Indriyaneekam Indriyam Adhyaya: Difference between revisions
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|title=Indriyaneekam Indriyam Adhyaya | |title=Indriyaneekam Indriyam Adhyaya | ||
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|keywords=Perceptions, alterations, fatal signs of senses, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita. | |keywords=Perceptions, alterations, fatal signs of senses, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita. | ||
|description=Indriya Sthana Chapter 4.Fatal signs in five sense organs | |description=Indriya Sthana Chapter 4.Fatal signs in five sense organs | ||
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com | |image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg | ||
|image_alt=charak samhita | |image_alt=charak samhita | ||
|type=article | |type=article | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''<big>[[Indriya Sthana]] Chapter 4.Fatal signs in five sense organs</big>''' | '''<big>[[Indriya Sthana]] Chapter 4.Fatal signs in five sense organs</big>''' | ||
{{Infobox | {{Infobox | ||
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|label7 = Reviewer | |label7 = Reviewer | ||
|data7 = Babu S.P. | |data7 = Babu S.P. | ||
|label8 = | |label8 = Editors | ||
|data8 = Khandel S.K., Babu S.P. | |data8 = Khandel S.K., Babu S.P., [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]], [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]] | ||
|label9 = | |label9 = Year of publication | ||
|data9 = | |data9 = 2020 | ||
|label10 = | |label10 = Publisher | ||
|data10 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s05.005 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s05.005] | |data10 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]] | ||
|label11 = DOI | |||
|data11 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s05.005 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s05.005] | |||
}} | }} | ||
<big>'''Abstract ''' </big> | <big>'''Abstract ''' </big> | ||
< | <p style="text-align:justify;">This chapter explicates about the alterations in the perception of the five sense organs which reveal impending death of an individual. The previous three chapters described [[arishta]] [[lakshana]] as perceived by senses vision, sound, taste and touch. This chapter describes [[arishta]] [[lakshana]] as perceived by all five [[Indriya]] or senses. [[Indriya]] and ''aneekam'' indicate the group of all five sense organs. There is a good synchronization between all sense organs for conversion of information into the knowledge. </p> | ||
This chapter explicates about the alterations in the perception of the five sense organs which reveal impending death of an individual. The previous three chapters described [[arishta]] [[lakshana]] as perceived by senses vision, sound, taste and touch. This chapter describes [[arishta]] [[lakshana]] as perceived by all five [[Indriya]] or senses. [[Indriya]] and ''aneekam'' indicate the group of all five sense organs. There is a good synchronization between all sense organs for conversion of information into the knowledge. | |||
'''Keywords''': Perceptions, alterations, fatal signs of senses. | '''Keywords''': Perceptions, alterations, fatal signs of senses. | ||
== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
<div style="text-align:justify;"> | <div style="text-align:justify;"> | ||
The perception by the sense organs has been described in [[Ayurveda]] to be a function of the conjunction of ''mana'' (mind) with the | The perception by the sense organs has been described in [[Ayurveda]] to be a function of the conjunction of ''mana'' (mind) with the [[atman]] (soul), the sense organs ([[indriya]]) and its subject (''indriyartha'') (Figure 1.)<br> | ||
[[File:organs as per Ayurveda.png]]<br> | [[File:organs as per Ayurveda.png]]<br> | ||
Fig. 1 – Showing the chart of perception by the sense organs as per [[Ayurveda]] | Fig. 1 – Showing the chart of perception by the sense organs as per [[Ayurveda]] | ||
The correct perception has been described to be the function of | The correct perception has been described to be the function of [[mana]] and [[vata]]. [[Vata]] is the entity which joins the [[mana]] and the above stated three other components. The functions of [[mana]] and [[vata]] account for in the modern medical sciences to that of the nervous system and its components. | ||
Perception by the sense organs occurs through conduction by the peripheral nerves to the brain. Some of the sensory | Perception by the sense organs occurs through conduction by the peripheral nerves to the brain. Some of the sensory [[arishta]] perceptions described in this chapter are now also described in the modern medical science. The conditions due to defect in the nervous system and peripheral nerves such as Dysosmia (Distorted identification of smell), Parosmia (Altered perception of smell in the presence of an odor, usually unpleasant), Phantosmia (detection of smells which are not present), Ageusia (Inability to taste), Dysgeusia (Distorted ability to taste), paraesthesias (altered tactile perception) etc.. Some of these are described in this chapter as an indicator of forthcoming death. | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
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|+ Table 1: Prognostic features of visual perceptions | |+ Table 1: Prognostic features of visual perceptions | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Abnormal visual perception !! Relevant pathology | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | Abnormal perception of sky and earth [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 4/7] || Visual perceptual distortions (VPDs) | ||Abnormal perception of sky and earth [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 4/7] || Visual perceptual distortions (VPDs) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | Seeing wind in atmosphere [Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 4/8] || Visual hallucinations | ||Seeing wind in atmosphere [Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 4/8] || Visual hallucinations | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | Not seeing flame in kindled fire [Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 4/8] || Achromatopsia / Dyschromatopsia / Scieropia | ||Not seeing flame in kindled fire [Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 4/8] || Achromatopsia / Dyschromatopsia / Scieropia | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | Seeing net in clean water [Cha. Sa. [[Indriya Sthana]] 4/9] || Myodesopsia | ||Seeing net in clean water [Cha. Sa. [[Indriya Sthana]] 4/9] || Myodesopsia | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | Views of dead bodies, ghosts, demons when awake [Cha. Sa. [[Indriya Sthana]] 4/10]|| Visual hallucinations | ||Views of dead bodies, ghosts, demons when awake [Cha. Sa. [[Indriya Sthana]] 4/10]|| Visual hallucinations | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | Extra sensorial or super natural views [Cha. Sa. [[Indriya Sthana]] 4/10] || Complex visual hallucinations / Photopsia | ||Extra sensorial or super natural views [Cha. Sa. [[Indriya Sthana]] 4/10] || Complex visual hallucinations / Photopsia | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | Abnormal colours and view of fire [Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 4/11] || Monochromats / Dichromats / Achromatopsia/ Cerebral dyschromatopsia | ||Abnormal colours and view of fire [Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 4/11] || Monochromats / Dichromats / Achromatopsia/ Cerebral dyschromatopsia | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ||Seeing lightning without clouds [Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 4/12] || Visual hallucinations | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | Abnormal views of the Sun and Moon [Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 4/13-18] || Scieropia / Scierneuropsia/ Achromatopsia/ Hemeralopia/ Simple or complex visual hallucinations/ Colour agnosia/ Photopsia / Hyperchromatopsia/ Metamorphopsia / VPDs/ Micropsia / Macropsia / Pelopsia / Teleopsia / Dysmetropsia / Prosometamorphopsia / Visual illusions/ Dyschromatopsia/ Diplopia / Polyopia / Entomopia/ Apperceptive agnosia / Agnosopsia / Visual agnosia | ||Abnormal views of the Sun and Moon [Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 4/13-18] || Scieropia / Scierneuropsia/ Achromatopsia/ Hemeralopia/ Simple or complex visual hallucinations/ Colour agnosia/ Photopsia / Hyperchromatopsia/ Metamorphopsia / VPDs/ Micropsia / Macropsia / Pelopsia / Teleopsia / Dysmetropsia / Prosometamorphopsia / Visual illusions/ Dyschromatopsia/ Diplopia / Polyopia / Entomopia/ Apperceptive agnosia / Agnosopsia / Visual agnosia | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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'''Acknowledgement:''' The contributors acknowledge support of Dr. M. Prasad and Dr.G.Kshama for providing tables from their published article referred in this chapter. | '''Acknowledgement:''' The contributors acknowledge support of Dr. M. Prasad and Dr.G.Kshama for providing tables from their published article referred in this chapter. | ||
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== References == | |||
</div> | </div> | ||