Changes

Tanduleeyaka (Amaranthus blitum) mixed with the juice of kaakanda (Mucuna prurita) is the prominent one among the anti poisonous and so is kakapiluka mixed with peacocks bile.(217)

Tanduleeyaka (Amaranthus blitum) mixed with the juice of kaakanda (Mucuna prurita) is the prominent one among the anti poisonous and so is kakapiluka mixed with peacocks bile.(217)

Pancha shirisha agada:

==== Pancha shirisha agada ====

 

शिरीषफलमूलत्वक्पुष्पपत्रैः समैर्धृतैः |  

शिरीषफलमूलत्वक्पुष्पपत्रैः समैर्धृतैः |  

श्रेष्ठः पञ्चशिरीषोऽयं विषाणां प्रवरो वधे ||२१८||  

श्रेष्ठः पञ्चशिरीषोऽयं विषाणां प्रवरो वधे ||२१८||  

The five parts- root, fruit, bark, flower and leaf of shireesha (Albizzia lebbeck ) taken together in equal quantity is known as pancashireesha agada which is the best one for destroying the poison.(218)

The five parts- root, fruit, bark, flower and leaf of shireesha (Albizzia lebbeck ) taken together in equal quantity is known as pancashireesha agada which is the best one for destroying the poison.(218)

चतुष्पद्भिर्द्विपद्भिर्वा नखदन्तक्षतं तु यत् |  

चतुष्पद्भिर्द्विपद्भिर्वा नखदन्तक्षतं तु यत् |  

शूयते पच्यते चापि स्रवति ज्वरयत्यपि ||२१९||  

शूयते पच्यते चापि स्रवति ज्वरयत्यपि ||२१९||  

If the wound caused by the nails of teeth of quadrupeds or bipeds is swollen, inflamed and oozing and associated with fever, the paste of somavalka (Acacia catechu),  ashwakarna (Dipterocarpus alatus), gojiwha (Onosma bracteatum), hamsapaadi (Adiantum lunulatum), haridra (Curcuma longa),  daruharidra (Berberis aristata) and gairika (red ochre) should be applied. It alleviates poisoning due to nails and teeth.(219-220)

If the wound caused by the nails of teeth of quadrupeds or bipeds is swollen, inflamed and oozing and associated with fever, the paste of somavalka (Acacia catechu),  ashwakarna (Dipterocarpus alatus), gojiwha (Onosma bracteatum), hamsapaadi (Adiantum lunulatum), haridra (Curcuma longa),  daruharidra (Berberis aristata) and gairika (red ochre) should be applied. It alleviates poisoning due to nails and teeth.(219-220)

Shanka visha (pseudo poisoning):

 

==== Shanka visha (pseudo poisoning) ====

 

दुरन्धकारे विद्धस्य केनचिद्विषशङ्कया |  

दुरन्धकारे विद्धस्य केनचिद्विषशङ्कया |  

विषोद्वेगाज्ज्वरशछर्दिर्मूर्च्छा दाहोऽपि वा भवेत् ||२२१||  

विषोद्वेगाज्ज्वरशछर्दिर्मूर्च्छा दाहोऽपि वा भवेत् ||२२१||  

The wise physician should console the patient and administer the portion of sharkara (Sugar candy), saugandhika (Nymphaea alba), draksha (Vitis vinifera), payasya (Ipomea dioitata), madhuka (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and honey. At the same time the body should be sponged with water purified with incantations besides consoling and exhilarating measures.(221-223)

The wise physician should console the patient and administer the portion of sharkara (Sugar candy), saugandhika (Nymphaea alba), draksha (Vitis vinifera), payasya (Ipomea dioitata), madhuka (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and honey. At the same time the body should be sponged with water purified with incantations besides consoling and exhilarating measures.(221-223)

Suitable diet in treatment of poisoning:  

==== Suitable diet in treatment of poisoning ====

   

शालयः षष्टिकाश्चैव कोरदूषाः प्रियङ्गवः |  

शालयः षष्टिकाश्चैव कोरदूषाः प्रियङ्गवः |  

भोजनार्थे प्रशस्यन्ते लवणार्थे च सैन्धवम् ||२२४||  

भोजनार्थे प्रशस्यन्ते लवणार्थे च सैन्धवम् ||२२४||  

Shali rice (Foeniculum vulgare), shashtika rice (Oriza sativa), common millet and Indian millet are recommended as diet and rock salt for salting purpose.(224)

Shali rice (Foeniculum vulgare), shashtika rice (Oriza sativa), common millet and Indian millet are recommended as diet and rock salt for salting purpose.(224)

तण्डुलीयकजीवन्तीवार्ताकसुनिषण्णकाः |  

तण्डुलीयकजीवन्तीवार्ताकसुनिषण्णकाः |  

चुच्चूर्मण्डूकपर्णी च शाकं च कुलकं हितम् ||२२५||  

चुच्चूर्मण्डूकपर्णी च शाकं च कुलकं हितम् ||२२५||  

Tanduleeyaka (Amaranthus spinosus), jeevanti (Leptadenia reticulate), vartaka (Solanum melongena), sunishannaka (Solanum melongena), cuccur (Corchorus aestuans) , mandukaparni (Centella asiatica), shaka and  kulaka (Trichosanthus dioica) are wholesome as vegetables.(225)

Tanduleeyaka (Amaranthus spinosus), jeevanti (Leptadenia reticulate), vartaka (Solanum melongena), sunishannaka (Solanum melongena), cuccur (Corchorus aestuans) , mandukaparni (Centella asiatica), shaka and  kulaka (Trichosanthus dioica) are wholesome as vegetables.(225)

धात्री दाडिममम्लार्थे यूषा मुद्गहरेणुभिः |  

धात्री दाडिममम्लार्थे यूषा मुद्गहरेणुभिः |  

Soups and meat juices prepared with drugs curative of poisons and the food which is non irritant are the remedies in cases of poison.(227)

Soups and meat juices prepared with drugs curative of poisons and the food which is non irritant are the remedies in cases of poison.(227)

Unsuitable diet and lifestyle:

 

==== Unsuitable diet and lifestyle ====

 

विरुद्धाध्यशनक्रोधक्षुद्भयायासमैथुनम् |  

विरुद्धाध्यशनक्रोधक्षुद्भयायासमैथुनम् |  

वर्जयेद्विषमुक्तोऽपि दिवास्वप्नं विशेषतः ||२२८||  

वर्जयेद्विषमुक्तोऽपि दिवास्वप्नं विशेषतः ||२२८||  

The person though cured of poison should avoid antagonistic diet, over feeding, anger, fear, exertion and sexual intercourse and day sleep particularly.(228)

The person though cured of poison should avoid antagonistic diet, over feeding, anger, fear, exertion and sexual intercourse and day sleep particularly.(228)

Signs of poisoning in quadruped animals:

 

==== Signs of poisoning in quadruped animals ====

 

मुहुर्मुहुः शिरोन्यासः शोथः स्रस्तौष्ठकर्णाता |  

मुहुर्मुहुः शिरोन्यासः शोथः स्रस्तौष्ठकर्णाता |  

ज्वरः स्तब्धाक्षिगात्रत्वं हनुकम्पोऽङ्गमर्दनम् ||२२९||  

ज्वरः स्तब्धाक्षिगात्रत्वं हनुकम्पोऽङ्गमर्दनम् ||२२९||  

Repeated jerks of the head, oedema, drooping of the lips and the ears, fever, rigidity of the eyes and limbs, tremors of the jaw, contortions of the body, falling of hair, exhaustion, depression, trembling, and circumbulation are the symptoms in quadrupeds bitten by poisonous creatures.(229-230)

Repeated jerks of the head, oedema, drooping of the lips and the ears, fever, rigidity of the eyes and limbs, tremors of the jaw, contortions of the body, falling of hair, exhaustion, depression, trembling, and circumbulation are the symptoms in quadrupeds bitten by poisonous creatures.(229-230)

Treatment of poisoning in animals:

==== Treatment of poisoning in animals ====

 

देवदारु हरिद्रे द्वे सरलं चन्दनागुरु |  

देवदारु हरिद्रे द्वे सरलं चन्दनागुरु |  

रास्ना गोरोचनाऽजाजी गुग्गुल्विक्षुरसो नतम् ||२३१||  

रास्ना गोरोचनाऽजाजी गुग्गुल्विक्षुरसो नतम् ||२३१||  

Devadaru (Cedrus deoda), haridra, (Curcuma longa) daruharidra (Berberis aristata), sarala (Pinus longifolia), chandana (Santalum album), aguru (Aqualaria agallocha), rasna (Alpinio officinarum), gorocana (Bile of cow), ajaji (Cuminum cyminum), guggulu (Commiphora mukul), ikshurasa (Saccharum officinarum), nata  churna, saindhava (rock salt), ananta  along with cows bile and honey makes a universal remedy for poisonous bites in the quadrupeds.(231-232)

Devadaru (Cedrus deoda), haridra, (Curcuma longa) daruharidra (Berberis aristata), sarala (Pinus longifolia), chandana (Santalum album), aguru (Aqualaria agallocha), rasna (Alpinio officinarum), gorocana (Bile of cow), ajaji (Cuminum cyminum), guggulu (Commiphora mukul), ikshurasa (Saccharum officinarum), nata  churna, saindhava (rock salt), ananta  along with cows bile and honey makes a universal remedy for poisonous bites in the quadrupeds.(231-232)

सौभाग्यार्थं स्त्रियः स्वेदरजोनानाङ्गजान्मलान् |  

सौभाग्यार्थं स्त्रियः स्वेदरजोनानाङ्गजान्मलान् |  

शत्रुप्रयुक्तांश्च गरान् प्रयच्छन्त्यन्नमिश्रितान् ||२३३||  

शत्रुप्रयुक्तांश्च गरान् प्रयच्छन्त्यन्नमिश्रितान् ||२३३||  

With the view to gain the favour of their husbands, women administer to them their sweat, menstrual discharge, saliva and excreta from other parts of the body and also the gara or artificial poison prepared by enemies, mixing these with the food.(233)

With the view to gain the favour of their husbands, women administer to them their sweat, menstrual discharge, saliva and excreta from other parts of the body and also the gara or artificial poison prepared by enemies, mixing these with the food.(233)

Effects of gara visha:

==== Effects of gara visha ====

 

तैः स्यात् पाण्डुः कृशोऽल्पाग्निर्गरश्चास्योपजायते |  

तैः स्यात् पाण्डुः कृशोऽल्पाग्निर्गरश्चास्योपजायते |  

मर्मप्रधमनाध्मानं श्वयथुं हस्तपादयोः ||२३४||  

मर्मप्रधमनाध्मानं श्वयथुं हस्तपादयोः ||२३४||  

kAlashca gauramAtmAnaM svapne gaurashca kAlakam |  

kAlashca gauramAtmAnaM svapne gaurashca kAlakam |  

vikarNanAsikaM vA~api prapashyedvihatendriyaH ||237||  

vikarNanAsikaM vA~api prapashyedvihatendriyaH ||237||  

As a result of such administration of poison, the person will show symptoms of anemia, emaciation, weakness of the digestive power, palpitation of the heart, distension of the abdomen and oedema of hands and feet, abdominal diseases, assimilation disorders, gulma, depletion of dhatus, fever and similar other disorders. He perceives in his dreams generally cats, jackals, cruel animals, mangoose and monkey, dried up rivers or other sourses of water and withered trees. If he be of dark complexion, he sees himself as bright in dreams and vice versa. He also sees himself in dreams without ears and nose or injured in his sense organs.(234-237)

As a result of such administration of poison, the person will show symptoms of anemia, emaciation, weakness of the digestive power, palpitation of the heart, distension of the abdomen and oedema of hands and feet, abdominal diseases, assimilation disorders, gulma, depletion of dhatus, fever and similar other disorders. He perceives in his dreams generally cats, jackals, cruel animals, mangoose and monkey, dried up rivers or other sourses of water and withered trees. If he be of dark complexion, he sees himself as bright in dreams and vice versa. He also sees himself in dreams without ears and nose or injured in his sense organs.(234-237)

तमवेक्ष्य भिषक् प्राज्ञाः पृच्छेत् किं कैः कदा सह |  

तमवेक्ष्य भिषक् प्राज्ञाः पृच्छेत् किं कैः कदा सह |  

जग्धमित्यवगम्याशु प्रदद्याद्वमनं भिषक् ||२३८||  

जग्धमित्यवगम्याशु प्रदद्याद्वमनं भिषक् ||२३८||  

Fine powder of copper mixed with honey is shall be administered first for hrud shodhana. or hridayaavarana. This induces emesis. He should then be administered with shana matra (three grams )of suwarna bhasma. Gold quickly destroys all poisons even gara visha. Just as water fallen on lotus leaves cannot wet it, visha cannot destroy a person who is administered with swarna bhasma.(239-240)

Fine powder of copper mixed with honey is shall be administered first for hrud shodhana. or hridayaavarana. This induces emesis. He should then be administered with shana matra (three grams )of suwarna bhasma. Gold quickly destroys all poisons even gara visha. Just as water fallen on lotus leaves cannot wet it, visha cannot destroy a person who is administered with swarna bhasma.(239-240)

नागदन्तीत्रिवृद्दन्तीद्रवन्तीस्नुक्पयःफलैः |  

नागदन्तीत्रिवृद्दन्तीद्रवन्तीस्नुक्पयःफलैः |  

साधितं माहिषं सर्पिः सगोमूत्राढकं हितम् ||२४१||  

साधितं माहिषं सर्पिः सगोमूत्राढकं हितम् ||२४१||  

Ghee obtained from buffalo’s milk and processed with nagadanti (Croton oblongifolius), trivrut (Operculina turpethum), danti, dravanti (Balliospermum montanum), snukpaya, madanaphala  and 1 adhaka of cows urine is an effective remedy in case of poison due to snake and insect bite and in gara visha.(241-242)

Ghee obtained from buffalo’s milk and processed with nagadanti (Croton oblongifolius), trivrut (Operculina turpethum), danti, dravanti (Balliospermum montanum), snukpaya, madanaphala  and 1 adhaka of cows urine is an effective remedy in case of poison due to snake and insect bite and in gara visha.(241-242)

Amrut Ghee:

==== Amrita Ghee ====

 

शिरीषत्वक् त्रिकटुकं त्रिफलां चन्दनोत्पले ||२४२||  

शिरीषत्वक् त्रिकटुकं त्रिफलां चन्दनोत्पले ||२४२||  

द्वे बले सारिवास्फोतासुरभीनिम्बपाटलाः |  

द्वे बले सारिवास्फोतासुरभीनिम्बपाटलाः |  

ityamr̥taghr̥tam|  

ityamr̥taghr̥tam|  

shirIShatvak trikaTukaM triphalAM candanotpale ||242||  

shirIShatvak trikaTukaM triphalAM candanotpale ||242||  

dve bale sArivAsphotAsurabhInimbapATalAH |  

dve bale sArivAsphotAsurabhInimbapATalAH |  

bandhujIvADhakImUrvAvAsAsurasavatsakAn ||243||  

bandhujIvADhakImUrvAvAsAsurasavatsakAn ||243||  

One adhaka of ghee cooked by adding the paste of one aksha each of bark of shirisha (Albizzia lebbeck), shunthi (Zingiber officinale), pippali (Piper longum),  maricha (Piper nigrum), triphala (Terminalia chebula, Emblica officinalia, Terminalia bellerica), chandana (Santalum album), utpala (Nelumbo nucifera), bala (Sida cordifolia),  atibala (Abutilon indicum), sariva (Hemidismus indicus), asphota (Semicarpus anacardium), surabhi, nimbi (Azardirachta indica), patala (Stereospermum suaveolens), bandhujiva (Pentopetes phoenicea), adhaki (Cajanus cajan), murva (Marsdenia tenacissima), vasa (Adathoda vasica), surasa (Occimum sanctum), vatsaka (Holarrhena antidysentrica), patha (Cissambelos Pereira), ankola (Alangium saufolium), ashvagandha (Withania somnifera) arkamula (Calotropis procera) yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra), padmaka (Prunus cerasoides), vishala (Trichosanthes bracteata), bruhati (Solanum indicum), laksha, kovidara (Bauhninia variegate), shatavari (Asparagus recemosa), katabhi (Albizzia procera), danti (Maliospermum montanum) apamarga (Achyranthus aspera),  prushniparni  rasanjjana (Extracts of Berberis aristata), shvetabhanda (Albizzia procera), ashvakhuraka (Clitoria ternatea),  kushtha (Saussurea lappa), daru (Cedrus deodara), priyangu (Calicarpa macrophylla), vidari (Puraria tuberose), madhuka Sara (Glycerrhiza glabra) , karanja fruit (Pongamia pinnata), bark haridra (Curcuma longa), daruharidra (Berberis aristata) and lodhra (Symplocos racemosa) two adhaka of water, three adhaka of cows urine and goats urine each. This receipe cures poison, epilepsy, depletion of dhatus, insanity, gara, udara, anaemia, parasitic  infestation, gulma, splenic disorders, stiffness of thighs, jaundice, stiffness of jaws and shoulders, etc. when used in the form of drink, massage and inhalation therapy. It helps in the revival of persons who appear to be dead due to poisons and hanging. This combination is called as amruta ghrita and is best suited in all cases of poisoning.(242-249)

One adhaka of ghee cooked by adding the paste of one aksha each of bark of shirisha (Albizzia lebbeck), shunthi (Zingiber officinale), pippali (Piper longum),  maricha (Piper nigrum), triphala (Terminalia chebula, Emblica officinalia, Terminalia bellerica), chandana (Santalum album), utpala (Nelumbo nucifera), bala (Sida cordifolia),  atibala (Abutilon indicum), sariva (Hemidismus indicus), asphota (Semicarpus anacardium), surabhi, nimbi (Azardirachta indica), patala (Stereospermum suaveolens), bandhujiva (Pentopetes phoenicea), adhaki (Cajanus cajan), murva (Marsdenia tenacissima), vasa (Adathoda vasica), surasa (Occimum sanctum), vatsaka (Holarrhena antidysentrica), patha (Cissambelos Pereira), ankola (Alangium saufolium), ashvagandha (Withania somnifera) arkamula (Calotropis procera) yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra), padmaka (Prunus cerasoides), vishala (Trichosanthes bracteata), bruhati (Solanum indicum), laksha, kovidara (Bauhninia variegate), shatavari (Asparagus recemosa), katabhi (Albizzia procera), danti (Maliospermum montanum) apamarga (Achyranthus aspera),  prushniparni  rasanjjana (Extracts of Berberis aristata), shvetabhanda (Albizzia procera), ashvakhuraka (Clitoria ternatea),  kushtha (Saussurea lappa), daru (Cedrus deodara), priyangu (Calicarpa macrophylla), vidari (Puraria tuberose), madhuka Sara (Glycerrhiza glabra) , karanja fruit (Pongamia pinnata), bark haridra (Curcuma longa), daruharidra (Berberis aristata) and lodhra (Symplocos racemosa) two adhaka of water, three adhaka of cows urine and goats urine each. This receipe cures poison, epilepsy, depletion of dhatus, insanity, gara, udara, anaemia, parasitic  infestation, gulma, splenic disorders, stiffness of thighs, jaundice, stiffness of jaws and shoulders, etc. when used in the form of drink, massage and inhalation therapy. It helps in the revival of persons who appear to be dead due to poisons and hanging. This combination is called as amruta ghrita and is best suited in all cases of poisoning.(242-249)

Lifestyle to avoid snake bite:

==== Lifestyle to avoid snake bite ====

 

भवन्ति चात्र-  

भवन्ति चात्र-  

छत्री झर्झरपाणिश्च चरेद्रात्रौ तथा दिवा |  

छत्री झर्झरपाणिश्च चरेद्रात्रौ तथा दिवा |  

Immediately after a snake bite, the person should bite the snake itself if possible or otherwise bite a clod of earth. Thereafter a tourniquet should be tied above the site of bite and the place of bite should be incised as well as cauterised.(251)

Immediately after a snake bite, the person should bite the snake itself if possible or otherwise bite a clod of earth. Thereafter a tourniquet should be tied above the site of bite and the place of bite should be incised as well as cauterised.(251)

Wearing gems for preventing poisonous effects:

==== Wearing gems for preventing poisonous effects ====

 

वज्रं मरकतः सारः पिचुको विषमूषिका |  

वज्रं मरकतः सारः पिचुको विषमूषिका |  

कर्केतनः सर्पमणिर्वैदूर्यं गजमौक्तिकम् ||२५२||  

कर्केतनः सर्पमणिर्वैदूर्यं गजमौक्तिकम् ||२५२||  

Wearing of diamond, emerald, and other precious gems gives immunity against poisons. Keeping or domesticating different birds is also useful to overcome poisons.(252-253)

Wearing of diamond, emerald, and other precious gems gives immunity against poisons. Keeping or domesticating different birds is also useful to overcome poisons.(252-253)

Summary:

 

==== Summary ====

 

तत्र श्लोकः-  

तत्र श्लोकः-  

इतीदमुक्तं द्विविधस्य विस्तरैर्बहुप्रकारं विषरोगभेषजम् |  

इतीदमुक्तं द्विविधस्य विस्तरैर्बहुप्रकारं विषरोगभेषजम् |  

adhītya vijñāya tathā prayōjayan vrajēdviṣāṇāmaviṣahyatāṁ budhaḥ||254||  

adhītya vijñāya tathā prayōjayan vrajēdviṣāṇāmaviṣahyatāṁ budhaḥ||254||  

tatra shlokaH-  

tatra shlokaH-  

itIdamuktaM dvividhasya vistarairbahuprakAraM viSharogabheShajam |  

itIdamuktaM dvividhasya vistarairbahuprakAraM viSharogabheShajam |  

adhItya vij~jAya tathA prayojayan vrajedviShANAmaviShahyatAM budhaH ||254||  

adhItya vij~jAya tathA prayojayan vrajedviShANAmaviShahyatAM budhaH ||254||  

Thus ends the twenty third chapter of the Chikitsa sthana dealing with the treatment of poisons of Agnivesa’s work as redacted by Charaka.[23]

Thus ends the twenty third chapter of the Chikitsa sthana dealing with the treatment of poisons of Agnivesa’s work as redacted by Charaka.[23]

 

• Visha (poison) is of two categories viz. jangama (animal origin) and sthavara (earthen and plant origin).  

• Visha (poison) is of two categories viz. jangama (animal origin) and sthavara (earthen and plant origin).  

• Visha originated from water element; it is (hot and sharply acting) like fire. Its action is manifested in 8 stages. It has 10 properties and can be cured by 24 categories of therapeutic measures.

• Visha originated from water element; it is (hot and sharply acting) like fire. Its action is manifested in 8 stages. It has 10 properties and can be cured by 24 categories of therapeutic measures.

• In poisoning with systemic symptoms, mostly the cold measures are adopted except in cases of vrishchika (scorpion) and ucchitinga (crab).

• In poisoning with systemic symptoms, mostly the cold measures are adopted except in cases of vrishchika (scorpion) and ucchitinga (crab).

 

=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' ===

Vidhi vimarsha:

 

Similes in historical origin:  

Similes in historical origin: