Charak Samhita

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Cissampelos pareira L.
{{#seo:
 
|title=Charak Samhita
 
|titlemode=append
 
|keywords=Patha, Cissampelos pareira, Velvet leaf, Ambasthaki, Ambastha, Prachina, Charak Samhita, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, ancient Ayurveda text, Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, Charak, Charaka Samhita, agnivesha, atreya, gopal basisht, yogesh deole, charak samhita wikipedia edition, charak samhita new edition, charaka samhita new edition, carak samhita new edition, caraka samhita new edition, research on charak samhita, text book charak samhita, fundamental principles of ayurveda, basic concepts of ayurveda,
 
|description=Patha (Cissampelos pareira L.) is a classical Ayurvedic herb referred to in Charak Samhita in Stanyashodhana and Jwarahara Mahakashaya, in the Tikta skandha, and in the management of Atisara, Jwara, Kushtha and other conditions.
 
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
 
|image_alt=charak samhita
 
|type=article
 
}}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cissampelos_pareira Cissampelos pareira L.]
 
{{Infobox
{{Infobox
|title = Patha
|title = Patha
|label1 = Section/Chapter
|label1 = Section/Chapter
|data1 = Herb database/Patha
|data1 = Herb database/Patha
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|data2 = Cissampelos pareira L.
 
|data2 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cissampelos_pareira Cissampelos pareira L.]
 
|label3 = Family
|label3 = Family
|data3 = Menisperrnaceae
 
|data3 = Menispermaceae
 
|label4 = Availability
|label4 = Availability
|data4 = Available
|data4 = Available
|label5 = Contributors
|label5 = Contributors
|data5 = --
 
|data5 = [[Team Dravyaguna]]
 
|label6 = Year of publication  
|label6 = Year of publication  
|data6 =  2025
 
|data6 =  2026
 
|label7 = Publisher  
|label7 = Publisher  
|data7 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|data7 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|label8 = DOI  
|label8 = DOI  
|data8  = Awaited
|data8  = Awaited
}}
}}
'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cissampelos_pareira Cissampelos pareira L.]''', popularly known as '''Patha''', is a perennial climbing shrub of the family Menispermaceae. The dried root is the part used medicinally.<ref name="API1986">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I, Monograph 58 (Patha): 92-93</ref> In [[Ayurveda]] it is described among the drugs used in Stanyashodhana (purification of breast milk), Jwarahara (relieving fever) and Tikta skandha (group of bitter drugs), and it is widely used in the management of Atisara, Jwara and Kushtha. It is a commonly used medicinal plant.


==English name ==  
==English name ==  
Line 24: Line 61:
Velvet leaf
Velvet leaf


==Therapeutic uses<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health nd Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 1 :58</ref>==  
==Therapeutic uses==  
Shula(pain),Atisaraa(diarrhoea),Chardi(vomiting),Jwara(fever),Kandu(itching),Kustha(skin disease),Stanyadushti(disorder of breast milk).
 
Shula (pain), Atisara (diarrhoea), Chardi (vomiting), Jwara (fever), Kandu (itching), Kushtha (skin disease), Stanyadushti (disorder of breast milk)<ref name="API1986" />
 
== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
Patha


==Synonyms in bhavaprakash nighantu<ref> Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Bhavaprakash Nighantu. Reprint Edition 2020, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, guduchyadi varga, verse no.-191,192</ref>==
Patha,Ambashtaki, Aviddhakarni
Ambastha(act as stambhaka) , ambasthaki, prachina, paapachelika(it cure many diseases), ekasthila(fruit of patha will have one seed), rasaa, varatiktika
 
==Synonyms in Bhavaprakash Nighantu==
 
Ambastha (acts as stambhaka), Ambasthaki, Prachina, Papachelika (cures many diseases), Ekasthila (fruit of Patha has one seed), Rasa, Varatiktika<ref name="Bhavaprakash">Chunekar K. Bhavaprakash Nighantu. Reprint Edition 2020, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Guduchyadi varga, verse no. 191-192</ref>
 
==Varieties==
==Varieties==
==Kaiyadeva nighantu==
 
===Kaiyadeva Nighantu===
 
# Patha
# Patha
# Kuchelika
# Kuchelika
 
== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==  
== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==  


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Properties  
|+ Properties  
|-
|-
! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
|-
|-
| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]])||Katu(pungent), Tikta(bitter)
 
| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]]) || Pungent (katu), Bitter (tikta)
 
|-
|-
| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) ||Hot(Ushna)
 
| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) || Hot (ushna)
 
|-
|-
| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) ||Pungent (Katu)
 
| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Pungent (katu)
 
|-
|-
| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])|| Light (Laghu),sharp(Tikshna)
 
| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])|| Light (laghu), Sharp (tikshna)
 
|-
|-
| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Bhagnasandhankruta, Grahi, Raktashodhaka, Visaghna,Tridoshashamana , Stanyashodhana
 
| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Bhagnasandhankruta, Grahi, Raktashodhaka, Vishaghna, Tridoshashamana, Stanyashodhana
 
|-
|-
| 6 || Extra ordinary effect ([[prabhava]]) || --
|}
|}


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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Herbs and their activities
|+ Herbs and their activities
|-
|-
! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity  
! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity  
|-
|-
| 1 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/12||As an ingredient of stanyashodhana(galacto-purifiers) mahakashaya
| 1 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(5) || As an ingredient of Sandhaniya mahakashaya (with name of Ambashtaki)
 
|-
|-
| 2 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/16||As an ingredient of Jwarahara(relieving fever) mahakashya
 
| 2 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/12 || As an ingredient of stanyashodhana(galacto-purifiers) mahakashaya
 
|-
|-
| 3 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 23/10||Use as an ingredient of decoction in Management of santarpana-induced diseases
 
| 3 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/16 || As an ingredient of Jwarahara(relieving fever) mahakashya
 
|-
|-
| 4 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 23/12||Use as an ingredient of decoction in Management of santarpana-induced diseases
 
| 4 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 23/10 || Use as an ingredient of decoction in Management of santarpana-induced diseases
 
|-
|-
| 5 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 23/19||Use as an ingredient of decoction in Management of santarpana-induced diseases
 
| 5 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 23/12 || Use as an ingredient of decoction in Management of santarpana-induced diseases
 
|-
|-
| 6 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/88||Shaka varga (Class of vegetables)
 
| 6 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 23/19 || Use as an ingredient of decoction in Management of santarpana-induced diseases
 
|-
|-
| 7 ||Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/135||As an ingredient of List of medicines used in therapeutic emesis.


| 7 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/88 || Shaka varga (Class of vegetables)


|-
|-
|8||Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/143||Tikta skandha (group of bitter drugs).
 
| 8 ||Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/135 || As an ingredient of List of medicines used in therapeutic emesis
 
|-
|-
|9||Cha.Sa.[[Sharia Sthana]] 8/56||As an ingredient of kshira vishodhna Dravya.
 
| 9 ||Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/143 || Tikta skandha (group of bitter drugs)
 
|-
|-
|10||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/199||As an ingredient of Decoctions indicated in jwara
 
| 10 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/56 || As an ingredient of kshira vishodhna Dravya
 
|-
|-
|11||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/201||As an ingredient of Kashaya use in vishama jwara
 
| 11 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/199 || As an ingredient of Decoctions indicated in jwara
 
|-
|-
|12||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/204||As an ingredient of Kashaya use in jwara
 
| 12 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/201 || As an ingredient of Kashaya use in vishama jwara
 
|-
|-
|13||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/211||As an ingredient of Formulations used in sannipata jwara
 
| 13 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/204 || As an ingredient of Kashaya use in jwara
 
|-
|-
|14||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/79||As an ingredient of Hingvadi churna and gutika
 
| 14 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/211 || As an ingredient of Formulations used in sannipata jwara
 
|-
|-
|15||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 6/27||As an ingredient of Decoctions for kaphaja prameha
 
|15 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/267||As an ingredient of Agurvadi taila. (with the name of Ambashtaki)
 
|-
|-
|16||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 6/28||As an ingredient of Decoctions for kaphaja prameha
 
| 16 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/79 || As an ingredient of Hingvadi churna and gutika
 
|-
|-
|17||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 6/32||As an ingredient of Decoctions for pittaja prameha
 
| 17 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 6/27 || As an ingredient of Decoctions for kaphaja prameha
 
|-
|-
|18||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/103||As an ingredient of medicated oil use in kushtha(skin diseases)
 
| 18 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 6/28 || As an ingredient of Decoctions for kaphaja prameha
 
|-
|-
|19||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/113||As an ingredient of Kanakaksheeri taila
 
| 19 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 6/32 || As an ingredient of Decoctions for pittaja prameha
 
|-
|-
|20||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/144||As an ingredient of Mahatiktaka ghee
 
| 20 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/103 || As an ingredient of medicated oil use in kushtha(skin diseases)
 
|-
|-
|21||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/126||As a yoga Dravya in Treatment of diarrhea
 
| 21 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/113 || As an ingredient of Kanakaksheeri taila
 
|-
|-
|22||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/128||As a yoga Dravya in Treatment of diarrhea
 
| 22 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/144 || As an ingredient of Mahatiktaka ghee
 
|-
|-
|23||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/20||As an ingredient of Mahapanchagavya ghee
 
| 23 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/126 || As a yoga Dravya in Treatment of diarrhea
 
|-
|-
|24||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 11/16||Use in treatment of atisara in kshata kshina disease
 
| 24 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/128 || As a yoga Dravya in Treatment of diarrhea
 
|-
|-
|25||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/41||Yoga Dravya in treatment of edema
 
| 25 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/20 || As an ingredient of Mahapanchagavya ghee
 
|-
|-
|26||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/62||As a yoga Dravya for pachana in hemorrhoids patients
 
| 26 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 11/16 || Use in treatment of atisara in kshata kshina disease
 
|-
|-
|27||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/69||As a yoga Dravya
 
| 27 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/41 || Yoga Dravya in treatment of edema
 
|-
|-
|28||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/90||As an ingredient of peya
 
| 28 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/62 || As a yoga Dravya for pachana in hemorrhoids patients
 
|-
|-
|29||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/98||As a yoga Dravya for Treatment of hemorrhoids with constipated bowels
 
| 29 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/69 || As a yoga Dravya
 
|-
|-
|30||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/99||As a yoga Dravya for Treatment of hemorrhoids with constipated bowels
 
| 30 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/90 || As an ingredient of peya
 
|-
|-
|31||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/100||As a yoga Dravya for Treatment of hemorrhoids with constipated bowels
 
| 31 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/98 || As a yoga Dravya for Treatment of hemorrhoids with constipated bowels
 
|-
|-
|32||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/107||As an ingredient of Chavyadi ghrita
 
| 32 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/99 || As a yoga Dravya for Treatment of hemorrhoids with constipated bowels
 
|-
|-
|33||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/110||As an ingredient of Nagaradi ghirta
 
| 33 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/100 || As a yoga Dravya for Treatment of hemorrhoids with constipated bowels
 
|-
|-
|34||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/113||As an ingredient of Pippalyadi ghrita
 
| 34 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/107 || As an ingredient of Chavyadi ghrita
 
|-
|-
|35||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/148||As an ingredient of Phalarishta
 
| 35 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/110 || As an ingredient of Nagaradi ghirta
 
|-
|-
|36||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/153||As an ingredient of Phalarishta
 
| 36 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/113 || As an ingredient of Pippalyadi ghrita
 
|-
|-
|37||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/159||As an ingredient of Kanakarishta
 
| 37 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/148 || As an ingredient of Phalarishta
 
|-
|-
|38||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/195||As a yoga Dravya  for treatment of hemorrhoids
 
| 38 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/153 || As an ingredient of Phalarishta
 
|-
|-
|39||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/230||As an ingredient of Hriveradi Ghrita
 
| 39 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/159 || As an ingredient of Kanakarishta
 
|-
|-
|40||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/237||As an ingredient of Sunnishannak changeri ghrita
 
| 40 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/195 || As a yoga Dravya  for treatment of hemorrhoids
 
|-
|-
|41||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/103||As a kwath Dravya
 
| 41 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/230 || As an ingredient of Hriveradi Ghrita
 
|-
|-
|42||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/106||As a yoga Dravya
 
| 42 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/237 || As an ingredient of Sunnishannak changeri ghrita
 
|-
|-
|43||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/125||As an ingredient of Chandanadya ghrita
 
| 43 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/103 || As a kwath Dravya
 
|-
|-
|44||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/129||As an ingredient of Nagaradya churna
 
| 44 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/106 || As a yoga Dravya
 
|-
|-
|45||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/134||As an ingredient of Bhunimbadya churna
 
| 45 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/125 || As an ingredient of Chandanadya ghrita
 
|-
|-
|46||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/135||As an ingredient of Bhunimbadya churna
 
| 46 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/129 || As an ingredient of Nagaradya churna
 
|-
|-
|47||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/142||As a yoga Dravya in treatment of kaphaja grahani
 
| 47 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/134 || As an ingredient of Bhunimbadya churna
 
|-
|-
|48||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/173||As an ingredient of Ksharaghrita
 
| 48 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/135 || As an ingredient of Bhunimbadya churna
 
|-
|-
|49||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/179||As a yoga Dravya in kshara Kalpana
 
| 49 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/142 || As a yoga Dravya in treatment of kaphaja grahani
 
|-
|-
|50||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/186||As an ingredient of Chaturtha-kshara
 
| 50 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/173 || As an ingredient of Ksharaghrita
 
|-
|-
|51||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/188||As an ingredient of Panchamakshara
 
| 51 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/179 || As a yoga Dravya in kshara Kalpana
 
|-
|-
|52||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/119||Use in Treatment of mrittika bhakshanajanya pandu
 
| 52 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/186 || As an ingredient of Chaturtha-kshara
 
|-
|-
|53||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/106||As a main ingredient in Pathadyasava
 
| 53 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/188 || As an ingredient of Panchamakshara
 
|-
|-
|54||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/36||As an ingredient of Pippalyadi ghrita
 
| 54 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/119 || Use in Treatment of mrittika bhakshanajanya pandu
 
|-
|-
|55||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/114||As a yoga Dravya in treatment of kaphaja kasa (cough)
 
| 55 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/106 || As a main ingredient in Pathadyasava
 
|-
|-
|56||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/158||As an ingredient of Dvi-panchamuladi ghritam
 
| 56 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/36 || As an ingredient of Pippalyadi ghrita
 
|-
|-
|57||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/161||As an ingredient of Guduchyadi ghritam
 
| 57 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/114 || As a yoga Dravya in treatment of kaphaja kasa (cough)
 
|-
|-
|58||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/163||As an ingredient of ghrita Dravya use in kasa(cough)
 
| 58 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/158 || As an ingredient of Dvi-panchamuladi ghritam
 
|-
|-
|59||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/176||As an ingredient of Padmakadi leha
 
| 59 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/161 || As an ingredient of Guduchyadi ghritam
 
|-
|-
|60||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/26||Use in treatment of vataja atisara
 
| 60 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/163 || As an ingredient of ghrita Dravya use in kasa(cough)
 
|-
|-
|61||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/33||Use in Management of diarrhea associated with pain
 
| 61 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/176 || As an ingredient of Padmakadi leha
 
|-
|-
|62||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/54||Use in treatment of pittaja atisara
 
| 62 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/26 || Use in treatment of vataja atisara
 
|-
|-
|63||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/105||As a yoga Dravya use in treatment of kaphaja atisara
 
| 63 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/33 || Use in Management of diarrhea associated with pain
 
|-
|-
|64||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/107||As a yoga Dravya use in treatment of kaphaja atisara
 
| 64 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/54 || Use in treatment of pittaja atisara
 
|-
|-
|65||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/110||As a yoga Dravya use in treatment of kaphaja atisara
 
| 65 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/105 || As a yoga Dravya use in treatment of kaphaja atisara
 
|-
|-
|66||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/212||As a ingredient of agada yoga(antidote of poison)
 
| 66 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/107 || As a yoga Dravya use in treatment of kaphaja atisara
 
|-
|-
|67||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/244||As a ingredient of Amrita Ghee
 
| 67 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/110 || As a yoga Dravya use in treatment of kaphaja atisara
 
|-
|-
|68||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/60||As a yoga Dravya use in Treatment of dysuria caused by calculus and gravel
 
| 68 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/212 || As a ingredient of agada yoga(antidote of poison)
 
|-
|-
|69||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/145||As a yoga Dravya use in Treatment of pittaja pinasa(rhinitis)
 
| 69 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/244 || As a ingredient of Amrita Ghee
 
|-
|-
|70||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/189||As a yoga Dravya use in Treatment of diseases of the mouth
 
| 70 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/60 || As a yoga Dravya use in Treatment of dysuria caused by calculus and gravel
 
|-
|-
|71||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/191||As a yoga Dravya use in Treatment of diseases of the mouth
 
| 71 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/145 || As a yoga Dravya use in Treatment of pittaja pinasa(rhinitis)
 
|-
|-
|72||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/194||As a yoga Dravya use in Treatment of diseases of the mouth
 
| 72 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/189 || As a yoga Dravya use in Treatment of diseases of the mouth
 
|-
|-
|73||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/199||As a yoga Dravya use in Treatment of diseases of the mouth
 
| 73 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/191 || As a yoga Dravya use in Treatment of diseases of the mouth
 
|-
|-
|74||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/201||As a yoga Dravya use in Treatment of diseases of the mouth
 
| 74 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/194 || As a yoga Dravya use in Treatment of diseases of the mouth
 
|-
|-
|75||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/205||As a yoga Dravya use in Treatment of diseases of the mouth
 
| 75 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/199 || As a yoga Dravya use in Treatment of diseases of the mouth
 
|-
|-
|76||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/34||Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 27/34
 
| 76 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/201 || As a yoga Dravya use in Treatment of diseases of the mouth
 
|-
|-
|77||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/37||As a yoga Dravya use in treatment of urustambha
 
| 77 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/205 || As a yoga Dravya use in Treatment of diseases of the mouth
 
|-
|-
|78||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/42||As an ingredient of Piluparnyadi taila
 
| 78 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/34 || As a yoga Dravya use in treatment of urustambha
 
|-
|-
|79||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/90||As an ingredient of Pushyanuga churna
 
| 79 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/37 || As a yoga Dravya use in treatment of urustambha
 
|-
|-
|80||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/266||Use as a yoga Dravya in treatment of vitiated breast milk
 
| 80 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/42 || As an ingredient of Piluparnyadi taila
 
|-
|-
|81||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/276||Use as a yoga Dravya in treatment of vitiated breast milk
 
| 81 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/91 || As an ingredient of Pushyanuga churna (with name of Ambashtha)
 
|-
 
| 82 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/266 || Use as a yoga Dravya in treatment of vitiated breast milk
 
|-
|-
|82||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/277||Use as a yoga Dravya in treatment of vitiated breast milk
 
| 83 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/276 || Use as a yoga Dravya in treatment of vitiated breast milk
 
|-
|-
|83||Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 1/22||As a yoga dravya
 
| 84 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/277 || Use as a yoga Dravya in treatment of vitiated breast milk
 
|-
|-
|84||Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/58||As an ingredient of purgation formulation use in winter
 
| 85 ||Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 1/22 || As a yoga dravya
 
|-
|-
|85||Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 3/56||As a basti Dravya use in kaphaja disease
 
| 86 ||Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/58 || As an ingredient of purgation formulation use in winter
 
|-
|-
|86||Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 3/59||As a basti Dravya  
 
| 87 ||Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 3/56 || As a basti Dravya use in kaphaja disease
 
|-
|-
|87||Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 3/61||As a basti Dravya
 
| 88 ||Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 3/59 || As a basti Dravya
 
|-
|-
|88||Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 3/63||As a basti Dravya
 
| 89 ||Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 3/61 || As a basti Dravya
 
|-
|-
|89||Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 4/19||As an ingredient of Unctuous enema for kapha disorders
 
| 90 ||Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 3/63 || As a basti Dravya
 
|-
|-
|90||Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 12/18||As an ingredient of Sthiradi yapana basti
 
| 91 ||Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 4/19 || As an ingredient of Unctuous enema for kapha disorders
 
|-
|-
| 92 ||Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 12/18 || As an ingredient of Sthiradi yapana basti
|-
|}
|}


==Dose<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health nd Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 1 :58</ref>==
==Dose==
* 3-6 gm powder
 
==Important formulation<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health nd Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 1 :58</ref>==
3-6 gm of the drug in the powder form.<ref name="API1986" />
 
==Important Formulations==
 
As per A.P.I.<ref name="API1986" />
 
* Bruhatagangadhara churna
* Bruhatagangadhara churna
* Pushyanuga churna
* Pushyanuga churna
Line 255: Line 510:
* Sarsvata ghruta
* Sarsvata ghruta
* Stanyashodhana kashaya churna
* Stanyashodhana kashaya churna
==Phytoconstituents==
{| class="wikitable"
! Sr.no. !! Class !! Major compounds / Remarks
|-
| 1 || Isoquinoline alkaloids || Magnoflorine, magnocurarine, cissamine, curine, hayatinine and cycleanine were isolated along with one new isoquinoline alkaloid; magnoflorine and magnocurarine were isolated from C. pareira for the first time. The content of the main compounds was higher in the rainy season.<ref name="Bala2019">{{cite journal |last1=Bala |first1=M. |last2=Kumar |first2=S. |last3=Pratap |first3=K. |last4=Verma |first4=P. K. |last5=Padwad |first5=Y. |last6=Singh |first6=B. |year=2019 |title=Bioactive isoquinoline alkaloids from Cissampelos pareira |journal=Natural Product Research |volume=33 |issue=5 |pages=622–627}}</ref>
|-
| 2 || Flavonoids || UHPLC-MS (Q-Orbitrap) analysis of the most active fraction of an alcoholic extract identified five possible flavonoids.<ref name="Ricciardi2018">{{cite journal |last1=Ricciardi Verrastro |first1=B. V. |last2=Torres |first2=A. M. |last3=Ricciardi |first3=G. A. L. |last4=Teibler |first4=G. P. |last5=Maruñak |first5=S. L. |last6=Barnaba |first6=C. |last7=Larcher |first7=R. |last8=Nicolini |first8=G. |last9=Dellacassa |first9=E. S. |year=2018 |title=The effects of Cissampelos pareira extract on envenomation induced by Bothrops diporus snake venom |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |volume=212 |pages=36–42}}</ref>
|}
Further compounds reported for the plant are listed in the [https://cb.imsc.res.in/imppat/phytochemical/Cissampelos%20pareira IMPPAT database].
==Therapeutic Efficacy: Scientific Evidence==
The studies below were carried out on extracts of different parts of Cissampelos pareira (root or aerial parts, as named in each study) in cell culture and in animals. They are not identical to classical Ayurvedic preparations of Patha and should be read as supportive evidence only.
===Fever (Jwara)===
An alcoholic extract of Cissampelos pareira inhibited all four dengue virus serotypes in cell-based assays, reduced viral titres by about one order of magnitude and protected AG129 mice against dengue infection. In Wistar rats it showed antipyretic activity and lowered production of TNF-α, and no toxicity was seen at doses up to 2 g/kg body weight for up to one week. The plant screening used the aerial part, not the root described by the API.<ref name="Sood2015">{{cite journal |last1=Sood |first1=R. |last2=Raut |first2=R. |last3=Tyagi |first3=P. |last4=Pareek |first4=P. K. |last5=Barman |first5=T. K. |last6=Singhal |first6=S. |last7=Shirumalla |first7=R. K. |last8=Kanoje |first8=V. |last9=Subbarayan |first9=R. |last10=Rajerethinam |first10=R. |last11=Sharma |first11=N. |last12=Kanaujia |first12=A. |last13=Shukla |first13=G. |last14=Gupta |first14=Y. K. |last15=Katiyar |first15=C. K. |last16=Bhatnagar |first16=P. K. |last17=Upadhyay |first17=D. J. |last18=Swaminathan |first18=S. |last19=Khanna |first19=N. |year=2015 |title=Cissampelos pareira Linn: natural source of potent antiviral activity against all four dengue virus serotypes |journal=PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |volume=9 |issue=12 |pages=e0004255}}</ref>
===Anti-inflammatory activity (Shotha)===
A 50% ethanolic extract of the roots, given orally to rats at 200 and 400 mg/kg, showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in acute (carrageenin, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and prostaglandin E2-induced paw oedema), subacute (formaldehyde) and chronic (cotton pellet granuloma) models. Carrageenin-induced oedema was reduced by 59.55% and 64.04% at the two doses. The extract caused no gastric lesions and no toxicity or mortality up to 1000 mg/kg.<ref name="Amresh2007">{{cite journal |last1=Amresh |first1=G. |last2=Reddy |first2=G. D. |last3=Rao |first3=C. V. |last4=Singh |first4=P. N. |year=2007 |title=Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Cissampelos pareira root in rats |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |volume=110 |issue=3 |pages=526–531}}</ref>
===Diarrhoea (Atisara)===
A hydroethanolic root extract (25-100 mg/kg, orally) reduced the total number of faecal droppings in rats in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited castor oil-induced diarrhoea by 29.2-60.0%. It also reduced intestinal fluid accumulation (26.0-59.0%) and gastrointestinal transit.<ref name="Amresh2004">{{cite journal |last1=Amresh |first1=G. |last2=Reddy |first2=G. D. |last3=Rao |first3=C. V. |last4=Shirwaikar |first4=A. |year=2004 |title=Ethnomedical value of Cissampelos pareira extract in experimentally induced diarrhoea |journal=Acta Pharmaceutica |volume=54 |pages=27–35}}</ref>
===Snake bite (Visha)===
Extracts of the aerial parts and roots, collected in Argentina, were tested against the venom of the pit viper Bothrops diporus. The alcoholic extract was the most active and showed inhibitory effects in both in vitro and in vivo models. The authors suggest that certain flavonoids may reduce the local tissue damage caused by the venom. The venom studied is of a South American snake, not an Indian species.<ref name="Ricciardi2018" />
===Research gaps===
Studies on the other API indications (Chardi, Kandu, Kushtha and Stanyadushti) and human clinical trials of Patha root preparations are not included here. Further well-designed studies using classical Patha preparations are needed.


== Current availability==  
== Current availability==  
Line 260: Line 557:
Available  
Available  


== Current researches ==
==References==
https://cb.imsc.res.in/imppat/phytochemical/Cissampelos%20pareira


{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="API1986">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I, Monograph 58 (Patha): 92-93</ref>
<ref name="Bhavaprakash">Chunekar K. Bhavaprakash Nighantu. Reprint Edition 2020, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Guduchyadi varga, verse no. 191-192</ref>
<ref name="Bala2019">{{cite journal |last1=Bala |first1=M. |last2=Kumar |first2=S. |last3=Pratap |first3=K. |last4=Verma |first4=P. K. |last5=Padwad |first5=Y. |last6=Singh |first6=B. |year=2019 |title=Bioactive isoquinoline alkaloids from Cissampelos pareira |journal=Natural Product Research |volume=33 |issue=5 |pages=622–627}}</ref>
<ref name="Ricciardi2018">{{cite journal |last1=Ricciardi Verrastro |first1=B. V. |last2=Torres |first2=A. M. |last3=Ricciardi |first3=G. A. L. |last4=Teibler |first4=G. P. |last5=Maruñak |first5=S. L. |last6=Barnaba |first6=C. |last7=Larcher |first7=R. |last8=Nicolini |first8=G. |last9=Dellacassa |first9=E. S. |year=2018 |title=The effects of Cissampelos pareira extract on envenomation induced by Bothrops diporus snake venom |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |volume=212 |pages=36–42}}</ref>
<ref name="Sood2015">{{cite journal |last1=Sood |first1=R. |last2=Raut |first2=R. |last3=Tyagi |first3=P. |last4=Pareek |first4=P. K. |last5=Barman |first5=T. K. |last6=Singhal |first6=S. |last7=Shirumalla |first7=R. K. |last8=Kanoje |first8=V. |last9=Subbarayan |first9=R. |last10=Rajerethinam |first10=R. |last11=Sharma |first11=N. |last12=Kanaujia |first12=A. |last13=Shukla |first13=G. |last14=Gupta |first14=Y. K. |last15=Katiyar |first15=C. K. |last16=Bhatnagar |first16=P. K. |last17=Upadhyay |first17=D. J. |last18=Swaminathan |first18=S. |last19=Khanna |first19=N. |year=2015 |title=Cissampelos pareira Linn: natural source of potent antiviral activity against all four dengue virus serotypes |journal=PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |volume=9 |issue=12 |pages=e0004255}}</ref>
<ref name="Amresh2007">{{cite journal |last1=Amresh |first1=G. |last2=Reddy |first2=G. D. |last3=Rao |first3=C. V. |last4=Singh |first4=P. N. |year=2007 |title=Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Cissampelos pareira root in rats |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |volume=110 |issue=3 |pages=526–531}}</ref>
<ref name="Amresh2004">{{cite journal |last1=Amresh |first1=G. |last2=Reddy |first2=G. D. |last3=Rao |first3=C. V. |last4=Shirwaikar |first4=A. |year=2004 |title=Ethnomedical value of Cissampelos pareira extract in experimentally induced diarrhoea |journal=Acta Pharmaceutica |volume=54 |pages=27–35}}</ref>
}}


[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
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