Talk:Karanja - Revision history

Dridhabala at 17:01, 26 August 2026

2026-08-26T17:01:23Z

Dridhabala: Created page with "{{Infobox plant | name = Karanja | image = Pongamia_pinnata.jpg | image_caption = Foliage and flowers of ''Pongamia pinnata'' (Indian beech) | binomial_name = ''Pongamia pinnata'' (L.) Pierre | family = Fabaceae (Papilionaceae) | common_names = Indian beech, Pongam oil tree | synonyms = ''Naktamala'', ''Chirabilvaka'' }} '''Karanja''' (Latin: ''Pongamia pinnata'' Pierre, English: '''Indian beech''') is a m..."

2026-08-26T16:42:13Z

Created page with "{{Infobox plant | name = Karanja | image = Pongamia_pinnata.jpg | image_caption = Foliage and flowers of ''Pongamia pinnata'' (Indian beech) | binomial_name = ''Pongamia pinnata'' (L.) Pierre | family = Fabaceae (Papilionaceae) | common_names = Indian beech, Pongam oil tree | synonyms = ''Naktamala'', ''Chirabilvaka'' }} '''Karanja''' (Latin: ''Pongamia pinnata'' Pierre, English: '''Indian beech''') is a m..."

New page

{{Infobox plant
| name = Karanja
| image = Pongamia_pinnata.jpg
| image_caption = Foliage and flowers of ''Pongamia pinnata'' (Indian beech)
| binomial_name = ''Pongamia pinnata'' (L.) Pierre
| family = Fabaceae (Papilionaceae)
| common_names = Indian beech, Pongam oil tree
| synonyms = ''Naktamala'', ''Chirabilvaka''
}}

'''Karanja''' (Latin: ''Pongamia pinnata'' Pierre, English: '''Indian beech''') is a medium-sized deciduous or evergreen tree belonging to the family Fabaceae (traditionally Papilionaceae). In Ayurveda, it is celebrated for its potent anthelmintic (''Krumighna''), wound-cleansing and healing (''Vrana Shodhana''), and dermatological (''Kushthaghna'') properties.<ref name="API">Anonymous. ''The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India''. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 1: 40.</ref>

== Botanical & Vernacular Names ==
* '''Botanical Name:''' ''Pongamia pinnata'' (L.) Pierre
* '''Family:''' Papilionaceae (Fabaceae)
* '''English Name:''' Indian beech
* '''Sanskrit / Classical Name:''' Karanja

== Synonyms in Classical Texts ==
* '''Synonyms in Bhavaprakash Nighantu:'''<ref name="Bhavaprakash">Prof. Krushnachandra Chunekar, ''Bhavaprakash Nighantu''. Reprint Edition 2020, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Guduchyadi varga, verse no. 119–120.</ref>
** ''Karanja'' – The flowers of Karanja are curved/shaped like nails.
** ''Naktamala'' – The flowers bloom/blossom during the night.
** ''Chirabilvaka''

== Varieties ==
Classical texts recognize several varieties of Karanja:

=== According to Bhavaprakash Nighantu ===
# '''Ghrita Karanja'''
# '''Kantakari Karanja'''
# '''Karanji'''

=== According to Raja Nighantu ===<ref name="RajaNighantu">Dr. Indradev Tripathi, ''Raja Nighantu of Pandit Narhari''. Edition 2006, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, Prabhadradi varga, verse no. 62, 64, 67, 68, 70, 72.</ref>
# '''Karanja'''
# '''Ghrita Karanja'''
# '''Mahakaranja'''
# '''Putikaranja'''
# '''Guccha Karanja'''
# '''Ritha Karanja'''

== Ayurvedic Pharmacological Properties ==
According to Ayurvedic pharmacodynamics, the properties (''Rasa Panchaka'') of Karanja are summarized below:<ref name="API" />

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
! Sr. No. !! Pharmacological Criteria !! Properties (Ayurvedic Attributes)
|-
| 1 || '''Taste (''[[Rasa]]'')''' || Pungent (''Katu''), Bitter (''Tikta'')
|-
| 2 || '''Potency (''[[Veerya]]'')''' || Hot (''Ushna'')
|-
| 3 || '''Post-digestion Effect (''[[Vipaka]]'')''' || Pungent (''Katu'')
|-
| 4 || '''Qualities (''[[Guna]]'')''' || Sharp (''Tikshna'')
|-
| 5 || '''Actions (''[[Karma]]'')''' || ''Krumijit'' (anthelmintic / antiparasitic), ''Kushthaghna'' (cures skin diseases), ''Kaphavatahara'' (pacifies Kapha and Vata doshas), ''Vrana Shodhana'' (cleanses and purifies wounds/ulcers)
|}

== References in Charaka Samhita ==
Karanja is extensively mentioned in the ''Charaka Samhita'' across various clinical contexts and formulations:

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
! Sr. No. !! Reference in Charaka Samhita !! Activity / Formulation / Indication
|-
| 1 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Sutra Sthana]] 3/3 || Formulations used for local external application
|-
| 2 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Sutra Sthana]] 3/13 || Rasanjanadi formulation
|-
| 3 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Sutra Sthana]] 3/14 || Haridradi formulation
|-
| 4 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Sutra Sthana]] 3/15 || Manahshiladi formulation
|-
| 5 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Sutra Sthana]] 5/73 || Used as a tooth-cleaning twig (toothbrush / ''Dantadhavana'')
|-
| 6 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Sutra Sthana]] 13/10 || Classification as vegetable/plant sources of lipids (''Sneha Dravya'')
|-
| 7 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Sutra Sthana]] 14/31 || Ingredient of decoction used for steam fomentation (''Nadi Sweda'')
|-
| 8 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Sutra Sthana]] 14/43 || Ingredient of decoction used for steam fomentation (''Nadi Sweda'')
|-
| 9 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Nidana Sthana]] 2/4 || Mentioned in context as an etiological factor in bleeding disorders (''Raktapitta'')
|-
| 10 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Vimana Sthana]] 7/17 || Used in the management and treatment of parasitic infestations (''Krumi Roga'')
|-
| 11 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/48 || Ingredient of therapeutic formulations used in skin diseases (''Kushtha'')
|-
| 12 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/56 || Ingredient of formulations used in the treatment of skin diseases (''Kushtha'')
|-
| 13 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/91 || Ingredient of ''Siddharthaka Snana'' (medicated bath) for dermatoses
|-
| 14 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/93 || Used as an external application (''Lepa'')
|-
| 15 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/94 || Used as an external application (''Lepa'')
|-
| 16 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/111 || Ingredient of ''Kanakaksheeri Tailam''
|-
| 17 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/119 || Formulation drug (''Yoga Dravya'') used in skin diseases (''Kushtha'')
|-
| 18 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/152 || Ingredient of ''Maha Khadira Ghrita''
|-
| 19 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/158 || Formulation drug used in parasitic / infective dermatoses (''Krumi Kushtha'')
|-
| 20 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/44 || Used in nasal errhines / errhine therapy (''Nasya'')
|-
| 21 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/67 || Ingredient of medicated water used for therapeutic baths
|-
| 22 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/57 || Formulation drug used for external therapeutic application
|-
| 23 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/101 || Formulation drug in the treatment of hemorrhoids associated with constipation
|-
| 24 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/179 || Ingredient in alkaline preparations (''Kshara Kalpana'')
|-
| 25 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/137 || Formulation drug used in the treatment of cystic erysipelas (''Granthi Visarpa'')
|-
| 26 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/69 || Formulation drug utilized for nasal administration (''Nasya'')
|-
| 27 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/70 || Ingredient of ''Gandhahasti Agada''
|-
| 28 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/79 || Ingredient of ''Mahagandhahastinama Agada''
|-
| 29 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/209 || Formulation drug used in scorpion bite poisoning
|-
| 30 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/216 || Formulation drug used in the treatment of house lizard venom poisoning
|-
| 31 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/246 || Ingredient of ''Amrita Ghrita''
|-
| 32 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/57 || Formulation drug used in the treatment of Kaphaja dysuria (''Kaphaja Mutrakruccha'')
|-
| 33 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/154 || Formulation drug used in Kaphaja coryza and chronic rhinitis (''Dushta Pratishyaya'')
|-
| 34 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/186 || Formulation drug in Kaphaja, Sannipatika, and parasite-induced head disorders (''Shiroroga'')
|-
| 35 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/34 || Used as a formulation drug (''Yoga Dravya'')
|-
| 36 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/49 || Used as an external application (''Lepa'')
|-
| 37 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/57 || Used as an external application (''Lepa'')
|-
| 38 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Kalpa Sthana]] 11/11 || Classified as a purgative / therapeutic evacuation drug (''Virechana Dravya'')
|-
| 39 || [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Kalpa Sthana]] 11/14 || Ingredient of medicated ghee (''Ghrita'') preparation
|}

== Therapeutic Uses ==
Karanja is clinically indicated for:<ref name="API" />
* ''Vrana'' (Wounds, ulcers, and non-healing lesions)
* ''Krumi'' (Helminthiasis, worm infestations, and microbes)
* ''Kustha'' (Dermatological conditions, leprosy, and stubborn skin diseases)

== Dosage & Administration ==
* '''Powder (''Churna''):''' 0.25 g of the drug powder.<ref name="API" />
* '''Decoction (''Kwatha''):''' 5 – 10 g of the crude drug for preparing decoctions.<ref name="API" />

== Important Formulations ==
* ''Aragvadhadi Kwatha Churna''
* ''Pathyadi Lepa''

== Habitat & Availability ==
* '''Status:''' Available
* '''Geographical Distribution:''' Distributed throughout India, frequently growing along riverbanks, lakes, streams, and tidal forests.

== Current Research ==
* Phytochemical profile & research database: [https://cb.imsc.res.in/imppat/phytochemical/Pongamia%20pinnata IMPPAT Phytochemical Profile: Pongamia pinnata]

== References ==
<references />

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:01, 26 August 2026
Line 31:		Line 31:
	# '''Karanji'''		# '''Karanji'''

	=== According to Raja Nighantu ===~~<ref name="RajaNighantu">Dr. Indradev Tripathi, ''Raja Nighantu of Pandit Narhari''. Edition 2006, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, Prabhadradi varga, verse no. 62, 64, 67, 68, 70, 72.</ref>~~		=== According to Raja Nighantu ===
	# '''Karanja'''		# '''Karanja'''
	# '''Ghrita Karanja'''		# '''Ghrita Karanja'''
Line 37:		Line 37:
	# '''Putikaranja'''		# '''Putikaranja'''
	# '''Guccha Karanja'''		# '''Guccha Karanja'''
	# '''Ritha Karanja'''		# '''Ritha Karanja'''<ref name="RajaNighantu">Dr. Indradev Tripathi, ''Raja Nighantu of Pandit Narhari''. Edition 2006, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, Prabhadradi varga, verse no. 62, 64, 67, 68, 70, 72.</ref>

	== Ayurvedic Pharmacological Properties ==		== Ayurvedic Pharmacological Properties ==
Line 62:		Line 62:
	! Sr. No. !! Reference in Charaka Samhita !! Activity / Formulation / Indication		! Sr. No. !! Reference in Charaka Samhita !! Activity / Formulation / Indication
	\|-		\|-
	\| 1 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Sutra Sthana]] 3/3 \|\| Formulations used for local external application		\| 1 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 3/3 \|\| Formulations used for local external application
	\|-		\|-
	\| 2 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Sutra Sthana]] 3/13 \|\| Rasanjanadi formulation		\| 2 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 3/13 \|\| Rasanjanadi formulation
	\|-		\|-
	\| 3 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Sutra Sthana]] 3/14 \|\| Haridradi formulation		\| 3 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 3/14 \|\| Haridradi formulation
	\|-		\|-
	\| 4 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Sutra Sthana]] 3/15 \|\| Manahshiladi formulation		\| 4 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 3/15 \|\| Manahshiladi formulation
	\|-		\|-
	\| 5 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Sutra Sthana]] 5/73 \|\| Used as a tooth-cleaning twig (toothbrush / ''Dantadhavana'')		\| 5 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 5/73 \|\| Used as a tooth-cleaning twig (toothbrush / ''Dantadhavana'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 6 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Sutra Sthana]] 13/10 \|\| Classification as vegetable/plant sources of lipids (''Sneha Dravya'')		\| 6 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 13/10 \|\| Classification as vegetable/plant sources of lipids (''Sneha Dravya'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 7 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Sutra Sthana]] 14/31 \|\| Ingredient of decoction used for steam fomentation (''Nadi Sweda'')		\| 7 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 14/31 \|\| Ingredient of decoction used for steam fomentation (''Nadi Sweda'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 8 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Sutra Sthana]] 14/43 \|\| Ingredient of decoction used for steam fomentation (''Nadi Sweda'')		\| 8 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 14/43 \|\| Ingredient of decoction used for steam fomentation (''Nadi Sweda'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 9 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Nidana Sthana]] 2/4 \|\| Mentioned in context as an etiological factor in bleeding disorders (''Raktapitta'')		\| 9 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Nidana Sthana]] 2/4 \|\| Mentioned in context as an etiological factor in bleeding disorders (''Raktapitta'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 10 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Vimana Sthana]] 7/17 \|\| Used in the management and treatment of parasitic infestations (''Krumi Roga'')		\| 10 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 7/17 \|\| Used in the management and treatment of parasitic infestations (''Krumi Roga'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 11 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/48 \|\| Ingredient of therapeutic formulations used in skin diseases (''Kushtha'')		\| 11 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/48 \|\| Ingredient of therapeutic formulations used in skin diseases (''Kushtha'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 12 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/56 \|\| Ingredient of formulations used in the treatment of skin diseases (''Kushtha'')		\| 12 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/56 \|\| Ingredient of formulations used in the treatment of skin diseases (''Kushtha'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 13 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/91 \|\| Ingredient of ''Siddharthaka Snana'' (medicated bath) for dermatoses		\| 13 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/91 \|\| Ingredient of ''Siddharthaka Snana'' (medicated bath) for dermatoses
	\|-		\|-
	\| 14 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/93 \|\| Used as an external application (''Lepa'')		\| 14 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/93 \|\| Used as an external application (''Lepa'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 15 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/94 \|\| Used as an external application (''Lepa'')		\| 15 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/94 \|\| Used as an external application (''Lepa'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 16 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/111 \|\| Ingredient of ''Kanakaksheeri Tailam''		\| 16 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/111 \|\| Ingredient of ''Kanakaksheeri Tailam''
	\|-		\|-
	\| 17 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/119 \|\| Formulation drug (''Yoga Dravya'') used in skin diseases (''Kushtha'')		\| 17 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/119 \|\| Formulation drug (''Yoga Dravya'') used in skin diseases (''Kushtha'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 18 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/152 \|\| Ingredient of ''Maha Khadira Ghrita''		\| 18 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/152 \|\| Ingredient of ''Maha Khadira Ghrita''
	\|-		\|-
	\| 19 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/158 \|\| Formulation drug used in parasitic / infective dermatoses (''Krumi Kushtha'')		\| 19 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/158 \|\| Formulation drug used in parasitic / infective dermatoses (''Krumi Kushtha'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 20 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/44 \|\| Used in nasal errhines / errhine therapy (''Nasya'')		\| 20 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/44 \|\| Used in nasal errhines / errhine therapy (''Nasya'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 21 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/67 \|\| Ingredient of medicated water used for therapeutic baths		\| 21 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/67 \|\| Ingredient of medicated water used for therapeutic baths
	\|-		\|-
	\| 22 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/57 \|\| Formulation drug used for external therapeutic application		\| 22 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/57 \|\| Formulation drug used for external therapeutic application
	\|-		\|-
	\| 23 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/101 \|\| Formulation drug in the treatment of hemorrhoids associated with constipation		\| 23 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/101 \|\| Formulation drug in the treatment of hemorrhoids associated with constipation
	\|-		\|-
	\| 24 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/179 \|\| Ingredient in alkaline preparations (''Kshara Kalpana'')		\| 24 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/179 \|\| Ingredient in alkaline preparations (''Kshara Kalpana'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 25 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/137 \|\| Formulation drug used in the treatment of cystic erysipelas (''Granthi Visarpa'')		\| 25 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/137 \|\| Formulation drug used in the treatment of cystic erysipelas (''Granthi Visarpa'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 26 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/69 \|\| Formulation drug utilized for nasal administration (''Nasya'')		\| 26 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/69 \|\| Formulation drug utilized for nasal administration (''Nasya'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 27 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/70 \|\| Ingredient of ''Gandhahasti Agada''		\| 27 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/70 \|\| Ingredient of ''Gandhahasti Agada''
	\|-		\|-
	\| 28 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/79 \|\| Ingredient of ''Mahagandhahastinama Agada''		\| 28 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/79 \|\| Ingredient of ''Mahagandhahastinama Agada''
	\|-		\|-
	\| 29 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/209 \|\| Formulation drug used in scorpion bite poisoning		\| 29 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/209 \|\| Formulation drug used in scorpion bite poisoning
	\|-		\|-
	\| 30 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/216 \|\| Formulation drug used in the treatment of house lizard venom poisoning		\| 30 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/216 \|\| Formulation drug used in the treatment of house lizard venom poisoning
	\|-		\|-
	\| 31 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/246 \|\| Ingredient of ''Amrita Ghrita''		\| 31 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/246 \|\| Ingredient of ''Amrita Ghrita''
	\|-		\|-
	\| 32 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/57 \|\| Formulation drug used in the treatment of Kaphaja dysuria (''Kaphaja Mutrakruccha'')		\| 32 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/57 \|\| Formulation drug used in the treatment of Kaphaja dysuria (''Kaphaja Mutrakruccha'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 33 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/154 \|\| Formulation drug used in Kaphaja coryza and chronic rhinitis (''Dushta Pratishyaya'')		\| 33 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/154 \|\| Formulation drug used in Kaphaja coryza and chronic rhinitis (''Dushta Pratishyaya'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 34 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/186 \|\| Formulation drug in Kaphaja, Sannipatika, and parasite-induced head disorders (''Shiroroga'')		\| 34 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/186 \|\| Formulation drug in Kaphaja, Sannipatika, and parasite-induced head disorders (''Shiroroga'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 35 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/34 \|\| Used as a formulation drug (''Yoga Dravya'')		\| 35 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/34 \|\| Used as a formulation drug (''Yoga Dravya'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 36 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/49 \|\| Used as an external application (''Lepa'')		\| 36 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/49 \|\| Used as an external application (''Lepa'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 37 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/57 \|\| Used as an external application (''Lepa'')		\| 37 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/57 \|\| Used as an external application (''Lepa'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 38 \|\| ~~[[Charaka Samhita]]~~ [[Kalpa Sthana]] 11/11 \|\| Classified as a purgative / therapeutic evacuation drug (''Virechana Dravya'')		\| 38 \|\| Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 11/11 \|\| Classified as a purgative / therapeutic evacuation drug (''Virechana Dravya'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| 39 \|\| [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Kalpa Sthana]] 11/14 \|\| Ingredient of medicated ghee (''Ghrita'') preparation		\| 39 \|\| [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Kalpa Sthana]] 11/14 \|\| Ingredient of medicated ghee (''Ghrita'') preparation