Vyadhita Rupiya Vimana: Difference between revisions

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The chapter deals with importance of ''dehabala'' (physical strength) and ''sattvabala'' (psychological strength) in assessing the severity and prognosis of diseases. If a physician masters the art of assessing properly the physical and psychological strength, he never fails in proper prognosis and management of patients.

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Lord Atreya replied to him—O Agnivesha! Twenty types of pathogenic parasites have been mentioned here from various points of view, the non-pathogenic are other ones described elsewhere. They, being divided as per their source of genesis, are of four types-developing in feces, in  mucus, in blood and developing from external excreta.[9]

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Their treatment is - extraction, removal of external excreta from the body and to avoid the factors which are responsible for production of excreta. [10]

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Thus ends the seventh chapter on the [[Vyadhita Rupiya Vimana]] in [[Vimana Sthana]] in the treatise composed by Agnivesha and redacted by Charak.

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This chapter has two parts in which first eight stanzas are concerned with the efficiency of physician in diagnostic accuracy whereas second part deals with parasitology. Thus, tatva and vidhi vimarsha is being described separately for both portion.  

#The partial knowledge is not sufficient to have proper understanding of that subject. Thus, the knowledge of all aspects of the concept with all the possible tools is essential for complete understanding of that concept.

#Understanding of physical and mental strength is essential for assessing the proper diagnosis and the severity of disease.

#''Krimis'' are classified as external and internal variety mainly. They are further sub classified based upon etiology, habitat, morphology, color, nomenclature, pathogenesis and treatment.

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In the era of clinical diagnosis it was very important that the physician should not do only proper diagnosis but should also assess the severity of disease so he is able to provide proper treatment without causing any harm to the patient. Hence patients should have thorough physical examination and appropriate diagnostic tests.[[Vimana Sthana]] predominantly contains the diagnostic tools. The ten point examination method of drugs is also mentioned.

[[Ayurveda]] describes two kinds of organisms, namely ''prakrita'' (non-pathogenic), and ''vaikrita'' (pathogenic). Also described are two categories of pathogens/parasites, namely, external and internal. The internal organisms are mainly of three categories in terms of their natural environments: those that thrive on mucus (''shleshma''), those thriving in fecal matter, and those thriving in blood. Some of these, particularly the ones thriving in fecal matter seem to be intestinal parasites while others simulate microbes. The texts repeatedly advocate protecting surgical wounds from these organisms. There is also a clear description of vector borne diseases and that diseases such as leprosy, tuberculosis, conjunctivitis and fever as contagious diseases spread by contact with other patients or vectors.

This recognition of the existence of these friendly ''prakrita'' (non-pathogenic organisms) by [[Ayurveda]] thousands of years ago is of great historical significance.

Since [[Charak Samhita]] was written, there has been enormous advancement in the field of infectious diseases, especially in the last one hundred years. This advancement is mainly in the field of ''Apakarshana'' (removal of micro-organisms and parasites) but old principles of prevention are still current. This edition of [[Charak Samhita]] has brief mention of those and reader is referred to infectious disease books for detailed knowledge.   

#Enhancing ''yuktikrita bala'' or artificially-induced immunity.

The most important aspect of the management of any disease specifically ''krimi roga'' is the avoidance of aetiological factors by following good hygiene like clean water and food and avoid transmission from direct contact like clothing and physical contact etc. Infestation by parasites is common in people who eat food before the digestion of previous meals, excessive sweet and sour food prepared of flour, jaggery like cake/pastries etc. and sedentary lifestyle. Hence consumption of these items can be avoided for the proper treatment and prevention of re-infestation.

   

Ayurvedic management of parasites is recommended for expulsion of worms/parasites from gut, skin and wounds. Most of the drugs mentioned for the management are for the intestinal worms. Some drugs have also been specified for parasites of skin like lice. A long list of drugs is available in various classical texts, however following few drugs has been used widely by Ayurvedic researchers. Most commonly used drugs are:

Mass deworming is done by World Health Organization (WHO) in certain areas of the world where helminthiasis is common. Although deworming improves the health of an individual, outcomes from mass deworming campaigns, such as reduced deaths or increases in cognitive ability, nutritional benefits, physical growth, and performance, are uncertain or not apparent.

In case of recurrent worm infestations, emerging drug resistance to known anti-parasitic agents, together with the inability of these agents to prevent re-infection and relapse, further complicates the disease scenario<ref> Ahmad R, Khan T, Ahmad B, Misra A, Balapure AK. Neurocysticercosis: a review on status in India, management, and current therapeutic interventions. Parasitology Research, Jan;116(1):21-33. Epub 2016 Oct 24. </ref>. In such cases, ''nidana parivarjana'' and ''prakrityvighata'' becomes important to follow for prevention. Drug Resistance is a big problem in the field of infectious diseases.  

There are specific methods and approaches to tackle the categories of immune disorders. It is evident from the description of ''ojabala'' and ''bala-dosha'' that immunology was highly advanced in ''samhita'' period of [[Ayurveda]] and the knowledge in this field was comparable to the current knowledge of immunology.

Even though microscopy became available in 17th century, microbiology and parasitology was known and described in Ayurvedic classics in the context of immunity and body resistance. For an individual to possess immunity adequate ''ojas, bala'' and ''vyadhiksamatva'' is necessary. Role of microbes in causing disease became known to modern medicine in the last two centuries and since then discovery of antibiotics and vaccination there has been rapid advancements in the field of infectious diseases and saved millions of lives. However, indiscriminate use of antibiotics has caused change in body microbiome with resultant increase in various chronic and autoimmune diseases. Use of vaccination is also under cloud these days. Ayurvedic knowledge of ''yuktikrit bala'' or artificially-induced immunity by ''rasayana'', lifestyle and suitable diet can be very useful in prevention and treatment of microbial diseases.

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*Seed oils of Gynandropsis gynandra, impatiens balsamina, Celastrus paniculata, Embelia ribes and Mucuna pruriens exhibited moderate to significant anhelminthic activity. Embelia ribes showed the best anthelminthic property in parameters of time of paralysis and death of the worm.(SS Jalalpure, KR Alagawadi, CS Mahajanashetti, MN Shah, Salahuddin, Vijay Singh, JK Patil; Dept of pharmacognocy and phytochemistry, KLESC Belgaum, 2007, vol-69-p158-160)

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#Charak Samhita, Edited with Vaidyamanorama Hindi commentary by Acharya Vidyadhara Shukla and Prof Ravidatta Tripathi, Choukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthana.

#Charak Samhita, Edited with Caraka Chndrika Hindi commentary by Dr. Brahmanand Tripathi, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan.