Charak Samhita

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|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|data2 = Piper nigrum L.
|data2 = Piper nigrum L.
|label3 = Contributors
|label3 = Family
|data3 = --
|data3 = Piperaceae
|label4 = Year of publication  
|label4 = Availability
|data4 =  2021
|data4 = Available
|label5 = Publisher  
|label5 = Contributors
|data5 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|data5 = --
|label6 = DOI  
|label6 = Year of publication  
|data6 = Awaited
|data6 =  2025
|label7 = Publisher  
|data7 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|label8 = DOI  
|data8 = Awaited
}}
}}


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Black Pepper
Black Pepper


== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
==Therapeutic uses==
Swasa, sula, krumiroga, tavakaroga<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :53</ref>
 
==Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
Maricha, Vellaja(plant is climber), Krushna(fruits are black in colour), Ushana(causing burning sensation), Suvruta, Katu(pungent taste), Dharmapatana(maricha is stored in ports as an item to export to different countries)
 
==Varieties==
===Raja Nighantu===
Mentioned 2 types of varieties<ref>Dr. Indradev Tripathi , Raja Nighantu of pandit Narhari, ed.2006, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, pippalyadi varga verse no- 32,34</ref>
# Maricha
# Sweta maricha


Maricha, Vellaja, Krushna, Ushana, Suvruta, Katu, Dharmapatana,


== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==  
== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==  
Line 53: Line 66:
| 1 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/3 || Sirovirechana (Errhine therapy)
| 1 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/3 || Sirovirechana (Errhine therapy)
|-
|-
| 2 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/23 || Krimighniyavagu
| 2 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/23 || Krimighniyavagu (Gruel for krimi (worm infestation)
|-
|-
| 3 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(6) || Deepaniyamahakashay
| 3 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(6) || Deepaniya (Appetisers)mahakashaya
|-
|-
| 4 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(15) || Krimighnamahakashay
| 4 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(15) || Krimighna (anti-helmintics)mahakashaya
|-
|-
| 5 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(27) || Shirovirechanopagmahakashay
| 5 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(27) || Shirovirechanopag ( helping nasal errhine therapy)mahakashaya
|-
|-
| 6 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(45) || Shoolaprashamanmahakashaya
| 6 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(45) || Shoolaprashaman (anti-spasmodics)mahakashaya
|-
|-
| 7 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/298  
| 7 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/298  
Line 67: Line 80:
|-
|-
| 8 ||Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/142  
| 8 ||Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/142  
| Katuskandha
| Katuskandha (group of pungent drugs)
|-
|-
| 9 ||Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/15 || Preparations of Trivruta
| 9 ||Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/15 || Preparations of Trivruta
Line 115: Line 128:
|21
|21
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/65
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/65
|Ingredient in Trayushanaadi  ghrit
|Ingredient in Trayushanaadi  ghrita
|-
|-
|22
|22
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/69
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/69
|Ingredient of Hingusauvarchaladya  ghrit
|Ingredient of Hingusauvarchaladya  ghrita
|-
|-
|23
|23
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/71
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/71
|Ingredient of Hapushadya  ghrit
|Ingredient of Hapushadya  ghrita
|-
|-
|24
|24
Line 143: Line 156:
|28
|28
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/61
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/61
|Ingredient in Kushthaghna  Yog
|Ingredient in Kushthaghna  Yoga
|-
|-
|29
|29
Line 159: Line 172:
|32
|32
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/87
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/87
|Bahyaprayogarth lepa in Kushth   
|Bahyaprayogarth lepa in Kushth (external application)
|-
|-
|33
|33
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/109
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/109
|Ingredient in Tiktekshvadi  Tail
|Ingredient in Tiktekshvadi  Taila


For Abhyang in Vata-Kaphaj  Kushth
For Abhyang in Vata-Kaphaj  Kushth(skin disease)
|-
|-
|34
|34
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/113
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/113
|Ingredient in Kanakakshiri  Tail
|Ingredient in Kanakakshiri  Taila
|-
|-
|35
|35
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|38
|38
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/34
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/34
|Ingredient in Hingvadi  Ghrit
|Ingredient in Hingvadi  Ghrita
|-
|-
|39
|39
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/49
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/49
|Ingredient in Lasunadya  Ghrit
|Ingredient in Lasunadya  Ghrita
|-
|-
|40
|40
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/54
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/54
|Ingredient in Apara  lasunadya Ghrit
|Ingredient in Apara  lasunadya Ghrita
|-
|-
|41
|41
Line 213: Line 226:
|45
|45
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/20
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/20
|Ingredient in Mahapanchagavya  Ghrit
|Ingredient in Mahapanchagavya  Ghrita
|-
|-
|46
|46
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/43
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/43
|As a Nasya dravya
|As a Nasya dravya(nasal errhines)
|-
|-
|47
|47
Line 229: Line 242:
|49
|49
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 11/40
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 11/40
|Ingredient in Amrutprash  Ghrit
|Ingredient in Amrutprash  Ghrita
|-
|-
|50
|50
Line 245: Line 258:
|53
|53
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/21
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/21
|In treatment of Kaphaj  Svayathu
|In treatment of Kaphaj  Svayathu(oedema)
|-
|-
|54
|54
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/24
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/24
|In treatment of Vataj  Svayathu
|In treatment of Vataj  Svayathu(oedema)
|-
|-
|55
|55
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/25
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/25
|In treatment of Vataj  Svayathu
|In treatment of Vataj  Svayathu(oedema)
|-
|-
|56
|56
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/27
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/27
|For bhinna varch in  treatment of Vataj Svayathu
|For bhinna varch in  treatment of Vataj Svayathu(oedema)
|-
|-
|57
|57
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|63
|63
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/55
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/55
|Ingredient in Chitrakadi  Ghrit
|Ingredient in Chitrakadi  Ghrita
|-
|-
|64
|64
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/62
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/62
|As a Pathya Diet In  treatment of Shvayathu
|As a Pathya Diet In  treatment of Shvayathu(oedema)
|-
|-
|65
|65
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/102
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/102
|In treatment  of sannipata udararoga
|In treatment  of sannipata udararoga(Generalized enlargement of Abdomen)
|-
|-
|66
|66
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/103  
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/103  
|In treatment  of kaphodara(takraprayoga)  
|In treatment  of kaphodara(takraprayoga)(Generalized enlargement of Abdomen)  
|-
|-
|67
|67
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|80
|80
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/102
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/102
|In condition  of chhardi,arsha,granthi,shoola
|In condition  of chhardi,arsha,granthi,shoola(vomiting, analpolyp with pellet stool, pain in abdomen)
|-
|-
|81
|81
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/105
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/105
|Marica should  be given with ajaji,haritaki etc.
|Marica should  be given with ajaji,haritaki etc
|-
|-
|82
|82
Line 397: Line 410:
|91
|91
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/129  
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/129  
|Used as Pathya in Shakhashrit Kamla
|Used as Pathya in Shakhashrit Kamla(kamala in body tissue with obstructive pathology)
|-
|-
|92
|92
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]]  
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/97, 17/98, 17/100
 
17/97, 17/98, 17/100
|Used in yusha  preparation for hikka svasa
|Used in yusha  preparation for hikka svasa
|-
|-
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|95
|95
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/71  
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/71  
|As an ingredient  of praproundarika dhuma.
|As an ingredient  of praproundarika dhuma
|-
|-
|96
|96
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/73
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/73
|As an ingredient  of dhumapan yoga.
|As an ingredient  of dhumapan yoga
|-
|-
|97
|97
Line 431: Line 442:
|99
|99
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/107
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/107
|As an ingredient of ajajyadi churna.
|As an ingredient of ajajyadi churna
|-
|-
|100
|100
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|101
|101
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/35
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/35
 
|As a pathya  ahara in kaphaja chhardi
|As a pathya  ahara in kaphaja chhardi.
|-
|-
|102
|102
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/39
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/39
|As an ingredient  of Manahshiladi yoga.
|As an ingredient  of Manahshiladi yoga
|-
|-
|103
|103
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/50
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/50


|For sangya -sthapana in 6<sup>th</sup> vega of  visha.
|For sangya -sthapana in 6<sup>th</sup> vega of  visha
|-
|-
|104
|104
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/183
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/183
|Used in netra - gata visha, as a anjana prayoga.
|Used in netra - gata visha, as a anjana prayoga
|-
|-
|105
|105
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/193
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/193
|As an ingredient of Sindhuvaradi yoga.
|As an ingredient of Sindhuvaradi yoga
|-
|-
|106
|106
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/127
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/127
|Used in vataja madatyaya with Dadima swarasa.
|Used in vataja madatyaya(Intoxication)  with Dadima swarasa
|-
|-
|107
|107
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/128
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/128
|Used as swarasa in Vataja  madatyaya.
|Used as swarasa in Vataja  madatyaya(Intoxication)
|-
|-
|108
|108
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/172
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/172
|As an ingredient of Vyosha  yusha.
|As an ingredient of Vyosha  yusha
|-
|-
|109
|109
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/177
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/177
|As an ingredient of  Ashtanga lavana. (Kaphaja madatyaya)
|As an ingredient of  Ashtanga lavana (Kaphaja madatyaya)
|-
|-
|110
|110
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/181
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/181
|Used as raga in kaphaja  madatyaya.
|Used as raga in kaphaja  madatyaya (madatyaya)
|-
|-
|111
|111
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/183
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/183
|Used in pachana.
|Used in pachana(digestant)
|-
|-
|112
|112
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/13
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/13
|Used to make Udavarta  varti.
|Used to make Udavarta  varti
|-
|-
|113
|113
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/55
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/55
|As an ingredient of  Vyoshadi churn used in Kaphaja mutrakruchhra.
|As an ingredient of  Vyoshadi churn used in Kaphaja mutrakruchhra(dysuria)
|-
|-
|114
|114
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/60
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/60
|As an ingredient of  Pashanbhedadi  churna.
|As an ingredient of  Pashanbhedadi  churna
|-
|-
|115
|115
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/87
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/87
|As an ingredient of Trushanadi Ghrita.
|As an ingredient of Trushanadi Ghrita
|-
|-
|116
|116
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/98
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/98
|As an ingredient of  Udumbaravleha.
|As an ingredient of  Udumbaravleha
|-
|-
|117
|117
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/138
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/138
|Used in vataja  pratishyaya.
|Used in vataja  pratishyaya
|-
|-
|118
|118
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/150
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/150
|Used in Kaphaja  Pratishyaya.
|Used in Kaphaja  Pratishyaya
|-
|-
|119
|119
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/152
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/152
|Used in Kaphaja  Pratishyaya for pradhamana.
|Used in Kaphaja  Pratishyaya for pradhamana
|-
|-
|120
|120
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/156
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/156
|Pathya anna in kaphaja  pratishyaya.
|Pathya anna in kaphaja  pratishyaya
|-
|-
|121
|121
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/186
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/186
|Used in Kaphaja Siroroga  for Avapeeda nasya.
|Used in Kaphaja Siroroga  for Avapeeda nasya
|-
|-
|122
|122
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/192
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/192
|As an ingredient of Kshara  gutika.
|As an ingredient of Kshara  gutika
|-
|-
|123
|123
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/194
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/194
|As an ingredient of Kalak  churna.
|As an ingredient of Kalak  churna
|-
|-
|124
|124
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/198
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/198
|As an ingredient of  Mrudvikadi churna.
|As an ingredient of  Mrudvikadi churna
|-
|-
|125
|125
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/216,217
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/216,217
|Used in Kavala in  Arochaka.
|Used in Kavala in  Arochaka
|-
|-
|126
|126
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/219
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/219
|Used in arochaka nashaka  vati.
|Used in arochaka nashaka  vati
|-
|-
|127
|127
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/242
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/242
|As an ingredient of  Saindhavadi churna.
|As an ingredient of  Saindhavadi churna
|-
|-
|128
|128
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/247
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/247
|As an ingredient of  Churnanjana.
|As an ingredient of  Churnanjana
|-
|-
|129
|129
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/252
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/252
|As an ingredient of  Sukhavati varti.
|As an ingredient of  Sukhavati varti
|-
|-
|130
|130
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/261
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/261
|As an ingredient of  Dhatryadi rasakriya.
|As an ingredient of  Dhatryadi rasakriya
|-
|-
|131
|131
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/287
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/287
|Used in Kaphaja swarbheda.
|Used in Kaphaja swarbheda
|-
|-
|132
|132
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/152
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/152
|As an ingredient of Triphaladi kalka in tridoshaja shola.
|As an ingredient of Triphaladi kalka in tridoshaja shola
|-
|-
|133
|133
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/72
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/72
|As an ingredient of Pippalyadi varti.
|As an ingredient of Pippalyadi varti
|-
|-
|134
|134
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/92
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/92
|As an ingredient of Pushyanuga churna.
|As an ingredient of Pushyanuga churna
|-
|-
|}
|}
==Dose==
* 250 mg – 1 gm of the drug in powder form<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :53</ref>
==Important formulation==
As per A.P.I.<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :53</ref>
* Marichadi gutika
* Marichadi taila
* Trikatu churna




Line 582: Line 601:


Available  
Available  
India – western coast of india


== Current researches ==
== Current researches ==
https://cb.imsc.res.in/imppat/phytochemical/Piper%20nigrum


[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
   This article is under development ..
   This article is under development ..
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