Charak Samhita

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Zingiber officinale Roscoe.
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|title=Charak Samhita
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|keywords= Shunthi,Sunthi, Aardrak, Ginger, Zingiber officinale Roscoe., Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, ancient Ayurveda text, Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, Charak, Charaka Samhita, agnivesha, atreya, gopal basisht, yogesh deole, charak samhita wikipedia edition, charak samhita new edition, charaka samhita new edition, carak samhita new edition, caraka samhita new edition, research on charak samhita, text book charak samhita, fundamental principles of ayurveda, basic concepts of ayurveda,
|description= '''Shunthi''', the dried rhizome of ''Zingiber officinale'' Roscoe (Family: '''Zingiberaceae'''), stands as a cornerstone phytopharmaceutical in traditional systems of medicine—particularly Ayurveda—while simultaneously maintaining a robust profile in modern evidence-based pharmacology.
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
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|type=article
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[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger Zingiber officinale Roscoe.]
{{Infobox
{{Infobox
|title = Shunthi
|title = Shunthi
Line 6: Line 16:
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|data2 = Zingiber officinale Roscoe
|data2 = Zingiber officinale Roscoe
|label3 = Contributors
|label3 = Family
|data3 = --
|data3 = Zingiberaceae
|label4 = Year of publication  
|label4 = Availability
|data4 =  2021
|data4 = Available
|label5 = Publisher  
|label5 = Contributors
|data5 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|data5 = Dravyaguna Team
|label6 = DOI  
|label6 = Year of publication  
|data6 = Awaited
|data6 =  2026
|label7 = Publisher  
|data7 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|label8 = DOI  
|data8 = Awaited
}}
}}
[[File:Shunthi.jpg|thumb|Shunthi & Aardrak (''Zingiber officinale)'']]


==English name ==  
==English name ==  


Ginger
Ginger
== Botanical Identity ==
'''Shunthi''', the dried rhizome of ''Zingiber officinale'' Roscoe (Family: '''Zingiberaceae'''), stands as a cornerstone phytopharmaceutical in traditional systems of medicine—particularly Ayurveda—while simultaneously maintaining a robust profile in modern evidence-based pharmacology. Locally referred to as ''Sonth'' or dry ginger, its processing from fresh ginger (''Ardraka'') chemically transforms its active volatile and non-volatile profiles, resulting in a distinct therapeutic matrix that exhibits high bioavailability and pronounced efficacy across multiple physiological systems.
* '''Botanical Name:''' ''Zingiber officinale'' Roscoe
* '''Family:''' Zingiberaceae
* '''Part Used:''' Dried Rhizome
* '''Vernacular Names:''' Shunthi (Sanskrit), Sonth (Hindi), Dry Ginger (English), Shukku (Tamil)
== Ayurvedic Pharmacodynamics (Dravyaguna Profile) ==
In classical Ayurvedic pharmacology, the dehydration of ginger alters its fundamental properties. Unlike fresh ginger, which carries a sharp, drying post-digestive profile, Shunthi undergoes a metabolic transformation that yields a sweet post-digestive effect (''Madhura Vipaka''), rendering it far more tolerable for long-term therapeutic application without aggravating ''Pitta dosha'' excessively.
==Therapeutic Use==
Agnimandya, Bronchial asthma (swasa), Abdominal distension (adhmana), Rheumatoid arthritis (amavata), Anaemia (pandu), Abdominal disorders (udararoga)
==Varieties==
==Bhavaprakash Nighantu<ref>Prof. K.C.Chunekar, Bhavprakasha Nighantu, Reprint.2015, Chaukhambha vishvabharti, Haritakyadi Varga, p.13.</ref>==
# Raktabha
# Shweta


== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
Shunthi, Nagara, Shrungavera, Vishwa-bheshajam, Mahaushadha, Ardraka, Vishwa.
Shunthi, Nagara, Shrungavera, Vishwa-bheshajam, Mahaushadha, Ardraka, Vishwa.
==Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu<ref>Prof. K.C.Chunekar, Bhavprakasha Nighantu, Reprint.2015, Chaukhambha vishvabharti, Haritakyadi Varga, verse no. 44, p.13.</ref>==
Shunthi, Vishva, Vishv, Nagar, Vishvabheshaja, Ushana, Katubhadra, Shringavera, Mahoshadha,
== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Properties
|-
! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties !! Clinical Significance
|-
| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]])  || Pungent (katu) || Stimulates gustatory receptors, secretes salivary and gastric enzymes.
|-
| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) ||Hot (ushna) || Enhances metabolic rate (''Agni'') and clears systemic micro-channels ([[Srotas]])
|-
| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Aardrak (Ginger) - Pungent (katu)
Shunthi (Dry Ginger) - Sweet (madhura)
| Imparts nourishing, tissue-protective, and rejuvenative (''Rasayana'') long-term effects.
|-
| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])|| Aardrak (Ginger) - Heavy (guru), dryness (ruksha), Sharp (tikshna)
Shunthi (Dry Ginger)- Easy to digest (laghu), unctuous (snigdha)
| Ginger counteracts the coldness of ''Kapha,'' Dry ginger acts on dryness of Vata dosha
|-
| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Pacify Vata and Kapha
|Useful in indigestion, swellings, stiffness
|-
| 6 || [[Prabhava]] (Special Action) || Amavataghni / Grahi || Specifically targets rheumatoid conditions; acts as a bowel-binding bio-absorbent.
|}


== Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions ==  
== Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions ==  
Line 30: Line 99:
! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity  
! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity  
|-
|-
| 1 ||Sutra sthana 2/5  
| 1 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/5  
| Sirovirechana (Errhine  therapy)
| Shirovirechana (Errhine  therapy)
|-
|-
| 2 || Sutra sthana  2/18  
| 2 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/18  
| Deepaniya and  Shulaghni yavagu
| Deepaniya and  Shulaghni yavagu(gruel for enhancing digestion and colic pain)
|-
|-
| 3 || Sutra sthana  2/21  
| 3 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/21  
| Raktatisara  yavagu
| Raktatisara  yavagu(gruel used in diarrhea with blood)
|-
|-
| 4 || Sutra sthana  2/22  
| 4 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/22  
| Amatisara  yavagu
| Amatisara  yavagu(gruel for diarrhea with indigestion)
|-
|-
| 5 || Sutra sthana  2/24  
| 5 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/24  
| Pipasaghni  yavagu
| Pipasaghni  yavagu(gruel for excess thirst)
|-
|-
|6
|6
|Sutra sthana  4/9(6)
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(6)
|Deepaniya mahakashay
|Deepaniya (appetizer) mahakashaya
|-
|-
|7
|7
|Sutra sthana  4/9(11)
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(11)
|Truptighna mahakashay
|Truptighna(anti-satiety) mahakashaya
|-
|-
|8
|8
|Sutra sthana  4/9(12)
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(12)
|Arshoghna mahakashay
|Arshoghna(anti-haemorrhoidal) mahakashaya
|-
|-
|9
|9
|Sutra sthana  4/9(18)
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(18)
|Stanyashodhana mahakashay
|Stanyashodhana(galactodepurent) mahakashaya
|-
|-
|10
|10
|Sutra sthana  4/9(29)
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(29)
|Trishna  nigrahana mahakashay
|Trishna  nigrahana(thirst alleviating) mahakashay
|-
|-
|11
|11
|Sutra sthana  4/9(42)
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(42)
|Sheetaprashamana mahakashaya
|Sheetaprashamana(pacifying cold sensation) mahakashaya
|-
|-
|12
|12
|Sutra sthana  4/9(45)
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(45)
|Shoolaprashamana mahakashaya
|Shoolaprashamana(pacifying pain) mahakashaya
|-
|-
|13
|13
|Ch Su 24/49
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]]24/49
|Sanyas Chikitsa
|Sanyas Chikitsa- to regain consciousness
|-
|-
|14
|14
|Ch Su 25/38
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 25/38
|Hitatam  ahardravya
|Hitatam  ahardravya(wholesome food articles) -ginger among all rhizomes and roots.
|-
|-
|15
|15
|Ch Su 27/4
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/4
|Natural  qualities.
|All substances with pungent taste, except long pepper and ginger, are vata stimulants and aphrodisiacs.
|-
|-
|16
|16
|Ch Su 27/166
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/166
|Harita Varga
|One of the drug from Harita Varga (green herbs)
|-
|-
|17
|17
|Ch Su 27/166
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/166
|Harita Varga
|One of the drug from Harita Varga (green herbs)
|-
|-
|18
|18
|Ch Su 27/256
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/256
|Krutanna Varga
|One of the drug from Krutanna Varga (cooked food preparations)
|-
|-
|19
|19
|Ch Su 27/296
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/296
|Krutanna Varga
|One of the drug from Krutanna Varga (cooked food preparations)
|-
|-
|20
|20
|Ch Su 26/51
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 26/51
|Rasapvad
|Rasapvada (exception in pungent (katu) rasa.
|-
|-
|21
|21
|Ch Vi 6/17
|Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 6/17
|Abhyantar Krimi Chikitsa
|Abhyantar Krimi Chikitsa (treatment of internal worms).
|-
|-
|22
|22
|Ch Vi 6/18
|Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 6/18
|Abhyantar Krimi Chikitsa
|Abhyantar Krimi Chikitsa (treatment of internal worms).
|-
|-
|23
|23
|Ch.Vi.8/135
|Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/135
|Vaman dravyani
|Vaman dravyani (As a drug for therapeutic emesis)
|-
|-
|24
|24
|Vimana Sthana 8/142
|Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/142
|Katuskandha
|Katuskandha (group of pungent drugs)
|-
|-
|25
|25
|Ch.Sha.8/56
|Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/56
|Kshira vishodhan dravya
|Kshira vishodhan dravya (ingredient of galactodepurant gana)
|-
|-
|26
|26
|Ch.Sha.8/34
|Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/34
|Garbhasya  pratimasik karma
|Garbhasya  pratimasik karma
|-
|-
|27
|27
|Ch.Sha.8/41
|Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/41
|Prajata stree  paricharya
|Prajata stree  paricharya
|-
|-
|28
|28
|Ch.Sha.8/48
|Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/48
|Nadi kalpana
|Nadi kalpana
|-
|-
|29
|29
|[[Kalpa Sthana]] 1/22
|Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 1/22
|Vamanartha
|Vamanartha (for therapeutic emesis)
|-
|-
|30
|30
|[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/16
|Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/16
|Preparation of Trivrut
|Preparation of Trivrut
|-
|-
|31
|31
|[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/29
|Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/29
|Preparation of Trivrit Avaleha
|Preparation of Trivrit Avaleha
|-
|-
|32
|32
|[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/54
|Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/54
|Varshakalin Trivrrita Yoga
|Varshakalin Trivrrita Yoga
|-
|-
|33
|33
|[[Kalpa Sthana]] 12/23
|Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 12/23
|Churna Yoga
|Churna Yoga
|-
|-
|34
|34
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 1/1/25
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/1/25
|Body  purification before rasayana treatment
|Body  purification before rasayana treatment
|-
|-
|35
|35
|Cha.Sa.Chi.3/145
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/145


|When patient is suffering with Pipasa in jwara as an ingredient of Shadangapaniya.
|When patient is suffering with thirst (pipasa) in fever (Jwara) as an ingredient of Shadangapaniya.
Used as shrutasheetajala as it is Pipasajwarshantaye.


Used as shrutasheetajala as it is Pipasajwarshantaye.
Used as shrutasheetajala as it is Pipasajwarshantaye.
|-
|-
|36
|36
|Cha.sa.Chi.3/179
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/179
 
|Used as lajapeya with Pippali where agnimandya but  kshudha is present.
|Used as lajapeya with Pippali where agnimandya but  kshudha is present.
|-
|-
|37
|37
|Cha.sa.Chi.3/180
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/180
|Who has desire to eat sour given with Dadima.
|Who has desire to eat sour given with Dadima.
|-
|-
|38
|38
|Cha.sa.Chi.3/183
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/183
|Used as peya with amla in Jwaraatisara.
|Used as peya with amla in Jwaraatisara.
|-
|-
|39
|39
|Cha.sa.Chi.3/186
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/186
|Used as peya where jwara is associated with  Constipation & Kostha shoola.
|Used as peya where jwara(fever) is associated with  Constipation(vibandha) & Kostha shoola.
|-
|-
|40
|40
|Cha.sa.Chi.3/188
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/188
|Used as peya with Ghrita and Sarkara where jwara is  associated with Anindra, Trushna & asweda.
|Used as peya with Ghrita and Sarkara where jwara is  associated with Anindra(insomia), Trushna(thirst) & asweda.
|-
|-
|41
|41
|Cha.sa.Chi.3/198
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/198


|Used as kwath or  sheeta kashaya for  trushna,  deepana, doshapachana, jwar,aruchi  and  mukhavairasya.
|Used as kwath or  sheeta kashaya for  trushna,  deepana, doshapachana, jwar,aruchi  and  mukhavairasya.
|-
|-
|42
|42
|Cha.sa.Chi.3/202
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/202
|Used in Trutiyaka jwara.
|Used in Trutiyaka jwara.
|-
|-
|43
|43
|Cha.sa.Chi.3/210
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/210
|Used in Sannipata jwara.
|Used in Sannipata jwara.
|-
|-
|44
|44
|Cha.sa.Chi.3/211
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/211


|As an ingredient of shatyadi varga used in kasa,  svasa, tandra,parshvashoola, hrdgraha and sannipata jwara.
|As an ingredient of shatyadi varga used in kasa,  svasa, tandra,parshvashoola, hrdgraha and sannipata jwara.
|-
|-
|45
|45
|Cha.sa.Chi.3/223
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/223
|As an ingredient of Vasadi Ghrita.
|As an ingredient of Vasadi Ghrita.
|-
|-
|46
|46
|Cha.sa.Chi.3/236
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/236
|Used as ksheerpaka in varch-mutra vibandha and  sopha.
|Used as ksheerpaka in varch-mutra vibandha and  sopha.
|-
|-
|47
|47
|Cha.sa.Chi.3/237
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/237
|Used as ksheerapaka in pipasa ans jwara.
|Used as ksheerapaka in pipasa ans jwara.
|-
|-
|48
|48
|Cha.sa.Chi.3/250
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/250
|As an ingredient of Jivantyadi anuvasana basti.
|As an ingredient of Jivantyadi anuvasana basti.
|-
|-
|49
|49
|Cha.sa.Chi.3/267
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/267
|As an ingredient of Agurvadi taila.
|As an ingredient of Agurvadi taila.
|-
|-
|50
|50
|Cha.sa.Chi.5/65              
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/65              
|Ingredient in Trayushanaadi  ghrit
|Ingredient in Trayushanaadi  ghrit
|-
|-
|51
|51
|Cha.sa.Chi.5/69
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/69
|Ingredient of Hingusauvarchaladya  ghrit
|Ingredient of Hingusauvarchaladya  ghrit
|-
|-
|52
|52
|Cha.sa.Chi.5/71
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/71
|Ingredient of Hapushadya  ghrit
|Ingredient of Hapushadya  ghrit
|-
|-
|53
|53
|Cha.sa.Chi.5/74
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/74
|Ingredient of Pippalyadya  ghrit
|Ingredient of Pippalyadya  ghrit
|-
|-
|54
|54
|Cha.sa.Chi.5/79
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/79
|Ingredient of Hingvadi  churna
|Ingredient of Hingvadi  churna
|-
|-
|55
|55
|Cha.sa.Chi.5/91
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/91
|Ingredient of Nagaradi Yoga
|Ingredient of Nagaradi Yoga
|-
|-
|56
|56
|Cha.sa.Chi.5/142
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/142
|Ingredient of Dashamuli  Ghrit
|Ingredient of Dashamuli  Ghrit
|-
|-
|57
|57
|Cha.sa.Chi.5/144
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/144
|Ingredient in Bhallatakadya  Ghrit for Kaphaj Gulma
|Ingredient in Bhallatakadya  Ghrit for Kaphaj Gulma
|-
|-
|58
|58
|Cha.sa.Chi.5/147
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/147
|Ingredient in Kshir Shatpal  Ghrit
|Ingredient in Kshir Shatpal  Ghrit
|-
|-
|59
|59
|Cha.sa.Chi.5/156
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/156
|Ingredient of Danti-  Haritaki
|Ingredient of Danti-  Haritaki
|-
|-
|60
|60
|Cha.sa.Chi.5/164
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/164
|Pathya Diet in Gulma
|Pathya Diet in Gulma
|-
|-
|61
|61
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/61
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/61
|Ingredient in Kushthaghna  Yog
|Ingredient in Kushthaghna  Yog
|-
|-
|62
|62
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/62
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/62
|Ingredient in Patoladi  Kwath
|Ingredient in Patoladi  Kwath
|-
|-
|63
|63
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/65
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]]a 7/65
|Ingredient in Mustadi  Churna
|Ingredient in Mustadi  Churna
|-
|-
|64
|64
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/77
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/77
|Ingredient in Kanakabindurisht
|Ingredient in Kanakabindurisht
|-
|-
|65
|65
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/85
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/85
|Bahyaprayogarth lepa in mandal Kushth 
|Bahyaprayogarth lepa in mandal Kushth 
|-
|-
|66
|66
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/109
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/109
|Ingredient in Tiktekshvadi  Taila for Abhyang in Vata-Kaphaj  Kushth
|Ingredient in Tiktekshvadi  Taila for Abhyang in Vata-Kaphaj  Kushth
|-
|-
|67
|67
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/113
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/113
|Ingredient in Kanakakshiri  Tail
|Ingredient in Kanakakshiri  Tail
|-
|-
|68
|68
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 9/34
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/34
|Ingredient in Hingvadi  Ghrit
|Ingredient in Hingvadi  Ghrit
|-
|-
|69
|69
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 9/49
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/49
|Ingredient in Lasunadya  Ghrit
|Ingredient in Lasunadya  Ghrit
|-
|-
|70
|70
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 9/53
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/53
|Ingredient in Apara  lasunadya Ghrit
|Ingredient in Apara  lasunadya Ghrit
|-
|-
|71
|71
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 9/54
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/54
|Ingredient in Apara  lasunadya Ghrit
|Ingredient in Apara  lasunadya Ghrit
|-
|-
|72
|72
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 9/65
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/65
|Used as Nashya and Anjan  prayogarth
|Used as Nashya and Anjan  prayogarth
|-
|-
|73
|73
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 9/70
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/70
|Ingredient in Siddharthakadi  Agad
|Ingredient in Siddharthakadi  Agad
|-
|-
|74
|74
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 10/20
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/20
|Ingredient in Mahapanchagavya  Ghrit
|Ingredient in Mahapanchagavya  Ghrit
|-
|-
|75
|75
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 10/43
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/43
|As a Nasya dravya
|As a Nasya dravya
|-
|-
|76
|76
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 10/46
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/46
|Ingredient in Kayasthadi  varti
|Ingredient in Kayasthadi  varti
|-
|-
|77
|77
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 10/48
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/48
|Ingredient in Mustadi varti
|Ingredient in Mustadi varti
|-
|-
|78
|78
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 11/35
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 11/35
|Ingredient in Amrutprash  Ghrit
|Ingredient in Amrutprash  Ghrit
|-
|-
|79
|79
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 11/67
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 11/67
|Ingredient in Chaturtha  Sarpigud
|Ingredient in Chaturtha  Sarpigud
|-
|-
|80
|80
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 11/85
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 11/85
|Ingredient in Saindhavadi  Churna
|Ingredient in Saindhavadi  Churna
|-
|-
|81
|81
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 11/89
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 11/89
|Ingredient in Shadav
|Ingredient in Shadav
|-
|-
|82
|82
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 11/92
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]]a 11/92
|As a Vardhaman Rasayan  Prayog
|As a Vardhaman Rasayan  Prayog
|-
|-
|83
|83
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/21
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/21
|In treatment of Kaphaj  Svayathu
|In treatment of Kaphaj  Svayathu
|-
|-
|84
|84
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/22
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/22
|In treatment of Kaphaj  Svayathu
|In treatment of Kaphaj  Svayathu
|-
|-
|85
|85
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/23
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/23
|In treatment of Vataj  Svayathu
|In treatment of Vataj  Svayathu
|-
|-
|86
|86
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/23
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/23
|In treatment of Vataj  Svayathu
|In treatment of Vataj  Svayathu
|-
|-
|87
|87
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/24
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/24
|In treatment of Vataj  Svayathu
|In treatment of Vataj  Svayathu
|-
|-
|88
|88
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/25
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/25
|In treatment of Vataj  Svayathu
|In treatment of Vataj  Svayathu
|-
|-
|89
|89
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/25
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/25
|In treatment of Vataj  Svayathu
|In treatment of Vataj  Svayathu
|-
|-
|90
|90
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/27
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/27
|For bhinna varch in  treatment of Vataj Svayathu
|For bhinna varch in  treatment of Vataj Svayathu
|-
|-
|91
|91
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/27
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/27
|For vibaddha varch in  treatment of Vataj Svayathu
|For vibaddha varch in  treatment of Vataj Svayathu
|-
|-
|92
|92
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/29
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/29
|Ingredient in Gandiradhyarisht
|Ingredient in Gandiradhyarisht
|-
|-
|93
|93
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/41
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/41
|Ingredient in Krishnadi  Churna
|Ingredient in Krishnadi  Churna
|-
|-
|94
|94
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/42
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/42
|Ingredient in Krishnadi  Churna
|Ingredient in Krishnadi  Churna
|-
|-
|95
|95
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/42
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/42
|Ingredient in Krishnadi  Churna
|Ingredient in Krishnadi  Churna
|-
|-
|96
|96
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/43
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/43
|Ingredient in Kshar Gudika
|Ingredient in Kshar Gudika
|-
|-
|97
|97
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/47
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/47
|Ingredient in Gudadrak  prayog
|Ingredient in Gudadrak  prayog
|-
|-
|98
|98
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/47
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/47
|Ingredient in Gudadrak prayog
|Ingredient in Gudadrak prayog
|-
|-
|99
|99
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/50
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/50
|Ingredient in Kansaharitaki  Avaleh
|Ingredient in Kansaharitaki  Avaleh
|-
|-
|100
|100
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/55
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/55
|Ingredient in Chitrakadi  Ghrit
|Ingredient in Chitrakadi  Ghrit
|-
|-
|101
|101
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/62
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/62
|As a Pathya Diet In  treatment of Shvayathu
|As a Pathya Diet In  treatment of Shvayathu
|-
|-
|102
|102
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/70
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/70
|As a Snan dravya in Kaphaj  Shvayathu
|As a Snan dravya in Kaphaj  Shvayathu
|-
|-
|103
|103
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/73
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/73
|As an Unmardan dravya  in Kaphaj Shvayathu
|As an Unmardan dravya  in Kaphaj Shvayathu
|-
|-
|104
|104
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthan
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/79, 13/80
 
13/79, 13/80
|In treatment  of plihodara  
|In treatment  of plihodara  
|-
|-
|105
|105
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa sthan
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/84
 
13/84
|In  formulation of rohitaka ghrit  
|In  formulation of rohitaka ghrit  
|-
|-
|106
|106
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/102
 
Sthana 13/102
|In treatment  of sannipatodara  
|In treatment  of sannipatodara  
|-
|-
|107
|107
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/103
 
Sthana 13/103
|In treatment  of kaphodara(takraprayoga)  
|In treatment  of kaphodara(takraprayoga)  
|-
|-
|108
|108
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/104
 
Sthana13/104
|In treatment  of pleehodara(takraprayoga)  
|In treatment  of pleehodara(takraprayoga)  
|-
|-
|109
|109
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/105
 
Sthana13/105
|In treatment  of dakodara (takraprayoga)  
|In treatment  of dakodara (takraprayoga)  
|-
|-
|110
|110
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/110
 
Sthana13/110
|In treatment  of udararoga (for parisheka)  
|In treatment  of udararoga (for parisheka)  
|-
|-
|111
|111
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/112
 
Sthana13/112
|In  formulation of panchkola ghrit  
|In  formulation of panchkola ghrit  
|-
|-
|112
|112
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/115
 
Sthana13/115
|As an  ingredient of nagaradi ghrit  
|As an  ingredient of nagaradi ghrit  
|-
|-
|113
|113
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/122
 
Sthana 13/122
|After  virechana (balvruddhi arthe) mixed with dugdha.  
|After  virechana (balvruddhi arthe) mixed with dugdha.  
|-
|-
|114
|114
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/126
 
Sthana13/126
|As an  ingredient of narayan churna  
|As an  ingredient of narayan churna  
|-
|-
|115
|115
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/137
 
Sthana13/137
|As an  ingredient of nilinadya churna  
|As an  ingredient of nilinadya churna  
|-
|-
|116
|116
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/142
 
Sthana13/142
|Used in  sunthi sadhita jala after virechana by snuhisadhit ghrit  
|Used in  sunthi sadhita jala after virechana by snuhisadhit ghrit  
|-
|-
|117
|117
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/148
 
Sthana13/148
|Kalka  used in udara roga with ksheer  
|Kalka  used in udara roga with ksheer  
|-
|-
|118
|118
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/163
 
Sthana13/163
|As an  ingredient of kshara vatika  
|As an  ingredient of kshara vatika  
|-
|-
|119
|119
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/153
 
Sthana13/153
|Aadraka  swarasa with godugdha  
|Aadraka  swarasa with godugdha  
|-
|-
|120
|120
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/62
 
Sthana14/62
|As an  ingredient of traushnadi churna  
|As an  ingredient of traushnadi churna  
|-
|-
|121
|121
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/68
 
Sthana14/68
|Sunthi churna  with sidhu used in arsha roga  
|Sunthi churna  with sidhu used in arsha roga  
|-
|-
|122
|122
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/70
 
Sthana 14/70
|Sunthi and  bilva churna are given with yavani and chitraka kashaya  
|Sunthi and  bilva churna are given with yavani and chitraka kashaya  
|-
|-
|123
|123
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/71
 
Sthana14/71
|Palncakola  churna is given with takra  
|Palncakola  churna is given with takra  
|-
|-
|124
|124
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/89
 
Sthana14/89
|Used in peya,  khada yusha, ghrit, siddhant jala  
|Used in peya,  khada yusha, ghrit, siddhant jala  
|-
|-
|125
|125
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/92
 
Sthana14/92
|Used in  yavagu  
|Used in  yavagu  
|-
|-
|126
|126
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/97
 
Sthana 14/97
|It removes  constipation with matsyandika or amlaphala rasa or guda  
|It removes  constipation with matsyandika or amlaphala rasa or guda  
|-
|-
|127
|127
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/99
 
Sthana14/99
|Used for  Anuloman  
|Used for  Anuloman  
|-
|-
|128
|128
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/103
 
Sthana 14/103
|Use with  phanita and goghrit  
|Use with  phanita and goghrit  
|-
|-
|129
|129
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/104
 
Sthana 14/104
|As an  ingredient of pippalyadi ghrit  
|As an  ingredient of pippalyadi ghrit  
|-
|-
|130
|130
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/107
 
Sthana 14/107
|As an  ingredient of cavyadighrit  
|As an  ingredient of cavyadighrit  
|-
|-
|131
|131
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/110
 
Sthana 14/110
|As an  ingredient of nagaradya ghrit  
|As an  ingredient of nagaradya ghrit  
|-
|-
|132
|132
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/129
 
Sthana14/129
|Used as  anupan in arsha  
|Used as  anupan in arsha  
|-
|-
|133
|133
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/153
 
Sthana14/153
|As an  ingredient of dvitiya phalarista  
|As an  ingredient of dvitiya phalarista  
|-
|-
|134
|134
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/186
 
Sthana14/186


|Mixed with  kutajtwak kwath it stops bleeding from arsha  
|Mixed with  kutajtwak kwath it stops bleeding from arsha  
|-
|-
|135
|135
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/195
 
Sthana 14/195
|Used in rakta  arsha shoola  
|Used in rakta  arsha shoola  
|-
|-
|136
|136
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/231
 
Sthana 14/231
 
|As an  ingredient of hriberadi ghrit  
|As an  ingredient of hriberadi ghrit  
|-
|-
|137
|137
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/234
 
Sthana 14/234
|As an  ingredient of sunishanak changeri ghrit  
|As an  ingredient of sunishanak changeri ghrit  
|-
|-
|138
|138
|
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/76
Cha. Sa. Chi.15/76
|Panchakola  sadhit peya and Anna is given in Amaja grahani roga  
|Panchakola  sadhit peya and Anna is given in Amaja grahani roga  
|-
|-
|139
|139
|
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/82
Cha. Sa. Chi.15/82
|As an  ingredient of dashmuladya ghrit
|As an  ingredient of dashmuladya ghrit
|-
|-
|140
|140
|
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/87
Cha. Sa. Chi.15/87
|As an  ingredient of traushnaadi ghrit
|As an  ingredient of traushnaadi ghrit
|-
|-
|141
|141
|
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/88
Cha. Sa. Chi.15/88
|As an  ingredient of pancamuladhya ghrit evum churna
|As an  ingredient of pancamuladhya ghrit evum churna
|-
|-
|142
|142
|
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/96
Cha. Sa. Chi.15/96
|As an  ingredient of citrakadhya gutika
|As an  ingredient of citrakadhya gutika
|-
|-
|143
|143
|
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/98
Cha. Sa. Chi.15/98
|Kalka and  churna is used for aam pachana(with usnodaka)
|Kalka and  churna is used for aam pachana(with usnodaka)
|-
|-
|144
|144
|
|
Cha. Sa. Chi.15/99
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/99
|Churna of  this drug with combination of vaca,musta, etc. is given in aam and shoola  yukta mala
|Churna of  this drug with combination of vaca,musta, etc. is given in aam and shoola  yukta mala
|-
|-
|145
|145
|
|
Cha. Sa. Chi.15/103
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/103
|Used in  condition of shoola in kaphapittaja grahani
|Used in  condition of shoola in kaphapittaja grahani
|-
|-
|146
|146
|
|
Cha. Sa. Chi.15/105
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/105
|Used in  kaphapittaja grahani
|Used in  kaphapittaja grahani
|-
|-
|147
|147
|
|
Cha. Sa. Chi.15/106
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/106
|Agnivruddhiartha  and for alleviating kostha gaya kayu in grahaniroga
|Agnivruddhiartha  and for alleviating koshtha gata vayu in grahaniroga
|-
|-
|'''148'''
|148
|
|
Cha. Sa. Chi.15/112
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/112
|Used as an  
|Used as an yavagu
|-
|-
|149
|149
|
|
Cha. Sa. Chi.15/129
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/129
|ingredient of  yavagu
|ingredient of  yavagu
|-
|-
|150
|150
|
|
Cha. Sa. Chi.15/132
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/132
|As an  ingredient of Nagaradhya churna
|As an  ingredient of Nagaradya churna
|-
|-
|151
|151
|
|
Cha. Sa. Chi.15/137
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/137
|This drug is  used in treatment of pittajagrahani as an ingredient of Bhunimbadhya churna
|This drug is  used in treatment of pittajagrahani as an ingredient of Bhunimbadya churna
|-
|-
|152
|152
|
|
Cha. Sa. Chi.15/142
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/142
|As an  ingredient of Kiratadhya churna (Pittaja Grahani chiktsa)
|As an  ingredient of Kiratadya churna (Pittaja Grahani chiktsa)
|-
|-
|153
|153
|
|
Cha. Sa. Chi.15/168
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/168
|Used as peya  padartha in Kaphaja grahani
|Used as peya  padartha in Kaphaja grahani
|-
|-
|154
|154
|
|
Cha. Sa. Chi.15/171
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/171
|Used in  treatment of Kaphaja grahani
|Used in  treatment of Kaphaja grahani
|-
|-
|155
|155
|
|
Cha. Sa. Chi.15/177
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/177
|As an  ingredient of Pipallimuladhya Kshara
|As an  ingredient of Pipallimuladya Kshara
|-
|-
|156
|156
|
|
Cha. Sa. Chi.15/189
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/189
|As an  ingredient of Bhallataka Kshara
|As an  ingredient of Bhallataka Kshara
|-
|-
|157
|157
|
|
Cha. Sa. Chi.15/89
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/89
|As an  ingredient of pancamuladhya ghrit evum churna
|As an  ingredient of pancamuladya ghrita evum churna
|-
|-
|158
|158
|Cha.Sa. Chi. 16/44
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/44


|As an ingredient of Dadimadi Ghrit
|As an ingredient of Dadimadi Ghrit
|-
|-
|159
|159
|Cha.Sa. Chi. 16/66
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/66
|Used in Swarnakshiradi yoga
|Used in Swarnakshiradi yoga
|-
|-
|160
|160
|Cha.Sa. Chi. 16/72
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]]  16/72
|As in ingredient of mandur bhasma prayoga
|As in ingredient of mandur bhasma prayoga
|-
|-
|161
|161
|Cha.Sa. Chi. 16/87
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/87
|As in ingredient of Shilajatu Vataka
|As in ingredient of Shilajatu Vataka
|-
|-
|162
|162
|Cha.Sa. Chi. 16/100
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/100
|As in ingredient of Dhatryavleha
|As in ingredient of Dhatryavleha
|-
|-
|163
|163
|Cha.Sa. Chi. 16/129
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/129
|Used as Pathya in Shakhashrit Kamla 
|Used as Pathya in Shakhashrit Kamla 
|-
|-
|164
|164
|Cha.Sa. Chi. 16/44
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/44


|As an ingredient of Dadimadi Ghrit
|As an ingredient of Dadimadi Ghrit
|-
|-
|165
|165
|Cha.Sa. Chi. 16/66
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/66
|Used in Swarnakshiradi yoga
|Used in Swarnakshiradi yoga
|-
|-
|166
|166
|Cha.Sa. Chi. 16/72
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/72
|As in ingredient of mandur bhasma prayoga
|As in ingredient of mandur bhasma prayoga
|-
|-
|167
|167
|Cha.Sa. Chi. 16/87
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/87
|As in ingredient of Shilajatu Vataka
|As in ingredient of Shilajatu Vataka
|-
|-
|168
|168
|Cha.Sa. Chi. 16/100
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/100
|As in ingredient of Dhatryavleha
|As in ingredient of Dhatryavleha
|-
|-
|169
|169
|Cha.Sa. Chi. 16/129
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/129
|Used as Pathya in Shakhashrit Kamla 
|Used as Pathya in Shakhashrit Kamla 
|-
|-
|170
|170
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/97
 
17/97
|Used in yusha  preparation for hikka svasa
|Used in yusha  preparation for hikka svasa
|-
|-
|171
|171
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/100
 
17/100
|Used in yusha  preparation for hikka svasa
|Used in yusha  preparation for hikka svasa
|-
|-
|172
|172
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/102
 
17/102
|Used in yavagu preparation  for hikka svasa
|Used in yavagu preparation  for hikka svasa
|-
|-
|173
|173
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/104
 
17/104
|Used as annapana for  hikka svasa
|Used as annapana for  hikka svasa
|-
|-
|174
|174
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/109
 
17/109
|As an ingredient of  sauvarchaladi churna
|As an ingredient of  sauvarchaladi churna
|-
|-
|175
|175
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/110
 
17/110
|Kalka is used in  hikka svasa
|Kalka is used in  hikka svasa
|-
|-
|176
|176
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/111
 
17/111
|Used in preparation  of Utkarika.
|Used in preparation  of Utkarika.
|-
|-
|177
|177
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/123
 
|As an ingredient of  shatyadi churna.
17/123
|As an ingredient of  satyadi churna.
|-
|-
|178
|178
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/130
 
17/130
|Churna mixed with  guda is used for prashana and nasya
|Churna mixed with  guda is used for prashana and nasya
|-
|-
|179
|179
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/136
 
17/136
|Used as lehya.
|Used as lehya.
|-
|-
|180
|180
|Cha.sa.chi.18/112
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/112


|Use as an  ingredient of kataphaladi kwath.
|Use as an  ingredient of kataphaladi kwath.
|-
|-
|181
|181
|Cha.sa.chi.18/114
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/114
|Use as an  ingredient of pathadi kalka.
|Use as an  ingredient of pathadi kalka.
|-
|-
|182
|182
|Cha.sa.chi.18/36
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/36
|As a ghrita  dravya
|As a ghrita  dravya
|-
|-
|183
|183
|Cha.sa.chi.18/47
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/47
|As a yoga dravya
|As a yoga dravya
|-
|-
|184
|184
|
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/49
Cha.sa.chi.18/49
|
|
As a yoga dravya
As a yoga dravya
Line 896: Line 857:
|185
|185
|
|
Cha.sa.chi.18/63
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/63
|As a yoga dravya
|As a yoga dravya
|-
|-
|186
|186
|
|
Cha.sa.chi.18/74  
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/74  
|As an ingredient  of dhumapan yoga.
|As an ingredient  of dhumapan yoga.
|-
|-
|187
|187
|Cha.sa.chi.18/77
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/77
|As an ingredient  of peya yoga.
|As an ingredient  of peya yoga.
|-
|-
|188
|188
|Cha.sa.chi.18/99
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/99


|Use in treatment  of pittaj kasa.
|Use in treatment  of pittaj kasa.
|-
|-
|189
|189
|Cha.sa.chi.18/106
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/106
|As an ingredient  of sarkaradi yoga.
|As an ingredient  of sarkaradi yoga.
|-
|-
|190
|190
|Cha.sa.chi.18/115
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/115
|As an ingredient  of nagaradi yoga.
|As an ingredient  of nagaradi yoga.
|-
|-
|191
|191
|Cha.sa.chi.18/118
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/118
|As an ingredient  of yoga which use in vataanubandhi kapha.
|As an ingredient  of yoga which use in vataanubandhi kapha.
|-
|-
|192
|192
|Cha.sa.chi.18/122
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/122
|Use in vataj and  kaphaj kasa.
|Use in vataj and  kaphaj kasa.
|-
|-
|193
|193
|Cha.sa.chi.18/146
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/146


|As an ingredient  of manahsiladi dhoom.
|As an ingredient  of manahsiladi dhoom.
|-
|-
|194
|194
|Cha.sa.chi.18/159
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/159
|As an ingredient  of dwipanchamuladi ghrita.
|As an ingredient  of dwipanchamuladi ghrita.
|-
|-
|195
|195
|Cha.sa.chi.18/161
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/161
|As an ingredient  of guduchyadi ghrita.
|As an ingredient  of guduchyadi ghrita.
|-
|-
|196
|196
|Cha.sa.chi.18/163
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/163
|As an ingredient  of kasamaryadi ghrita.
|As an ingredient  of kasamaryadi ghrita.
|-
|-
|197
|197
|Cha.sa.chi.18/87
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/87
|As a yoga dravya  in treatmen of pittaj kasa
|As a yoga dravya  in treatmen of pittaj kasa
|-
|-
|198
|198
|Cha.sa.chi.18/120
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/120
|As a yoga  dravya.
|As a yoga  dravya.
|-
|-
|199
|199
|
|
Cha.sa.chi.19/20
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/20
|
|
As a pramthya dravya
As a pramthya dravya
|-
|-
|200
|200
|Cha.sa.chi.19/26
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/26


|As a Ingridient of dipaniya and sangrahi gana
|As a Ingridient of dipaniya and sangrahi gana
|-
|-
|201
|201
|Cha.sa.chi.19/37
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/37
|As a prakshep dravya
|As a prakshep dravya
|-
|-
|202
|202
|Cha.sa.chi.19/40
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/40
|As a yoga dravya in treatment of purisha kshaya.
|As a yoga dravya in treatment of purisha kshaya.
|-
|-
|203
|203
|Cha.sa.chi.19/43
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/43
|As an ingredient of changeri ghrita
|As an ingredient of changeri ghrita
|-
|-
|204
|204
|Cha.sa.chi.19/53
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/53
|As a yoga dravya in pittaj atisara.
|As a yoga dravya in pittaj atisara.
|-
|-
|205
|205
|Cha.sa.chi.19/54
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/54
|As a yoga dravya in pittaj atisara.
|As a yoga dravya in pittaj atisara.
|-
|-
|206
|206
|Cha.sa.chi.19/107
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/107
|As a yoga dravya in ajajyadi churna.
|As a yoga dravya in ajajyadi churna.
|-
|-
|207
|207
|Cha.sa.chi.19/108
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/108
|As a yoga dravya in rasanjanadi churna.
|As a yoga dravya in rasanjanadi churna.
|-
|-
|208
|208
|Cha.sa.chi.19/109
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/109
|As a yoga dravya.
|As a yoga dravya.
|-
|-
|209
|209
|Cha.sa.chi.19/110
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/110
|As a yoga dravya.
|As a yoga dravya.
|-
|-
|210
|210
|Cha.sa.chi.19/111
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/111
|As a yoga dravya
|As a yoga dravya
|-
|-
|211
|211
|Cha.chi.19/54
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/54
|As a yoga dravya in treatment of pittaj atisara
|As a yoga dravya in treatment of pittaj atisara
|-
|-
|212
|212
|Cha.sa.chi.19/22
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/22
|As a amapachak dravya
|As a amapachak dravya
|-
|-
|213
|213
|Cha.chi.19/80
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/80
|As a ingredient of darvyadi ghrita .
|As a ingredient of darvyadi ghrita .
|-
|-
|214
|214
|Cha.chi.19/104
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/104
|As a kwath dravya
|As a kwath dravya
|-
|-
|215
|215
|
|
Cha.chi.19/114
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/114
|
|
As a yoga dravya
As a yoga dravya
|-
|-
|216
|216
|Cha.Sa.Chi.21/58
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/58
|For kashaya  pana.
|For kashaya  pana.
|-
|-
|217
|217
|Cha.Sa.Chi.23/189
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/189


|Used in the treatment of Kapha pradhana visha, as a  pratisarana prayoga.
|Used in the treatment of Kapha pradhana visha, as a  pratisarana prayoga.
|-
|-
|218
|218
|Cha.Sa.Chi.23/205
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/205
|Used in the treatment of Mushika visha.
|Used in the treatment of Mushika visha.
|-
|-
|219
|219
|Cha.Sa.Chi.23/209
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/209
|Used in the treatment of vrushchika visha.
|Used in the treatment of vrushchika visha.
|-
|-
|220
|220
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/13
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/13
|Used to make Udavarta  varti.
|Used to make Udavarta  varti.
|-
|-
|221
|221
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/22
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/22
|As an ingredient of 2<sup>nd</sup>  Dviruttarahingvadi churna.
|As an ingredient of 2<sup>nd</sup>  Dviruttarahingvadi churna.
|-
|-
|222
|222
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/55
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/55
|As an ingredient of  Vyoshadi churn used in Kaphaja mutrakruchhra.
|As an ingredient of  Vyoshadi churn used in Kaphaja mutrakruchhra.
|-
|-
|223
|223
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/60
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/60
|As an ingredient of Pashanbhedadi  churna.
|As an ingredient of Pashanbhedadi  churna.
|-
|-
|224
|224
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/83
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/83
|As an ingredient of  Haritakyadi Ghrita.
|As an ingredient of  Haritakyadi Ghrita.
|-
|-
|225
|225
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/84
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/84
|Used in Vataja Hrudroga.
|Used in Vataja Hrudroga.
|-
|-
|226
|226
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/85
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/85
|As an ingredient of  Pushkarmuladi yoga.
|As an ingredient of  Pushkarmuladi yoga.
|-
|-
|227
|227
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/87
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/87
|As an ingredient of Trushanadi Ghrita.
|As an ingredient of Trushanadi Ghrita.
|-
|-
|228
|228
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/94
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/94
|As an ingredient of Kasherukadi Ghrita.
|As an ingredient of Kasherukadi Ghrita.
|-
|-
|229
|229
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/97
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/97
|As an ingredient of Katphaladi kashaya used in  kaphaja hrudroga.
|As an ingredient of Katphaladi kashaya used in  kaphaja hrudroga.
|-
|-
|230
|230
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/97
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/97
|Used in kaphaja hrudroga.
|Used in kaphaja hrudroga.
|-
|-
|231
|231
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/98
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/98
|As an ingredient of  Udumbaravleha.
|As an ingredient of  Udumbaravleha.
|-
|-
|232
|232
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/144
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/144
|Used as shruta paya in  kaphaja pratishyaya.
|Used as shruta paya in  kaphaja pratishyaya.
|-
|-
|233
|233
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/150
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/150
|Used in Kaphaja  Pratishyaya.
|Used in Kaphaja  Pratishyaya.
|-
|-
|234
|234
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/152
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/152
|Used in Kaphaja  Pratishyaya for pradhamana.
|Used in Kaphaja  Pratishyaya for pradhamana.
|-
|-
|235
|235
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/156
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/156
|Pathya anna in kaphaja  pratishyaya.
|Pathya anna in kaphaja  pratishyaya.
|-
|-
|236
|236
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/186
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/186
|Used in Kaphaja Siroroga  for Avapeeda nasya.
|Used in Kaphaja Siroroga  for Avapeeda nasya.
|-
|-
|237
|237
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/192
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/192
|As an ingredient of Kshara  gutika.
|As an ingredient of Kshara  gutika.
|-
|-
|238
|238
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/194
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/194
|As an ingredient of Kalak  churna.
|As an ingredient of Kalak  churna.
|-
|-
|239
|239
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/198
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/198
|As an ingredient of  Mrudvikadi churna.
|As an ingredient of  Mrudvikadi churna.
|-
|-
|240
|240
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/217
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/217
|Used in Kavala in  Arochaka.
|Used in Kavala in  Arochaka.
|-
|-
|241
|241
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/222
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/222
|Used in Hingvadi taila in  Karnapoorana.
|Used in Hingvadi taila in  Karnapoorana.
|-
|-
|242
|242
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/223
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/223
|Used in Devadarvyadi taila  in Karnashoola.
|Used in Devadarvyadi taila  in Karnashoola.
|-
|-
|243
|243
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/226
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/226
|As an ingredient of Kshara  taila.
|As an ingredient of Kshara  taila.
|-
|-
|244
|244
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/232
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/232
|Used in Vataja netra roga.
|Used in Vataja netra roga.
|-
|-
|245
|245
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/239
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/239
|Used in Kaphaja netra roga  for Aaschotana karma.
|Used in Kaphaja netra roga  for Aaschotana karma.
|-
|-
|246
|246
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/242
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/242
|As an ingredient of  Saindhavadi varti.
|As an ingredient of  Saindhavadi varti.
|-
|-
|247
|247
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/252
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/252
|As an ingredient of  Sukhavati varti.
|As an ingredient of  Sukhavati varti.
|-
|-
|248
|248
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/287
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/287
|Used in Kaphaja swarbheda.
|Used in Kaphaja swarbheda.
|-
|-
|249
|249
|Cha.Sa.Chi.22/45
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/45


|As an ingredient  of Saindhavadi Taila
|As an ingredient  of Saindhavadi Taila
|-
|-
|250
|250
|Cha.Sa.Chi.22/47
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/47
|As an ingredient  of Ashtakatvar Taila
|As an ingredient  of Ashtakatvar Taila
|-
|-
|251
|251
|Ca.Sa.Chi.27/52
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/52
|As an ingredient  of Tarkaryadi Parisechana
|As an ingredient  of Tarkaryadi Parisechana
|-
|-
|252
|252
|Cha.Sa.Chi.28/122
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/122
|As an ingredient of Chitrakadi ghrita.
|As an ingredient of Chitrakadi ghrita.
|-
|-
|253
|253
|Cha.Sa.Chi.28/137
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/137
|As an ingredient of Mulaka taila.
|As an ingredient of Mulaka taila.
|-
|-
|254
|254
|Cha.Sa.Chi.28/168
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/168
|As an ingredient of Mulakadhya taila.
|As an ingredient of Mulakadhya taila.
|-
|-
|255
|255
|Cha.Sa.Chi.28/172
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/172
|As an ingredient of Mulaka taila.
|As an ingredient of Mulaka taila.
|-
|-
|256
|256
|Cha.Sa.Chi.28/147
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/147
|As an ingredient of Shvdamstra taila.
|As an ingredient of Shvdamstra taila.
|-
|-
|257
|257
|Cha.Sa.Chi.30/89
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/89
|Used in the treatment of Vataja Asrigdara.
|Used in the treatment of Vataja Asrigdara.
|-
|-
|258
|258
|Cha.Sa.Chi.30/261
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/261
|As a paniya yoga, in the treatment of Stanya dosha.
|As a paniya yoga, in the treatment of Stanya dosha.
|-
|-
|259
|259
|Cha.Sa.Chi.30/266
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/266
|Used in the treatment of Phena sanghat.
|Used in the treatment of Phena sanghat.
|-
|-
|260
|260
|Cha.Sa.Chi.30/266
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/266
|Used in the treatment of Phena sanghat, As an  ingredient of Anjanadi lepa.
|Used in the treatment of Phena sanghat, As an  ingredient of Anjanadi lepa.
|-
|-
|261
|261
|Cha.Sa.Chi.30/277
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/277
|Used in the treatment of Pichhila stanya.
|Used in the treatment of Pichhila stanya.
|-
|-
|262
|262
|Cha.Sa.Chi.30/280
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/280
|Used in the treatment of Gaurava stanya dosha, as an  ingredient of Pippalyadi kwatha.
|Used in the treatment of Gaurava stanya dosha, as an  ingredient of Pippalyadi kwatha.
|-
|-
|263
|263
|Cha.Sa.Chi.30/92
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/92
|As an ingredient of Pushyanuga churna.
|As an ingredient of Pushyanuga churna.
|-
|-
|264
|264
|Cha.Sa.Chi.30/267
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/267
|Used in the treatment of Phena sanghat, As an  ingredient of Kiratatiktadi kwatha.
|Used in the treatment of Phena sanghat, As an  ingredient of Kiratatiktadi kwatha.
|-
|}
|}


== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==  
==Dose<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I:65.</ref>==
 
* Churna – 1 – 2 gm


{| class="wikitable"
==Important formulations<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I:65.</ref>==
|+ Properties
|-
! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
|-
| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]])  || Pungent (katu)
|-
| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) ||Hot (ushna)
|-
| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Sweet (madhura)
|-
| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])|| Heavy (guru), Rough (ruksha), Sharp (tikshna)
|-
| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Pacify Vata and Kapha
|-
|}


* Saubhagya Shunthi
* Saubhagya Vati
* Trikatu Churna
* Vaishvanara Churna
== Current availability==  
== Current availability==  


Available  
Available  
* In India –
Kerala, Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Karnataka, Odisha, West bengal
* Out of India –
China, Nigeria, Indonesia, Thailand, Jamaica, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Nepal, Vietnam, Philippines


== Current researches ==
== Current researches ==
== Phytochemical Architecture ==
The processing of fresh ginger into Shunthi significantly shifts its chemical composition. The primary thermogenic and bioactive markers are phenolic compounds and volatile oils<ref>'''Unuofin, J. O., et al.''' (2021). ''Phytochemical structures and therapeutic potentials of Zingiber officinale compounds.'' Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 273, 113997.</ref>:
* '''Gingerols ([6]-, [8]-, and [10]-gingerol):''' The primary pungent fluid components dominant in fresh ginger.
* '''Shogaols ([6]-, [8]-, and [10]-shogaol):''' Formed via the thermal dehydration of gingerols during the drying process. '''[6]-shogaol''' exhibits up to twice the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potency of its precursor, making Shunthi pharmacologically distinct from fresh ginger.<ref>'''Schepici, G., et al.''' (2021). ''The anti-inflammatory potential of ginger and its constituents in neurodegenerative and arthritic diseases.'' Molecules, 26(18), 5642.</ref>
* '''Zingerone & Paradols:''' Secondary degradation products that contribute significantly to free-radical scavenging.
* '''Volatile Oils (Sesquiterpenes):''' Comprising α-zingiberene, β-sesquiphellandrene, and ar-curcumene, responsible for its distinct aromatic properties.
== Modern Pharmacological Validation & Therapeutic Efficacy ==
=== A. Gastrointestinal Efficacy (Deepana, Pachana, & Anulomana) ===
Shunthi acts as a potent prokinetic and antiemetic agent via central and peripheral mechanisms.
* '''Antiemetic & Nausea Regulation:''' Clinical meta-analyses validate that oral doses ranging from 500 mg to 1,500 mg daily significantly reduce pregnancy-associated nausea and vomiting (NVP) as well as chemotherapy-induced emesis. The mechanism is mediated via the competitive antagonism of peripheral '''5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptors''' and cholinergic M3 receptors in the gastrointestinal tract.<ref>'''Ernst, E., & Pittler, M. H.''' (2000). ''Efficacy of ginger for nausea and vomiting: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials.'' British Journal of Anaesthesia, 84(3), 367-371.</ref>
* '''Gastroprotective and Prokinetic Action:''' Shunthi accelerates gastric emptying and stimulates gastric acid, bile, and pancreatic enzyme secretion, effectively resolving functional dyspepsia, abdominal bloating, and colicky pain.
=== B. Anti-Inflammatory & Analgesic Efficacy (Amavataghni) ===
In conditions like Rheumatoid Arthritis (''Amavata'') and Osteoarthritis, Shunthi acts as a natural dual-inhibitor of inflammatory cascades.
: '''Biochemical Mechanism:''' The active fractions ([6]-shogaol and [6]-gingerol) suppress the activation of Nuclear Factor-kappa B ('''NF-κB'''). This leads to down-regulation of '''COX-2''' (Cyclooxygenase-2) and '''LOX''' (Lipoxygenase) pathways, preventing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins (PGE<sub>2</sub>) and leukotrienes.<ref>'''Jalali, M., et al.''' (2020). ''The effects of ginger supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.'' Clinical Nutrition, 39(12), 3598-3606.</ref>
Unlike conventional Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), Shunthi exerts these anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive actions without compromising the gastric mucosa, due to its concurrent cytoprotective mucin-stimulating properties.
=== C. Cardio-Metabolic and Vascular Regulation (Hrudya) ===
Recent clinical and animal trials demonstrate that Shunthi exerts a multi-target protective effect on the cardiovascular and metabolic systems<ref name=":0">'''Wang, J., et al.''' (2017). ''Beneficial effects of ginger on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome: A systems-level overview.'' Phytomedicine, 34, 184-198.</ref>:
* '''Calcium Channel Blockade:''' Shunthi extracts display calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) channel-blocking activity, shifting Ca<sup>2+</sup> dose-response curves to relax vascular smooth muscles. This results in vasodilation and a systemic reduction in blood pressure.
* '''PPARα Agonism:''' It activates Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor alpha (PPARα), enhancing fatty acid oxidation in myocytes, thereby attenuating myocardial hypertrophy and reducing risks of atherosclerosis.
* '''Glycemic Control:''' Meta-analyses show that daily supplementation significantly lowers '''HbA1c''' and fasting blood glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients by improving insulin sensitivity and up-regulating GLUT4 transporters.<ref name=":0" />
<pre>
      [6]-Shogaol / [6]-Gingerol (Active Constituents)
                        │
        ┌────────────────┴────────────────┐
        ▼                                ▼
Inhibition of NF-κB              Ca²⁺ Channel Blockade
        │                                │
        ▼                                ▼
↓ COX-2 & LOX Pathways            Vasodilation of
(↓ CRP, ↓ TNF-α, ↓ PGE₂)        Vascular Smooth Muscle
        │                                │
        ▼                                ▼
Clinical: Alleviation of          Clinical: Reduction of
Arthritis & Joint Pain            Systemic Blood Pressure
</pre>
== Clinical Safety, Dosage, and Contraindications ==
Shunthi enjoys a wide therapeutic index and is designated as '''GRAS''' (Generally Recognized as Safe) by global regulatory bodies. However, its high thermal potency warrants structured clinical application.


[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
* '''Standard Therapeutic Dosage:'''
** ''Churna (Crude Powder):'' 1 - 3 g per day in divided doses.<ref>'''Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API).''' ''Zingiber officinale Rosc. - Rhizome Monograph.'' Part-I, Volume I, Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.</ref>
** ''Extract:'' 250 - 500 mg two to three times daily.
* '''Adverse Effects:''' Excessive consumption on an empty stomach may occasionally cause mild heartburn, eructation, or gastric irritation in highly sensitive ''Pitta''-dominant individuals.
* '''Drug Interactions:''' Due to its mild anti-platelet and calcium-channel-blocking properties, cautious monitoring is recommended when co-administered with high-dose synthetic anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin) or prescription antihypertensives.
* '''Contraindications:''' Acute peptic ulceration, active GI bleeding, and inflammatory dermatological conditions characterized by extreme ''Pitta'' vitiation.


This article is under development ..
== References ==
[[Index.php?title=Category:Database of herbs and minerals| Herbs]]
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