacological efficacy of *Abutilon indicum* is attributed to its diverse secondary metabolites distributed across roots, leaves, and seeds:
* '''Flavonoids & Alkaloids:''' Contains active flavonoids, glycosides, and various alkaloidal constituents.
* '''Mucilage & Carbohydrates:''' High concentrations of mucilage present in leaves and roots contributing to demulcent properties.
* '''Sterols & Fatty Acids:''' Beta-sitosterol, gallic acid, and essential oils.
== Therapeutic Efficacy & Modern Scientific Research ==
Modern pharmacological evaluations and experimental studies validate several traditional therapeutic uses of *Abutilon indicum*:
=== 1. Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activity ===
* '''Traditional Use:''' Indicated in *Vatarakta* (gout) and inflammatory joint discomforts.
* '''Mechanism & Scientific Evidence:''' Experimental studies show that root and leaf extracts significantly reduce acute and chronic inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory mediators and prostaglandin synthesis. The anti-nociceptive profile helps mitigate pain responses in animal models.<ref name="Kasimala2013">Kasimala, M. B., et al. "Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Abutilon indicum leaf extracts." International Journal of Pharmacology.</ref>
=== 2. Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Properties ===
* '''Traditional Use:''' Used in tissue rejuvenation and general debility.
* '''Mechanism & Scientific Evidence:''' Plant extracts demonstrate substantial free-radical scavenging capacity and restoration of hepatic enzymes. In vivo studies confirm protection against toxin-induced liver damage by enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase.<ref name="Seetharam2002">Seetharam, Y., et al. "Hepatoprotective activity of Abutilon indicum against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats." Fitoterapia.</ref>
=== 3. Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Efficacy ===
* '''Traditional Use:''' Applied locally for skin ulcers, boils, and infections.
* '''Mechanism & Scientific Evidence:''' Extracts exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against common pathogens like *Staphylococcus aureus* and *Escherichia coli*. Furthermore, topical applications accelerate wound contraction and collagen deposition in dermal models.<ref name="Kiran2008">Kiran, K., et al. "Evaluation of wound healing and antimicrobial activity of Abutilon indicum Linn." Journal of Ethnopharmacology.</ref>
=== 4. Hypoglycemic and Antidiabetic Effects ===
* '''Traditional Use:''' Traditionally managed under *Meha* conditions.
* '''Mechanism & Scientific Evidence:''' Oral administration of aqueous extracts results in significant blood glucose reduction in diabetic experimental models, acting partly by improving insulin sensitivity and inhibiting carbohydrate digestive enzymes.<ref name="Palanivel2012">Palanivel, M., et al. "Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effect of Abutilon indicum leaf extract in experimental diabetes." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine.</ref>
== Summary of Therapeutic Profile ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"
|+ Therapeutic Applications of *Abutilon indicum*
! Indication
! Active Biomolecules
! Primary Pharmacological Action
|-
| '''Inflammation & Gout (*Vatarakta*)'''
| Flavonoids, Sterols
| Anti-inflammatory, Prostaglandin inhibition
|-
| '''Liver Health & Oxidative Stress'''
| Phenolic compounds, Antioxidants
| Free-radical scavenging, Hepatoprotection
|-
| '''Wound Healing & Infections'''
| Mucilage, Tannins, Alkaloids
| Antimicrobial, Dermal collagen deposition
|-
| '''Metabolic Support (*Meha*)'''
| Glycosides, Active principles
| Hypoglycemic, Enzyme modulation
|}
== Safety, Toxicity, and Dosage ==
* '''Precautions:''' Generally safe at standard therapeutic doses; high doses should be avoided during early pregnancy unless guided by an Ayurvedic physician.
* '''Standard Therapeutic Dosage:'''
** ''Root/Plant Powder (Churna):'' 3–6 g daily.<ref name="API" />
== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="API">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I:13</ref>
<ref name="Kasimala2013">Kasimala, M. B., et al. "Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Abutilon indicum leaf extracts." International Journal of Pharmacology.</ref>
<ref name="Seetharam2002">Seetharam, Y., et al. "Hepatoprotective activity of Abutilon indicum against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats." Fitoterapia.</ref>
<ref name="Kiran2008">Kiran, K., et al. "Evaluation of wound healing and antimicrobial activity of Abutilon indicum Linn." Journal of Ethnopharmacology.</ref>
<ref name="Palanivel2012">Palanivel, M., et al. "Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effect of Abutilon indicum leaf extract in experimental diabetes." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine.</ref>
}}


==Current availability ==
[[Index.php?title=Category:Database of herbs and minerals| Herbs]]
Available
India- All over india
==Current researches ==
https://cb.imsc.res.in/imppat/phytochemical/Abutilon%20indicum


[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
''This article is under development ..''
  This article is under development ..

Latest revision as of 09:56, 13 September 2026


Atibala
Section/Chapter Herb database/Atibala
Botanical name(s) Abutilon indicum L.
Family Malvaceae
Availability Available
Contributors Team Dravyaguna
Year of publication 2026
Publisher Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre
DOI Awaited

Abutilon indicum L., popularly known as Atibala, is an annual or perennial shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions, widely distributed throughout India. In Ayurveda, it is highly revered as a potent tonic (*Balya*), rejuvenative (*Rasayana*), and Vata-Pitta pacifying medicine.[1]

English Name

Indian mallow

Therapeutic Use

Raktapitta (bleeding disorder), Vatarakta (gout), Meha (obstinate urinary disorders)[1]

Synonyms in Charak Samhita

  • Atibala
  • Rishyaprokta – Grows wild, so liked by sages and animals.
  • Kankatika – Fruits resemble a comb.
  • Balika
  • Vatyapushpa – Flowers of atibala resemble flowers of bala.
  • Bhuribala

Ayurvedic Pharmacological Properties

According to classical Ayurvedic pharmacodynamics (Rasa Panchaka), Atibala has the following properties:[1]

Sr. No. Pharmacological Criteria Properties (Ayurvedic Attributes)
1 Taste (Rasa) Sweet (Madhura)
2 Potency (Veerya) Cold (Sheeta)
3 Post-digestion Effect (Vipaka) Sweet (Madhura)
4 Qualities (Guna) Light (Laghu), Unctuous (Snigdha), Slimy (Pichhila)
5 Dosha Action (Karma) Pacifies Vata and Pitta

Reference in Charak Samhita and its Actions

Atibala is prominently documented across multiple therapeutic chapters of the Charaka Samhita:

Sr. No. Reference in Charak Samhita Activity / Formulation / Therapeutic Use
1 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(7) Balya mahakashaya (group of tonics)
2 Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana 8/139 Madhur skanda (group of sweet drugs)
3 Cha.Sa.Sharira Sthana 8/24 Garbhini paricharya (antenatal care)
4 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 1/2/4 In formulation of Amalaka ghrita
5 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/267 As an ingredient of Agurvadi taila
6 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/50 As a yavagu (gruel) dravya
7 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/87 As an ingredient of Trushanadi Ghrita
8 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/159 As an ingredient of Amrutadi taila
9 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/56 As an ingredient of Baladi Ghrita
10 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/62 As an ingredient of Jeevaniya Ghrita
11 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/72 As an ingredient of Jeevakadi mahasneha
12 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/76 As an ingredient of Sthiradi Ghrita/Taila

Dose

  • Powder (Churna): 3 – 6 g daily.[1]

Important Formulations

As per A.P.I.[1]

  • Bala taila
  • Narayana taila
  • Mahanarayana taila

Current Availability

Available

  • In India: Found all over India, particularly in waste places, roadsides, and tropical regions.

Major Phytoconstituents

The pharmacological efficacy of *Abutilon indicum* is attributed to its diverse secondary metabolites distributed across roots, leaves, and seeds:

  • Flavonoids & Alkaloids: Contains active flavonoids, glycosides, and various alkaloidal constituents.
  • Mucilage & Carbohydrates: High concentrations of mucilage present in leaves and roots contributing to demulcent properties.
  • Sterols & Fatty Acids: Beta-sitosterol, gallic acid, and essential oils.

Therapeutic Efficacy & Modern Scientific Research

Modern pharmacological evaluations and experimental studies validate several traditional therapeutic uses of *Abutilon indicum*:

1. Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activity

  • Traditional Use: Indicated in *Vatarakta* (gout) and inflammatory joint discomforts.
  • Mechanism & Scientific Evidence: Experimental studies show that root and leaf extracts significantly reduce acute and chronic inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory mediators and prostaglandin synthesis. The anti-nociceptive profile helps mitigate pain responses in animal models.[2]

2. Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Properties

  • Traditional Use: Used in tissue rejuvenation and general debility.
  • Mechanism & Scientific Evidence: Plant extracts demonstrate substantial free-radical scavenging capacity and restoration of hepatic enzymes. In vivo studies confirm protection against toxin-induced liver damage by enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase.[3]

3. Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Efficacy

  • Traditional Use: Applied locally for skin ulcers, boils, and infections.
  • Mechanism & Scientific Evidence: Extracts exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against common pathogens like *Staphylococcus aureus* and *Escherichia coli*. Furthermore, topical applications accelerate wound contraction and collagen deposition in dermal models.[4]

4. Hypoglycemic and Antidiabetic Effects

  • Traditional Use: Traditionally managed under *Meha* conditions.
  • Mechanism & Scientific Evidence: Oral administration of aqueous extracts results in significant blood glucose reduction in diabetic experimental models, acting partly by improving insulin sensitivity and inhibiting carbohydrate digestive enzymes.[5]

Summary of Therapeutic Profile

Therapeutic Applications of *Abutilon indicum*
Indication Active Biomolecules Primary Pharmacological Action
Inflammation & Gout (*Vatarakta*) Flavonoids, Sterols Anti-inflammatory, Prostaglandin inhibition
Liver Health & Oxidative Stress Phenolic compounds, Antioxidants Free-radical scavenging, Hepatoprotection
Wound Healing & Infections Mucilage, Tannins, Alkaloids Antimicrobial, Dermal collagen deposition
Metabolic Support (*Meha*) Glycosides, Active principles Hypoglycemic, Enzyme modulation

Safety, Toxicity, and Dosage

  • Precautions: Generally safe at standard therapeutic doses; high doses should be avoided during early pregnancy unless guided by an Ayurvedic physician.
  • Standard Therapeutic Dosage:
    • Root/Plant Powder (Churna): 3–6 g daily.[1]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I:13
  2. ↑ Kasimala, M. B., et al. "Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Abutilon indicum leaf extracts." International Journal of Pharmacology.
  3. ↑ Seetharam, Y., et al. "Hepatoprotective activity of Abutilon indicum against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats." Fitoterapia.
  4. ↑ Kiran, K., et al. "Evaluation of wound healing and antimicrobial activity of Abutilon indicum Linn." Journal of Ethnopharmacology.
  5. ↑ Palanivel, M., et al. "Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effect of Abutilon indicum leaf extract in experimental diabetes." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine.

Herbs

This article is under development ..

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