Charak Samhita

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Punica granatum L.
{{#seo:
|title=Charak Samhita
|titlemode=append
|keywords= *Dadima, Punica granatum L., Pomegranate, Therapeutic use, herbs, researches on dravya, Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, ancient Ayurveda text, Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, Charak, Charaka Samhita, agnivesha, atreya, gopal basisht, yogesh deole, charak samhita wikipedia edition, charak samhita new edition, charaka samhita new edition, carak samhita new edition, caraka samhita new edition, research on charak samhita, text book charak samhita, fundamental principles of ayurveda, basic concepts of ayurveda,
|description= Dadima (Punica granatum L.) is widely used in Ayurveda for digestive, cardiovascular, and metabolic health. It acts as a carminative, heart-healthy tonic, and balances tridoshas depending on its variety.
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
|image_alt=charak samhita
|type=article
}}


{{Infobox
{{Infobox
Line 6: Line 14:
|data1 = Herb database/Dadima
|data1 = Herb database/Dadima
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|data2 = Punica granatum L.
|data2 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranate Punica granatum L.]
|label3 = Family
|label3 = Family
|data3 = Lytheraceae
|data3 = Lythraceae
|label4 = Availability
|label4 = Availability
|data4 = Available
|data4 = Available
|label5 = Contributors
|label5 = Contributors
|data5 = --
|data5 = [[Team Dravyaguna]]
|label6 = Year of publication  
|label6 = Year of publication
|data6 = 2024
|data6 = 2026
|label7 = Publisher  
|label7 = Publisher
|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|label8 = DOI  
|label8 = DOI
|data8 = Awaited
|data8 = Awaited
}}
}}


==English name ==
'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranate Punica granatum L.]''', popularly known as '''Dadima''' (Pomegranate), is a large deciduous shrub or small tree belonging to the family Lythraceae. It is highly revered in [[Ayurveda]] for its culinary and therapeutic uses, as a heart-healthy tonic (''hridya'') and digestive aid.


==English name==
Pomegranate
Pomegranate


==Therapeutic uses==
==Therapeutic uses==
* '''Sweet fruit (swadu):''' Beneficial in burning sensations (''daha''), excessive thirst (''trishna''), fever (''jwara''), enhancing reproductive constituents (''shukrala''), light to digest (''laghu''), and reduces bad mouth odour (''mukhagandhaghna'').
* '''Sweet and sour fruit (swaduamla):''' Beneficial for stimulating digestion (''dipana''), improving taste (''ruchya''), and slightly elevates pitta dosha.
* '''Sour fruit (amla):''' Aggravates pitta dosha and alleviates vata and kapha dosha.


* Sweet fruit (swadu) is beneficial in burning sensations (daha), excessive thirst (trishna), fever (jwara), enhancing reproductive constituents (shukrala), light to digest (laghu), reduces bad mouth odour (mukhagandhaghna)
* Sweet and sour fruit (swaduamla) is beneficial for stimulating digestion (dipana), improving taste (ruchya), slightly elevates pitta dosha
* Sour fruit aggravates pitta dosha and alleviates vata and kapha dosha 
==Identification characters==
==Identification characters==
It is a large deciduous shrub or small tree with shining, oblanceolate glabrous leaves, red-colored flowers with 5–7 petals, and a globose fruit.<ref name="ref1" />


It is large deciduous shrub/small tree. Having shiner, oblanceolate glabrous leaves. Red coloured flowers with 5-7 petals and globose fruit.
[[File:Punica_granatum.jpg|thumb|Dadima (Punica granatum)]]
 
 
 
 
== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
 
Dadima, Karaka, Dantabija, Lohitapushpaka. 
 
==Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu==


Dadima, Karaka- useful in many conditions.
==Traditional Context==
In traditional Ayurvedic texts, Dadima is classified into three types based on taste: sweet (''swadu''), sweet-sour (''swaduamla'') and sour (''amla''). It has an important role in dietary prescriptions (''Pathya'') and in many formulations, and pacifies Vata, Pitta and Kapha doshas depending on its variety.<ref name="ref2" />


Dantabija- seeds resembles teeth
==Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
Dadima, Karaka, Dantabija, Lohitapushpaka


Lohitapushpaka- flowers are red in color
==Additional Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu==
* '''Dadima:''' Useful in many conditions.<ref name="ref2" />
* '''Dantabija:''' Seeds resemble teeth.<ref name="ref2" />
* '''Lohitapushpaka:''' Flowers are red in color.<ref name="ref2" />


==Bheda/ types==
==Types (Bheda)==
# Swadu (sweet)
# Swadu (Sweet)<ref name="ref2" />
# Swaduamla (Sweet and sour)
# Swaduamla (Sweet and sour)<ref name="ref2" />
# Amla (Sour)
# Amla (Sour)<ref name="ref2" />


== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==  
==Ayurvedic pharmacological properties==


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Properties  
|+ Properties
|-
|-
! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
|-
|-
| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]]) || Sweet (madhura), Astringent (kashaya), Sour (amla)
| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]]) || Sweet (madhura), Astringent (kashaya), Sour (amla)<ref name="ref2" />
|-
| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) || Not too hot (anushna)<ref name="ref2" />
|-
|-
| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) || Not too hot (anushna)
| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Sweet (madhura)<ref name="ref2" />
|-
|-
| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Sweet (madhura)
| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]]) || Light (laghu), Unctuous (snigdha)<ref name="ref2" />
|-
|-
| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])|| Light (laghu), Unctuous (snigdha)
| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Reduces [[vata]], [[pitta]] and [[kapha]]<ref name="ref2" />
|-
|-
| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Reduces [[vata]], [[pitta]] and [[kapha]]
|}
|}


== Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions ==  
==Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions==


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Herbs and their activities
|+ Herbs and their activities
|-
|-
! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity  
! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity
|-
|-
| 1 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/19 || Pachani-GrahiyavaguCha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]]
| 1 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/19 || Pachani-Grahi yavagu
|-
|-
| 2 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(10) || Hridyamahakashay(group of herbs liked or tasty)
| 2 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(10) || Hridya mahakashaya (group of heart-healthy herbs)
|-
|-
| 3 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(28)|| Chhardinigrahanamahakashay(group of herbs for anti emetic therapy)
| 3 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(28) || Chhardinigrahana mahakashaya (group of herbs for anti-emetic therapy)
|-
|-
| 4 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(40)|| Shramaharmahakashaya(group of herbs for fatigue)
| 4 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(40) || Shramahara mahakashaya (group of herbs for fatigue)
|-
|-
| 5 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 13/84  
| 5 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 13/84 || Alternative recipes for persons averse to lipids
| Alternative recipes for persons averse to lipids
|-
|-
|6 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 23/38  
| 6 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 23/38 || Madyavikatnut Mantha
| Madyavikatnut Mantha
|-
|-
| 7 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/4  
| 7 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/4 || Natural qualities
| Natural qualities.
|-
|-
| 8 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/150  
| 8 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/150 || Phala Varga (group of all fruits)
| Phala Varga(group of all fruits)
|-
|-
|9
| 9 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/256 || Krutanna Varga (group of edibles)
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/256
|Krutanna Varga(group of edibles)
|-
|-
|10
| 10 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 26/84 || Viruddha ahara (incompatible food articles)
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 26/84
|Viruddha ahar(group of incompatible food articles)
|-
|-
|11
| 11 || Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/136 || Virechana dravyani (group of laxatives)
|Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/136
|Virechana Dravyani(group of laxatives)
|-
|-
|12
| 12 || Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/140 || Amla Skandha (group of sour substances)
|Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/140
|Amla Skandha(group of sour substances)
|-
|-
|13
| 13 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/30 || Preparations of Trivrut Avaleha
|Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/30
|Preparations of Trivrit Avaleha
|-
|-
|14
| 14 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/54 || Trivrritadi Modaka
|Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/54
|Trivrritadi Modaka
|-
|-
|15
| 15 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/75 || Virechana Prayoga (used for therapeutic purgation)
|Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/75
|Virechana Prayoga(used for therapeutic purgation)
|-
|-
|16
| 16 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 11/07 || Saptala Shankhini Yoga
|Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 11/07
|Saptala Shankhini Yoga
|-
|-
|17
| 17 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 2/4/12 || Ingredient in Vrushya mamsa gutika
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 2/4/12
|Ingredient in Vrushya mamsa Gutika
|-
|-
|18
| 18 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 2/4/15 || Ingredient in Vrushya mahish rasa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 2/4/15
|Ingredient in Vrushya Mahish Rasa
|-
|-
|19
| 19 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/36 || As pathya ahara (group of wholesome food articles)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/36
|As pathya ahara..( group of wholesome food articles)
|-
|-
|20
| 20 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/180 || Given as peya for those desiring sour items
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/180
|Who has desire to eat sour given as peya.(thin gruel of rice)?
|-
|-
|21
| 21 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/35 || For Tarpana (instant nourishment)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/35
|For Tarpana(for instant nourishment)
|-
|-
|22
| 22 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/95 || As an ingredient of Satavaryadi ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/95  
|As an ingredient of Satavaryadi ghrita.
|-
|-
|23
| 23 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/100 || Used in Nasagata raktapitta
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/100
|Used in Nasagata raktapitta.
|-
|-
|24
| 24 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/68 || To increase effect of Trayushanaadi ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/68
|To increase effect of Trayushanaadi ghrit
|-
|-
|25
| 25 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/69 || Ingredient of Hingusauvarchaladya ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/69
|Ingredient of Hingusauvarchaladya ghrit
|-
|-
|26
| 26 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/72 || Ingredient of Hapushadya ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/72
|Ingredient of Hapushadya ghrit
|-
|-
|27
| 27 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/74 || Ingredient of Pippalyadya ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/74
|Ingredient of Pippalyadya ghrit
|-
|-
|28
| 28 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/77 || As an anupana in Gulma (abdominal lump)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/77
|As an Anupan in Gulma(a type of lump)
|-
|-
|29
| 29 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/80 || Ingredient of Hingvadi churna
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/80
|Ingredient of Hingvadi churna
|-
|-
|30
| 30 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/85 || Used to reduce pain in Vataja gulma
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/85
|Used for reduce pain in Vataj  Gulma
|-
|-
|31
| 31 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/87 || Ingredient of Shatyadi churna
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/87
|Ingredient of Shatyadi Churna
|-
|-
|32
| 32 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/133 || As a diet in Pittaja gulma
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/133
|As a diet in Pittaj Gulma(a type of lump)
|-
|-
|33
| 33 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/142 || Ingredient of Dashamuli ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/142
|Ingredient of Dashamuli Ghrit
|-
|-
|34
| 34 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/166 || Pathya diet in gulma
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/166
|Pathya Diet in Gulma(a type of lump)
|-
|-
|35
| 35 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/36 || Ingredient in Kalyanak ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/36
|Ingredient in Kalyanak Ghrit
|-
|-
|36
| 36 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/42 || Ingredient in Mahakalyanak ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/42
|Ingredient in Mahakalyanak Ghrit
|-
|-
|37
| 37 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/54 || Ingredient in Apara lasunadya ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/54
|Ingredient in Apara lasunadya Ghrita
|-
|-
|38
| 38 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 11/85 || Ingredient in Saindhavadi churna
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 11/85
|Ingredient in Saindhavadi Churna
|-
|-
|39
| 39 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 11/88 || Ingredient in Shadav (preparations made of sweet, sour, and salty substances)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 11/88
|Ingredient in Shadav(preparations made of sweet, sour and salty substances)
|-
|-
|40
| 40 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/55 || Ingredient in Chitrakadi ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/55
|Ingredient in Chitrakadi Ghrit
|-
|-
|41
| 41 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/130 || Used as anupana in arsha roga with narayan churna
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/130
|Used as anupan in arsha(haemorrhoids) roga with narayan churna
|-
|-
|42
| 42 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/135 || As an anupana of hapushadya churna
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/135
|As an anupana of hapushdya churna
|-
|-
|43
| 43 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/99 || Used for Anulomana (proper elimination of flatus and feces)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/99
|Used for Anulomana(evacuation of the flatus/ proper elimination of flatus, feces, urine etc. )
|-
|-
|44
| 44 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/106 || Removes vata and vibandha (constipation)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/106
|Removes vata and vibandha(Constipation)
|-
|-
|45
| 45 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/125 || Dadima swarasa is mixed with shaka
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/125
|Dadima swarasa is mixed with shaka
|-
|-
|46
| 46 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/186 || Kwath is used for raktastambhana (cessation of bleeding)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/186
|Kwath is used for raktastambhan(caseation of blood)
|-
|-
|47
| 47 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/197 || Used in rakta arsha (bleeding piles)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/197
|Used in rakta arsha(bleeding piles)
|-
|-
|48
| 48 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/200 || Sadhita laajapeya used in rakta arsha
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/200
|Sadhita laajapeya used in rakta arsha(bleeding piles)
|-
|-
|49
| 49 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/89 || As an ingredient of pancamuladhya ghrit evum churna
|
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/89
|As an ingredient of pancamuladhya ghrit evum churna
|-
|-
|50
| 50 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/97 || Bhavana dravya of citrakadhya gutika
|
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/97
|Bhavnadravya  of citrakadhya gutika
|-
|-
|51
| 51 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/44 || As an ingredient of Dadimadi ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/44
|As an ingredient of Dadimadi Ghrit
|-
|-
|52
| 52 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/90 || As an anupana of Shilajatu vataka
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/90
|As an Anupana of Shilajatu Vataka
|-
|-
|53
| 53 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/63 || As an ingredient of saindhavadi yoga
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/63
|As an ingredient of saindhavadi yoga.
|-
|-
|54
| 54 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/126 || As an ingredient of kantakari ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/126
|As an ingredient of kantakari ghrita.
|-
|-
|55
| 55 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/28 || As an ingredient of dipaniya and sangrahi gana
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/28
|As a Ingridient of dipaniya and sangrahi gana
|-
|-
|56
| 56 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/33 || Used as a siddhi dravya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/33
|Use as a siddhi dravya
|-
|-
|57
| 57 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/40 || As a yoga dravya in treatment of purishakshaya
|
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/40
|
As a yoga dravya in treatment of purishakshaya.
|-
|-
|58
| 58 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/44 || As an ingredient of chavyadi ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/44
|As an ingredient of chavyadi ghrita.
|-
|-
|59
| 59 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/54 || As a yoga dravya in treatment of pittaja atisara
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/54
|As a yoga dravya in treatment of pittaj atisara.
|-
|-
|60
| 60 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/74 || As a prakshepa dravya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/74
|As a prakshep dravya
 
|-
|-
|61
| 61 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/24 || Ghritapana in Vataja chhardi
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/24
|Ghritapana in Vataja chhardi.
|-
|-
|62
| 62 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/35 || As a pathya ahara in kaphaja chhardi
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/35
|As a pathya ahara in kaphaja chhardi.
|-
|-
|63
| 63 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/109 || As a pathya ahara
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/109
|As a pathya ahara.
|-
|-
|64
| 64 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/111 || As a pathya ahara
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/111
|As a pathya ahara.
|-
|-
|65
| 65 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/112 || Dadima rasa siddha mamsarasa is used
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/112
|Dadima rasa siddha mamsarasa is used.
|-
|-
|66
| 66 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/126 || As an ingredient of mulakadi lepa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/126
|As an ingredient of mulakadi lepa.
|-
|-
|67
| 67 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 22/36 || For lepa prayoga (local application)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 22/36
|For lepa prayoga.(for local application).
|-
|-
|68
| 68 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 22/49 || Used in treatment of kaphanubandha trushna (thirst)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 22/49
|Used in treatment of Kaphanubandha trushna.(Excessive thirst).
|-
|-
|69
| 69 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/226 || As a pathya ahara (palatable food)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/226
|As a pathya ahara.(palatable food).
|-
|-
|70
| 70 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/121 || Used as swarasa mixed with lavana and sneha in Vataja madatyaya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/121
|Used as swarasa mixed with lavana & sneha in Vataja madatyaya.
|-
|-
|71
| 71 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/127 || Used as swarasa in Vataja madatyaya (alcohol intoxication)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/127
|Used as swarasa in Vataja madatyaya.(alcohol intoxication)
|-
|-
|72
| 72 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/128 || Used as anupana in Vataja madatyaya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/128
|Used as anupana in Vataja madatyaya.(alcohol intoxication)
|-
|-
|73
| 73 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/136 || Used as swarasa in pittaja madatyaya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/136
|Used as swarasa in pittaja madatyaya.(alcohol intoxication)
|-
|-
|74
| 74 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/139 || Used as yoosha in pittaja madatyaya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/139
|Used as yoosha in pittaja madatyaya.(alcohol intoxication)
|-
|-
|75
| 75 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/151 || Used in mukha-lepa in pittaja madatyaya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/151
|Used in mukha-lepa(local application over face)  in pittaja madatyaya.(alcohol intoxication)
|-
|-
|76
| 76 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/180 || Used as raga in kaphaja madatyaya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/180
|Used as raga in kaphaja madatyaya.
|-
|-
|77
| 77 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/217 || Used in Kavala in arochaka (tastelessness)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/217
|Used in Kavala in Arochaka.(tastelessness)  
|-
|-
|78
| 78 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/219 || As an ingredient of Arochakanashaka vati
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/219
|As an ingredient of Arochakanashaka vati.
|-
|-
|79
| 79 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/132 || As an ingredient of Triphaladi maha sneha
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/132
|As an ingredient of Triphaladi maha sneha.
|-
|-
|80
| 80 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/79 || As an ingredient of Dhatakyadi taila
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/79
|As an ingredient of Dhatakyadi taila.
|-
|-
|}
|}


==DOSE==
==Dose==
*5 to 10 g. of the drug in powder form.
* 5 to 10 g of the drug in powder form or fresh juice as required.<ref name="ref1" />
 
==Important Formulations==
* Dadimastaka Churna
* Dadima Ghrita
* Dadhika Ghrita
* Bhaskara Lavana
* Shukramatruka Vati


==IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS==
==Current availability==
# Dadimastaka Churna
Available
# Dadima ghrita
* '''In India –''' Found growing wild in the valley and outer hills of the Himalayas between 900–1800 m, and cultivated widely across many parts of the country.<ref name="ref1" />
# Dadhika Ghrit
* '''Out of India –''' Central Asia, the Himalayas, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, California, Arizona, and South Asia.<ref name="ref1" />
# Bhaskara Lavana
# Shukramatruka Vati


==Phytoconstituents==
Different parts of ''Punica granatum'' (fruit peel, aril and juice, seed, flower, leaf, bark and heartwood) contain the following major classes of phytochemicals:<ref name="Wu2017" />
* '''Hydrolyzable tannins:''' ellagitannins (e.g. punicalagin, punicalin) and gallotannins, abundant in the fruit peel.
* '''Ellagic acid:''' free ellagic acid, its methylated forms and glycosidic derivatives.
* '''Flavonoids:''' chalcones, flavanones, flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins (responsible for the red colour), flavan-3-ols and procyanidins.
* '''Alkaloids:''' present in the bark.
* '''Steroids and lipids:''' steroid hormones and seed-oil lipids such as monoacylglycerols and triglycerides.


 
==Pharmacological Activities and Therapeutic Efficacy==
== Current availability==  
All studies below are preclinical or small human studies on pomegranate preparations. Results with juice or peel extract should not be taken as proof of the effect of the Ayurvedic dosage forms.


Available
===Cardiovascular protection (Hridya)===
It is found growing wild in the valley, outer hills of the Himalayas between 900- 1800 m and cultivated in many parts of the country.
In healthy male volunteers and in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, pomegranate juice consumption had potent antioxidant effects against lipid peroxidation in plasma and lipoproteins. In humans it decreased LDL susceptibility to aggregation and retention and raised the activity of serum paraoxonase by about 20%.<ref name="Aviram2000" />
It is found in Central Asia, the Himalayas, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. It grows well in California and Arizona and in South Asia, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East.  


== Current researches ==
===Antidiarrhoeal activity (Atisara)===
The aqueous extract of the peel (100–400 mg/kg) reduced castor-oil-induced diarrhoea, enteropooling and gastrointestinal transit in rats in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibited the spontaneous movement of the isolated rat ileum. The extract contained tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids.<ref name="Qnais2007" />


==Dadima in diet recipes==
===Anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential===
Juice and peel possess potent antioxidant properties, and the phytochemistry and pharmacological actions of the different parts of the plant suggest a wide range of applications in preventing and treating cancer and other diseases in which chronic inflammation plays a role.<ref name="Lansky2007" />


A research article describes 103 total formulations (102 internal+ 1 external application) of dadima indicated in 31 disease conditions, mostly in diarrhoea (atisara). It is also recommended as vehicle (anupana  dravya) with 44 formulations in 21 disease conditions. The only contraindication of dadima is during the medication of Khandakadya Lauha in the case of raktapitta  
==Safety, Toxicity and Dosage==
* '''Toxicity:''' The aqueous peel extract had an intraperitoneal LD50 of 1321 ± 15 mg/kg in mice.<ref name="Qnais2007" /> No other safety data are cited here; oral safety of the traditional dosage forms has not been verified for this monograph.
* '''Precautions (classical, no experimental reference cited):''' The only classical contraindication noted in Ayurvedic literature is its avoidance during specific treatments like Khandakadya Lauha administration in ''raktapitta'' conditions.
* '''Standard therapeutic dose:''' Fruit juice or fresh arils as desired or 30–50 ml; powder (churna) 5–10 g daily (see Dose above).<ref name="ref1" />


==Review of clinical trials on therapeutic use of dadima==
==Summary of Therapeutic Profile==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"
|+ Therapeutic applications of ''Punica granatum'' (preclinical and small human studies)
! Indication
! Part / preparation studied
! Principal finding
|-
| '''Cardiovascular health / Hridroga'''
| Juice
| Antioxidant effects; reduced LDL aggregation and retention, raised paraoxonase activity
|-
| '''Diarrhoea / Atisara'''
| Aqueous peel extract
| Reduced castor-oil diarrhoea, enteropooling and intestinal transit in rats
|-
| '''Inflammation and cancer'''
| Juice, peel and other parts
| Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential (review evidence)
|-
|}


This article deals with major pharmacological effects of pomegranate reported in randomized clinical trials pertain to diabetes (endocrinopathies), cardiovascular disease (e.g., hyper lipidaemia and hypertension), oral cavity disorders, endocrine disorders, and cancer. Dadima have preventive roles on obesity, metabolic syndrome, and coronary heart disease (due to its potent antioxidant properties).  
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="ref1">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 2001; Volume III: 45-46.</ref>


==Formulations of dadima==
<ref name="ref2">Shri Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Haritakyadi Varga, Verse no. 35-38, Edited by Padmashree Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015.</ref>


This article compiles of chemical constituents present in leaf of Punica granatum as like Flavanoid, Phenol, Saponin, Tannin, Steroids, Terpenoids, Anthraquinone with its various medicinal effects.  
<ref name="Wu2017">{{cite journal |last1=Wu |first1=S. |last2=Tian |first2=L. |year=2017 |title=Diverse phytochemicals and bioactivities in the ancient fruit and modern functional food pomegranate (Punica granatum) |journal=Molecules |volume=22 |issue=10 |pages=1606 |doi=10.3390/molecules22101606}}</ref>


==Phytochemical evaluation==


The research articles cover the botanical properties, phytochemical composition, and diverse remedial applications of pomegranate, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardiovascular, antimicrobial, and dermatological properties. ,


<ref name="Aviram2000">{{cite journal |last1=Aviram |first1=M. |last2=Dornfeld |first2=L. |last3=Rosenblat |first3=M. |last4=Volkova |first4=N. |last5=Kaplan |first5=M. |last6=Coleman |first6=R. |last7=Hayek |first7=T. |last8=Presser |first8=D. |last9=Fuhrman |first9=B. |year=2000 |title=Pomegranate juice consumption reduces oxidative stress, atherogenic modifications to LDL, and platelet aggregation: studies in humans and in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice |journal=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |volume=71 |issue=5 |pages=1062–1076 |doi=10.1093/ajcn/71.5.1062}}</ref>
<ref name="Qnais2007">{{cite journal |last1=Qnais |first1=E. Y. |last2=Elokda |first2=A. S. |last3=Abu Ghalyun |first3=Y. Y. |last4=Abdulla |first4=F. A. |year=2007 |title=Antidiarrheal activity of the aqueous extract of Punica granatum (pomegranate) peels |journal=Pharmaceutical Biology |volume=45 |issue=9 |pages=715–720 |doi=10.1080/13880200701575304}}</ref>
<ref name="Lansky2007">{{cite journal |last1=Lansky |first1=E. P. |last2=Newman |first2=R. A. |year=2007 |title=Punica granatum (pomegranate) and its potential for prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |volume=109 |issue=2 |pages=177–206 |doi=10.1016/j.jep.2006.09.006}}</ref>
}}


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