Piccha basti - Revision history

Agnivesha at 10:03, 24 February 2024

2024-02-24T10:03:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:03, 24 February 2024
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	\|data2 = Auti Swapnil<sup>1</sup>		\|data2 = Auti Swapnil<sup>1</sup>
	\|label3 = Reviewer		\|label3 = Reviewer
	\|data3 = Basisht G.<sup>2</sup>,		\|data3 = [[Gopal Basisht\|Basisht G.]]<sup>2</sup>,
	\|label4 = Editor		\|label4 = Editor
	\|data4 = Deole Y.S.<sup>3</sup>		\|data4 = [[Yogesh Deole\|Deole Y.S.]]<sup>3</sup>
	\|label5 = Affiliations		\|label5 = Affiliations
	\|data5 = <sup>1</sup> Department of Panchakarma, All India Institute of Ayurveda, Goa, India <br/><sup>2</sup> Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. <br/><sup>3</sup> Department of Kayachikitsa, G. J. Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India		\|data5 = <sup>1</sup> Department of Panchakarma, All India Institute of Ayurveda, Goa, India <br/><sup>2</sup> Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. <br/><sup>3</sup> Department of Kayachikitsa, G. J. Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India

Agnivesha at 13:13, 7 March 2023

2023-03-07T13:13:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:13, 7 March 2023
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	\|type=article		\|type=article
	}}		}}
	<~~div~~ style='text-align:justify;'>Piccha basti is a classical therapeutic [[Basti\|enema]] with decoction ([[niruha basti]]). It is indicated explicitly in colorectal disorders like dysentery, bleeding, colitis. It is also helpful in the management of specific complications of [[niruha basti]]. This formulation has styptic (sangrahi), healing (ropana), and hemostatic (shonitasthapana) properties. </~~div~~>		<p style="text-align:justify;">Piccha basti is a classical therapeutic [[Basti\|enema]] with decoction ([[niruha basti]]). It is indicated explicitly in colorectal disorders like dysentery, bleeding, colitis. It is also helpful in the management of specific complications of [[niruha basti]]. This formulation has styptic (sangrahi), healing (ropana), and hemostatic (shonitasthapana) properties. </p>

	{{Infobox		{{Infobox

Agnivesha at 11:01, 30 December 2022

2022-12-30T11:01:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:01, 30 December 2022
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	== Properties of commonly used drugs in piccha basti ==		== Properties of commonly used drugs in piccha basti ==
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Shalmali i.e. Salmalia malabarica (DC.) Schott & Endl is the primary and common ingredient in all the classical formulations of piccha basti. This herb is included in purishavirajaniya, shonitasthapana, vedanasthapana kashaya. [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 4/46-50] Gum resin and stem of shalmali both are used to prepare piccha basti. It has antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic and analgesic properties.<ref name="ref6">https://www.easyayurveda.com/2012/10/03/shalmali-silk-cotton-tree-ayurveda-use-formulations-home-remedies/ cited on 1.10.2022</ref> It has specific activities such as anti-HIV activity & anti-Helicobacter pylori activity.<ref name="ref7">Sarita Karole*, Dr. Greindra Gautam, Dr. Shailsh Gupta, Pharmacognostic And Pharmacological Profile Of Bombax Ceiba, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 2017, 6(3): 16-27</ref> <br/>Tannins and gallic acids present in mocharasa acts as astringents which precipitate proteins that are helpful in restoring the damaged epithelial mucosal lining of the ulcerated mucosa.<ref name="ref8">Jagtap AG, Niphadkar PV, Phadke AS. Protective effect of aqueous extract of Bombax malabaricum DC on experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease in rats and mice. Indian J Exp Biol 2011;49:343-51</ref> A gum resin rich in starch contents, mocharasa forms a mucilaginous layer that protects the inflamed and damaged intestinal mucosa. <br/>Nyagrodha (Ficus bengalensis Linn.), Udumbara (Ficus racemosa Linn.), and Ashwattha (Ficus religiosa Linn.) are used in piccha basti formulation. These are contents of panchavalkala with wound healing properties.<ref name="ref9">Dhurve, V., & Dudhamal, T. (2020, September 29). Wound healing potential of three forms of Panchavalkala in post-operative fistula wounds- Case Series. International Journal of AYUSH Case Reports, 4(3), 189-197.</ref> It also possesses antimicrobial and anticancer properties.<ref name="ref10">Aphale S, Pandita S, Raina P, Mishra J N, Kaul-Ghanekar R. Phytochemical standardization of panchavalkala: An ayurvedic formulation and evaluation of its anticancer activity in cervical cancer cell lines. Phcog Mag 2018;14:554-60</ref> Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia L.), [[Chandana\|chandana (Santalum album L.)]], utpala (Nymphaea stellata Willd), madhuka (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.) used in piccha basti are cold in nature and pacify [[Pitta dosha\|pitta dosha]], which is vital for the reduction of inflammation. Badara (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk)<ref name="ref11">https://www.iafaforallergy.com/herbs-a-to-z/badara-ziziphus-jujuba/ cited on 25.09.2022</ref>, nagabala (Sida Veronicaefolia)<ref name="ref12">https://www.easyayurveda.com/2012/10/03/nagabala-full-ayurvedic-details-usage-health-benefits-formulation/#properties cited on 25.09.2022</ref>, shleshmataka<ref name="ref13"> https://www.easyayurveda.com/2016/12/21/lasoda-cordia-dichotoma-shleshmataka/ cited on 25.09.2022</ref> (Cordia dichotoma G.Forsk.) are also helpful for pacifying [[Pitta dosha\|pitta dosha]] and checking to bleed. Rakta basti (enema with fresh blood) is beneficial formulation that significantly improves hemoglobin level.<ref name="ref14">Abhijit Dinkarrao Shekhar, Role of Raktabasti In Pandu (Mycrocytic Hypocromic Anemia), World Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Medical Research, 2017,3(5), 146-151</ref> The use of [[Rakta dhatu\|rakta]] in [[Basti\|basti]] formulation may be useful to overcome the anemia caused by blood loss through the colonic bleeding. Due to antibacterial and healing properties, pichha basti can be well deployed in fissure in ano. Piccha basti probably removes the accumulated secretions in the fissure bed, promotes healing and reduces secondary infection too. <br/>Honey and [[Ghee\|ghee]] together relieve the wound's warmth showing anti-inflammatory actions.<ref name="ref15">Charde MS, Fulzele SV, Satturwar PM, et al. Wound healing and anti-inflammatory potential of madhu-ghrita. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2006;68:26–31.</ref> Ghrita is a well-known remedy for vitiated pitta. Research has proven the wound-healing potential<ref name="ref16">Subrahmanyam M. Topical application of honey for burn wound treatment – an overview. Ann Burns Fire Disasters. 2007;20:137–140.</ref> of honey and its inhibitory effect on most strains of pathogenic bacteria. Also, the increase in resistant bacterial species has stressed using natural antibacterial agents.<ref name="ref17">Cooper RA, Molan PC, Harding KG (1999) Antibacterial activity of honey against strains of Staphylococcus aureus from infected wounds. J Roy Soc Med 283–285</ref> </div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>Shalmali i.e. Salmalia malabarica (DC.) Schott & Endl is the primary and common ingredient in all the classical formulations of piccha basti. This herb is included in purishavirajaniya, shonitasthapana, vedanasthapana kashaya. [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 4/46-50] Gum resin and stem of shalmali both are used to prepare piccha basti. It has antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic and analgesic properties.<ref name="ref6">https://www.easyayurveda.com/2012/10/03/shalmali-silk-cotton-tree-ayurveda-use-formulations-home-remedies/ cited on 1.10.2022</ref> It has specific activities such as anti-HIV activity & anti-Helicobacter pylori activity.<ref name="ref7">Sarita Karole*, Dr. Greindra Gautam, Dr. Shailsh Gupta, Pharmacognostic And Pharmacological Profile Of Bombax Ceiba, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 2017, 6(3): 16-27</ref> <br/>Tannins and gallic acids present in mocharasa acts as astringents which precipitate proteins that are helpful in restoring the damaged epithelial mucosal lining of the ulcerated mucosa.<ref name="ref8">Jagtap AG, Niphadkar PV, Phadke AS. Protective effect of aqueous extract of Bombax malabaricum DC on experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease in rats and mice. Indian J Exp Biol 2011;49:343-51</ref> A gum resin rich in starch contents, mocharasa forms a mucilaginous layer that protects the inflamed and damaged intestinal mucosa. <br/>Nyagrodha (Ficus bengalensis Linn.), Udumbara (Ficus racemosa Linn.), and Ashwattha (Ficus religiosa Linn.) are used in piccha basti formulation. These are contents of panchavalkala with wound healing properties.<ref name="ref9">Dhurve, V., & Dudhamal, T. (2020, September 29). Wound healing potential of three forms of Panchavalkala in post-operative fistula wounds- Case Series. International Journal of AYUSH Case Reports, 4(3), 189-197.</ref> It also possesses antimicrobial and anticancer properties.<ref name="ref10">Aphale S, Pandita S, Raina P, Mishra J N, Kaul-Ghanekar R. Phytochemical standardization of panchavalkala: An ayurvedic formulation and evaluation of its anticancer activity in cervical cancer cell lines. Phcog Mag 2018;14:554-60</ref> Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia L.), [[Chandana\|chandana (Santalum album L.)]], utpala (Nymphaea stellata Willd), madhuka (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.) used in piccha basti are cold in nature and pacify [[Pitta dosha\|pitta dosha]], which is vital for the reduction of inflammation. Badara (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk)<ref name="ref11">https://www.iafaforallergy.com/herbs-a-to-z/badara-ziziphus-jujuba/ cited on 25.09.2022</ref>, nagabala (Sida Veronicaefolia)<ref name="ref12">https://www.easyayurveda.com/2012/10/03/nagabala-full-ayurvedic-details-usage-health-benefits-formulation/#properties cited on 25.09.2022</ref>, shleshmataka<ref name="ref13"> https://www.easyayurveda.com/2016/12/21/lasoda-cordia-dichotoma-shleshmataka/ cited on 25.09.2022</ref> (Cordia dichotoma G.Forsk.) are also helpful for pacifying [[Pitta dosha\|pitta dosha]] and checking to bleed. Rakta basti (enema with fresh blood) is beneficial formulation that significantly improves hemoglobin level.<ref name="ref14">Abhijit Dinkarrao Shekhar, Role of Raktabasti In Pandu (Mycrocytic Hypocromic Anemia), World Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Medical Research, 2017,3(5), 146-151</ref> The use of [[Rakta dhatu\|rakta]] in [[Basti\|basti]] formulation may be useful to overcome the anemia caused by blood loss through the colonic bleeding. Due to antibacterial and healing properties, pichha basti can be well deployed in fissure in ano. Piccha basti probably removes the accumulated secretions in the fissure bed, promotes healing and reduces secondary infection too. <br/>Honey and [[Ghee\|ghee]] together relieve the wound's warmth showing anti-inflammatory actions.<ref name="ref15">Charde MS, Fulzele SV, Satturwar PM, et al. Wound healing and anti-inflammatory potential of madhu-ghrita. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2006;68:26–31.</ref> Ghrita is a well-known remedy for vitiated pitta. Research has proven the wound-healing potential<ref name="ref16">Subrahmanyam M. Topical application of honey for burn wound treatment – an overview. Ann Burns Fire Disasters. 2007;20:137–140.</ref> of honey and its inhibitory effect on most strains of pathogenic bacteria. Also, the increase in resistant bacterial species has stressed using natural antibacterial agents.<ref name="ref17">Cooper RA, Molan PC, Harding KG (1999) Antibacterial activity of honey against strains of Staphylococcus aureus from infected wounds. J Roy Soc Med 283–285</ref> </div>

	== Indications of piccha basti ==		== Indications of piccha basti ==

Agnivesha at 07:06, 30 December 2022

2022-12-30T07:06:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:06, 30 December 2022
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	\|title=Piccha basti		\|title=Piccha basti
	\|titlemode=append		\|titlemode=append
	\|keywords= Piccha basti, carakasamhitaonline, charak samhita, caraka samhita, ayurved, Piccha basti in ayurveda, Auti Swapnil, Basisht G., Deole Y.S., Piccha basti formulation, indications of piccha basti, Dose of piccha basti		\|keywords= Piccha basti, carakasamhitaonline, charak samhita, caraka samhita, ayurved, Piccha basti in ayurveda, Auti Swapnil, Basisht G., Deole Y.S., Piccha basti formulation, indications of piccha basti, Dose of piccha basti, Indian system of medicine. treatment of ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, gut health in ayurveda, basti, therapeutic enema
	\|description=Piccha basti is a classical therapeutic enema with decoction (niruha basti)		\|description=Piccha basti is a classical therapeutic enema with decoction (niruha basti)
	\|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg		\|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
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	== Classical formulations of piccha basti ==		== Classical formulations of piccha basti ==
	=== 1. Piccha basti formulation 1: ===
			=== 1. Piccha basti formulation 1 ===
	Following ingredients are used as homogenous mixture for piccha basti:		Following ingredients are used as homogenous mixture for piccha basti:
	<ul style='text-align:justify;'><li>Two prastha (1536 ml) processed milk decoction (kshira [[Kashaya\|Kashaya]]) made from Yavasa (Alhagi camelorum Fisch.), Kusha (Imperata cylindrical Beauv.), Kasha (Saccharum spontaneum Linn.), flowers of Semul (Bombax ceiba L), and adventitious roots of Nyagrodha (Ficus bengalensis Linn.), Udumbara (Ficus racemosa Linn.), and Ashwattha (Ficus religiosa Linn.) 2 pala i.e. 96 gm each) </li>		<ul style='text-align:justify;'><li>Two prastha (1536 ml) processed milk decoction (kshira [[Kashaya\|Kashaya]]) made from Yavasa (Alhagi camelorum Fisch.), Kusha (Imperata cylindrical Beauv.), Kasha (Saccharum spontaneum Linn.), flowers of Semul (Bombax ceiba L), and adventitious roots of Nyagrodha (Ficus bengalensis Linn.), Udumbara (Ficus racemosa Linn.), and Ashwattha (Ficus religiosa Linn.) 2 pala i.e. 96 gm each) </li>
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	<li>[[Ghee\|Ghee]], honey, and sugar. [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 14/ 225-229]</li></ul>		<li>[[Ghee\|Ghee]], honey, and sugar. [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 14/ 225-229]</li></ul>

	=== 2. Piccha basti formulation 2: ===		=== 2. Piccha basti formulation 2 ===
	<div style='text-align:justify;'><ul><li>One pala (48 gm) paste of green stalks of Shalmali (Bombax ceiba L) prepared by putapaka method mixed with one prastha (768 gm) of boiled milk </li>		<div style='text-align:justify;'><ul><li>One pala (48 gm) paste of green stalks of Shalmali (Bombax ceiba L) prepared by putapaka method mixed with one prastha (768 gm) of boiled milk </li>
	<li>Oil, [[Ghee\|ghee]]</li>		<li>Oil, [[Ghee\|ghee]]</li>
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	'''Specific indications:''' Pitta dominant diarrhea, [[Jwara\|fever]], edema, [[Gulma Nidana\|gulma (abdominal lumps)]], chronic diarrhea, [[Grahani Chikitsa\|grahani (digestive disorders)]], and the acute complications of purgation and [[Asthapana basti\|asthapana basti]]. [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 19/ 64-68] </div>		'''Specific indications:''' Pitta dominant diarrhea, [[Jwara\|fever]], edema, [[Gulma Nidana\|gulma (abdominal lumps)]], chronic diarrhea, [[Grahani Chikitsa\|grahani (digestive disorders)]], and the acute complications of purgation and [[Asthapana basti\|asthapana basti]]. [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 19/ 64-68] </div>

	=== 3. Piccha basti formulation 3: ===		=== 3. Piccha basti formulation 3 ===
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Twenty four pala (1152 ml) processed milk decoction (kshira Kashaya) made from 3 pala (144 gm) of certain drugs [Badara (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk), nagabala (Sida Veroni caefolia), shleshmataka (Cordia dichotoma G.Forsk.), shalmali (Bombax ceiba L), dhanvana (Coriandrum sativum L.) ankura all in equal quantity] + 4 pala (192gm) of honey + 4 pala (192 ml) of fresh blood </div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>Twenty four pala (1152 ml) processed milk decoction (kshira Kashaya) made from 3 pala (144 gm) of certain drugs [Badara (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk), nagabala (Sida Veroni caefolia), shleshmataka (Cordia dichotoma G.Forsk.), shalmali (Bombax ceiba L), dhanvana (Coriandrum sativum L.) ankura all in equal quantity] + 4 pala (192gm) of honey + 4 pala (192 ml) of fresh blood </div>

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	<li>Shalmali and Mustadi siddha kshira (milk)- 200 ml</li></ul></div>		<li>Shalmali and Mustadi siddha kshira (milk)- 200 ml</li></ul></div>

	=== General guidelines: ===		=== General guidelines ===
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>[[Asthapana basti\|Asthapana basti]] is contraindicated in diarrhea with [[ama]] (amatisara). It is indicated in diarrhea without [[ama]] (nirama atisara). Hence in cases of chronic diarrhea and where there is no relation of ama, piccha basti can be utilized ideally. [Cha.Sa. Siddhi Sthana 1/ 14-16] Piccha basti may be given in any of the schedules of [[Basti\|basti]] therapy or as per the state of [[Dosha\|dosha]] (avastha) combined with suitable [[Anuvasana\|anuvasana]] basti.</div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>[[Asthapana basti\|Asthapana basti]] is contraindicated in diarrhea with [[ama]] (amatisara). It is indicated in diarrhea without [[ama]] (nirama atisara). Hence in cases of chronic diarrhea and where there is no relation of ama, piccha basti can be utilized ideally. [Cha.Sa. Siddhi Sthana 1/ 14-16] Piccha basti may be given in any of the schedules of [[Basti\|basti]] therapy or as per the state of [[Dosha\|dosha]] (avastha) combined with suitable [[Anuvasana\|anuvasana]] basti.</div>

	== Mode of action of piccha basti: ==		== Mode of action of piccha basti ==
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Chronic diarrhoea is a feature of malabsorption, excessively rapid entry of chyme into the small or large intestine generates propulsive motor patterns leading to accelerated transit. Inflammation is associated with decreased mixing motor patterns, but increased propulsive motility including high amplitude propagated contractions.<ref name="ref5">Spiller R. Role of motility in chronic diarrhoea. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2006 Dec;18(12):1045-55</ref> Hence treatment of inflammation and correcting the excessive abnormal peristalsis is the treatment principle in certain chronic diarrhoea mostly associated with irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn’s [[Vyadhi\|disease]] & ulcerative colitis. Contents in piccha basti have anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal properties. Moreover, [[Basti\|basti]] treatment itself can set in the reverse peristaltic waves, which can slow down the high amplitude propagated contractions in the colon. [[Basti\|Basti]] has direct access to the colon and rectum, thus drugs used in [[Basti\|basti]] can directly reach the site of inflammation or ulcers without any alteration due to gastric contents. The small intestine is the excretory organ for the [[Pitta\|pitta]] & colon for [[Vata dosha\|vata]] in natural course. But [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] associated with the intestine can hamper the [[Pitta\|pitta]] and [[Vata dosha\|vata]] excretion. [[Pitta\|Pitta]] is excreted through small intestine by [[Virechana\|virechana]] therapy and [[Vata dosha\|vata]] from colon by [[Basti\|basti]]. This brings [[Dosha\|dosha]] from shakha and [[Marma\|marma]] to [[Koshtha\|koshtha]]. Thus inflammation to these organs makes the patient ineligible for [[Panchakarma\|panchakarma]] therapy. [[Koshtha\|Koshtha]] has to be capable of excreting [[Dosha\|dosha]]. Thus, it is inevitable to treat and heal the gut ([[Koshtha\|koshtha]]) on priority either by drug or by [[Basti\|basti]] treatment. </div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>Chronic diarrhoea is a feature of malabsorption, excessively rapid entry of chyme into the small or large intestine generates propulsive motor patterns leading to accelerated transit. Inflammation is associated with decreased mixing motor patterns, but increased propulsive motility including high amplitude propagated contractions.<ref name="ref5">Spiller R. Role of motility in chronic diarrhoea. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2006 Dec;18(12):1045-55</ref> Hence treatment of inflammation and correcting the excessive abnormal peristalsis is the treatment principle in certain chronic diarrhoea mostly associated with irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn’s [[Vyadhi\|disease]] & ulcerative colitis. Contents in piccha basti have anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal properties. Moreover, [[Basti\|basti]] treatment itself can set in the reverse peristaltic waves, which can slow down the high amplitude propagated contractions in the colon. [[Basti\|Basti]] has direct access to the colon and rectum, thus drugs used in [[Basti\|basti]] can directly reach the site of inflammation or ulcers without any alteration due to gastric contents. The small intestine is the excretory organ for the [[Pitta\|pitta]] & colon for [[Vata dosha\|vata]] in natural course. But [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] associated with the intestine can hamper the [[Pitta\|pitta]] and [[Vata dosha\|vata]] excretion. [[Pitta\|Pitta]] is excreted through small intestine by [[Virechana\|virechana]] therapy and [[Vata dosha\|vata]] from colon by [[Basti\|basti]]. This brings [[Dosha\|dosha]] from shakha and [[Marma\|marma]] to [[Koshtha\|koshtha]]. Thus inflammation to these organs makes the patient ineligible for [[Panchakarma\|panchakarma]] therapy. [[Koshtha\|Koshtha]] has to be capable of excreting [[Dosha\|dosha]]. Thus, it is inevitable to treat and heal the gut ([[Koshtha\|koshtha]]) on priority either by drug or by [[Basti\|basti]] treatment. </div>

	== Properties of commonly used drugs in piccha basti: ==		== Properties of commonly used drugs in piccha basti ==
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Shalmali i.e. Salmalia malabarica (DC.) Schott & Endl is the primary and common ingredient in all the classical formulations of piccha basti. This herb is included in purishavirajaniya, shonitasthapana, vedanasthapana kashaya. [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 4/46-50] Gum resin and stem of shalmali both are used to prepare piccha basti. It has antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic and analgesic properties.<ref name="ref6">https://www.easyayurveda.com/2012/10/03/shalmali-silk-cotton-tree-ayurveda-use-formulations-home-remedies/ cited on 1.10.2022</ref> It has specific activities such as anti-HIV activity & anti-Helicobacter pylori activity.<ref name="ref7">Sarita Karole*, Dr. Greindra Gautam, Dr. Shailsh Gupta, Pharmacognostic And Pharmacological Profile Of Bombax Ceiba, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 2017, 6(3): 16-27</ref> <br/>Tannins and gallic acids present in mocharasa acts as astringents which precipitate proteins that are helpful in restoring the damaged epithelial mucosal lining of the ulcerated mucosa.<ref name="ref8">Jagtap AG, Niphadkar PV, Phadke AS. Protective effect of aqueous extract of Bombax malabaricum DC on experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease in rats and mice. Indian J Exp Biol 2011;49:343-51</ref> A gum resin rich in starch contents, mocharasa forms a mucilaginous layer that protects the inflamed and damaged intestinal mucosa. <br/>Nyagrodha (Ficus bengalensis Linn.), Udumbara (Ficus racemosa Linn.), and Ashwattha (Ficus religiosa Linn.) are used in piccha basti formulation. These are contents of panchavalkala with wound healing properties.<ref name="ref9">Dhurve, V., & Dudhamal, T. (2020, September 29). Wound healing potential of three forms of Panchavalkala in post-operative fistula wounds- Case Series. International Journal of AYUSH Case Reports, 4(3), 189-197.</ref> It also possesses antimicrobial and anticancer properties.<ref name="ref10">Aphale S, Pandita S, Raina P, Mishra J N, Kaul-Ghanekar R. Phytochemical standardization of panchavalkala: An ayurvedic formulation and evaluation of its anticancer activity in cervical cancer cell lines. Phcog Mag 2018;14:554-60</ref> Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia L.), [[Chandana\|chandana (Santalum album L.)]], utpala (Nymphaea stellata Willd), madhuka (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.) used in piccha basti are cold in nature and pacify [[Pitta dosha\|pitta dosha]], which is vital for the reduction of inflammation. Badara (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk)<ref name="ref11">https://www.iafaforallergy.com/herbs-a-to-z/badara-ziziphus-jujuba/ cited on 25.09.2022</ref>, nagabala (Sida Veronicaefolia)<ref name="ref12">https://www.easyayurveda.com/2012/10/03/nagabala-full-ayurvedic-details-usage-health-benefits-formulation/#properties cited on 25.09.2022</ref>, shleshmataka<ref name="ref13"> https://www.easyayurveda.com/2016/12/21/lasoda-cordia-dichotoma-shleshmataka/ cited on 25.09.2022</ref> (Cordia dichotoma G.Forsk.) are also helpful for pacifying [[Pitta dosha\|pitta dosha]] and checking to bleed. Rakta basti (enema with fresh blood) is beneficial formulation that significantly improves hemoglobin level.<ref name="ref14">Abhijit Dinkarrao Shekhar, Role of Raktabasti In Pandu (Mycrocytic Hypocromic Anemia), World Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Medical Research, 2017,3(5), 146-151</ref> The use of [[Rakta dhatu\|rakta]] in [[Basti\|basti]] formulation may be useful to overcome the anemia caused by blood loss through the colonic bleeding. Due to antibacterial and healing properties, pichha basti can be well deployed in fissure in ano. Piccha basti probably removes the accumulated secretions in the fissure bed, promotes healing and reduces secondary infection too. <br/>Honey and [[Ghee\|ghee]] together relieve the wound's warmth showing anti-inflammatory actions.<ref name="ref15">Charde MS, Fulzele SV, Satturwar PM, et al. Wound healing and anti-inflammatory potential of madhu-ghrita. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2006;68:26–31.</ref> Ghrita is a well-known remedy for vitiated pitta. Research has proven the wound-healing potential<ref name="ref16">Subrahmanyam M. Topical application of honey for burn wound treatment – an overview. Ann Burns Fire Disasters. 2007;20:137–140.</ref> of honey and its inhibitory effect on most strains of pathogenic bacteria. Also, the increase in resistant bacterial species has stressed using natural antibacterial agents.<ref name="ref17">Cooper RA, Molan PC, Harding KG (1999) Antibacterial activity of honey against strains of Staphylococcus aureus from infected wounds. J Roy Soc Med 283–285</ref> </div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>Shalmali i.e. Salmalia malabarica (DC.) Schott & Endl is the primary and common ingredient in all the classical formulations of piccha basti. This herb is included in purishavirajaniya, shonitasthapana, vedanasthapana kashaya. [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 4/46-50] Gum resin and stem of shalmali both are used to prepare piccha basti. It has antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic and analgesic properties.<ref name="ref6">https://www.easyayurveda.com/2012/10/03/shalmali-silk-cotton-tree-ayurveda-use-formulations-home-remedies/ cited on 1.10.2022</ref> It has specific activities such as anti-HIV activity & anti-Helicobacter pylori activity.<ref name="ref7">Sarita Karole*, Dr. Greindra Gautam, Dr. Shailsh Gupta, Pharmacognostic And Pharmacological Profile Of Bombax Ceiba, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 2017, 6(3): 16-27</ref> <br/>Tannins and gallic acids present in mocharasa acts as astringents which precipitate proteins that are helpful in restoring the damaged epithelial mucosal lining of the ulcerated mucosa.<ref name="ref8">Jagtap AG, Niphadkar PV, Phadke AS. Protective effect of aqueous extract of Bombax malabaricum DC on experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease in rats and mice. Indian J Exp Biol 2011;49:343-51</ref> A gum resin rich in starch contents, mocharasa forms a mucilaginous layer that protects the inflamed and damaged intestinal mucosa. <br/>Nyagrodha (Ficus bengalensis Linn.), Udumbara (Ficus racemosa Linn.), and Ashwattha (Ficus religiosa Linn.) are used in piccha basti formulation. These are contents of panchavalkala with wound healing properties.<ref name="ref9">Dhurve, V., & Dudhamal, T. (2020, September 29). Wound healing potential of three forms of Panchavalkala in post-operative fistula wounds- Case Series. International Journal of AYUSH Case Reports, 4(3), 189-197.</ref> It also possesses antimicrobial and anticancer properties.<ref name="ref10">Aphale S, Pandita S, Raina P, Mishra J N, Kaul-Ghanekar R. Phytochemical standardization of panchavalkala: An ayurvedic formulation and evaluation of its anticancer activity in cervical cancer cell lines. Phcog Mag 2018;14:554-60</ref> Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia L.), [[Chandana\|chandana (Santalum album L.)]], utpala (Nymphaea stellata Willd), madhuka (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.) used in piccha basti are cold in nature and pacify [[Pitta dosha\|pitta dosha]], which is vital for the reduction of inflammation. Badara (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk)<ref name="ref11">https://www.iafaforallergy.com/herbs-a-to-z/badara-ziziphus-jujuba/ cited on 25.09.2022</ref>, nagabala (Sida Veronicaefolia)<ref name="ref12">https://www.easyayurveda.com/2012/10/03/nagabala-full-ayurvedic-details-usage-health-benefits-formulation/#properties cited on 25.09.2022</ref>, shleshmataka<ref name="ref13"> https://www.easyayurveda.com/2016/12/21/lasoda-cordia-dichotoma-shleshmataka/ cited on 25.09.2022</ref> (Cordia dichotoma G.Forsk.) are also helpful for pacifying [[Pitta dosha\|pitta dosha]] and checking to bleed. Rakta basti (enema with fresh blood) is beneficial formulation that significantly improves hemoglobin level.<ref name="ref14">Abhijit Dinkarrao Shekhar, Role of Raktabasti In Pandu (Mycrocytic Hypocromic Anemia), World Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Medical Research, 2017,3(5), 146-151</ref> The use of [[Rakta dhatu\|rakta]] in [[Basti\|basti]] formulation may be useful to overcome the anemia caused by blood loss through the colonic bleeding. Due to antibacterial and healing properties, pichha basti can be well deployed in fissure in ano. Piccha basti probably removes the accumulated secretions in the fissure bed, promotes healing and reduces secondary infection too. <br/>Honey and [[Ghee\|ghee]] together relieve the wound's warmth showing anti-inflammatory actions.<ref name="ref15">Charde MS, Fulzele SV, Satturwar PM, et al. Wound healing and anti-inflammatory potential of madhu-ghrita. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2006;68:26–31.</ref> Ghrita is a well-known remedy for vitiated pitta. Research has proven the wound-healing potential<ref name="ref16">Subrahmanyam M. Topical application of honey for burn wound treatment – an overview. Ann Burns Fire Disasters. 2007;20:137–140.</ref> of honey and its inhibitory effect on most strains of pathogenic bacteria. Also, the increase in resistant bacterial species has stressed using natural antibacterial agents.<ref name="ref17">Cooper RA, Molan PC, Harding KG (1999) Antibacterial activity of honey against strains of Staphylococcus aureus from infected wounds. J Roy Soc Med 283–285</ref> </div>

Agnivesha: corrected spellings etc

2022-12-30T07:02:06Z

corrected spellings etc

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:02, 30 December 2022
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	\|type=article		\|type=article
	}}		}}
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Piccha basti is a classical therapeutic [[Basti\|enema]] with decoction (niruha basti). It is indicated explicitly in colorectal disorders like dysentery, bleeding, colitis. It is also helpful in the management of specific complications of niruha basti. This formulation has styptic (sangrahi), healing (ropana), and hemostatic (shonitasthapana) properties. </div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>Piccha basti is a classical therapeutic [[Basti\|enema]] with decoction ([[niruha basti]]). It is indicated explicitly in colorectal disorders like dysentery, bleeding, colitis. It is also helpful in the management of specific complications of [[niruha basti]]. This formulation has styptic (sangrahi), healing (ropana), and hemostatic (shonitasthapana) properties. </div>

	{{Infobox		{{Infobox
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	Following ingredients are used as homogenous mixture for piccha basti:		Following ingredients are used as homogenous mixture for piccha basti:
	<ul style='text-align:justify;'><li>Two prastha (1536 ml) processed milk decoction (kshira [[Kashaya\|Kashaya]]) made from Yavasa (Alhagi camelorum Fisch.), Kusha (Imperata cylindrical Beauv.), Kasha (Saccharum spontaneum Linn.), flowers of Semul (Bombax ceiba L), and adventitious roots of Nyagrodha (Ficus bengalensis Linn.), Udumbara (Ficus racemosa Linn.), and Ashwattha (Ficus religiosa Linn.) 2 pala i.e. 96 gm each) </li>		<ul style='text-align:justify;'><li>Two prastha (1536 ml) processed milk decoction (kshira [[Kashaya\|Kashaya]]) made from Yavasa (Alhagi camelorum Fisch.), Kusha (Imperata cylindrical Beauv.), Kasha (Saccharum spontaneum Linn.), flowers of Semul (Bombax ceiba L), and adventitious roots of Nyagrodha (Ficus bengalensis Linn.), Udumbara (Ficus racemosa Linn.), and Ashwattha (Ficus religiosa Linn.) 2 pala i.e. 96 gm each) </li>
	<li>Paste of the resin from Shalmali (mocharasa, Bombax ceiba L), ~~Majishtha~~ (Rubia cordifolia L.), [[Chandana\|Chandana (Santalum album L.)]], Utpala (Nymphaea stellata Willd), seeds of [[Kutaja\|Kutaja (Holorrhena antidysenterica Wall.)]], Priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl.) and Padmakeshar (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) </li>		<li>Paste of the resin from Shalmali (mocharasa, Bombax ceiba L), Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia L.), [[Chandana\|Chandana (Santalum album L.)]], Utpala (Nymphaea stellata Willd), seeds of [[Kutaja\|Kutaja (Holorrhena antidysenterica Wall.)]], Priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl.) and Padmakeshar (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) </li>
	<li>[[Ghee\|Ghee]], honey, and sugar. [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 14/ 225-229]</li></ul>		<li>[[Ghee\|Ghee]], honey, and sugar. [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 14/ 225-229]</li></ul>

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	=== 3. Piccha basti formulation 3: ===		=== 3. Piccha basti formulation 3: ===
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Twenty four pala (1152 ml) processed milk decoction (kshira Kashaya) made from 3 pala (144 gm) of certain drugs?? [Badara (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk), nagabala (Sida Veroni caefolia), shleshmataka (Cordia dichotoma G.Forsk.), shalmali (Bombax ceiba L), dhanvana (Coriandrum sativum L.) ankura all in equal quantity] + 4 pala (192gm) of honey + 4 pala (192 ml) of fresh blood </div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>Twenty four pala (1152 ml) processed milk decoction (kshira Kashaya) made from 3 pala (144 gm) of certain drugs [Badara (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk), nagabala (Sida Veroni caefolia), shleshmataka (Cordia dichotoma G.Forsk.), shalmali (Bombax ceiba L), dhanvana (Coriandrum sativum L.) ankura all in equal quantity] + 4 pala (192gm) of honey + 4 pala (192 ml) of fresh blood </div>

	== Dose of piccha basti: ==		== Dose of piccha basti ==
	1536 ml (32 pala) [Dalhana]<ref name="ref2">Dalhana on Sushrut Samhita Chikitsasthana 38/ 85-86, https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read, cited on 1.10.2022</ref> <br/>576 ml (12 pala) [Sharangadhara]* <br/>*However, this particular dose seems specific for the piccha basti having fresh blood as an ingredient. [Su. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 38/ 85-86]		Total 1536 ml (32 pala) [Dalhana]<ref name="ref2">Dalhana on Sushrut Samhita Chikitsasthana 38/ 85-86, https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read, cited on 1.10.2022</ref> <br/>Total 576 ml (12 pala) [Sharangadhara]* <br/>*However, this particular dose seems specific for the piccha basti having fresh blood as an ingredient. [Su. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 38/ 85-86]

	== Practical application of piccha basti: ==		== Practical application of piccha basti ==
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>In current practices, few practitioners use disease-specific [[Snehana (unction therapy)\|sneha]] (unctuous formulation) like shatadhauta ghrita, changeryadi ghrita, nalapamaradi keram instead of plain cow [[Ghee\|ghee]] etc.<ref name="ref3">L. Mahadevan, Ayurvedic clinical practice, Dr. Y Mahadeva iyyar’s Sri Sarada Ayurvedic hospital, 1st edition, 2010; 1: 55</ref> Some researchers have used durva kalka (paste of scutch grass -Cynodon dactylon) and jatyadi taila in piccha basti. <ref name="ref4">Sharma P, Kajaria D. Efficacy of Piccha Basti and immune enhancer medicines in the management of ulcerative colitis. Indian Journal of Ayurveda integrative Medicine 2022; 3:41-6</ref> <br/>The widely used formulation of piccha basti and its dose is as below:		<div style='text-align:justify;'>In current practices, few practitioners use disease-specific [[Snehana (unction therapy)\|sneha]] (unctuous formulation) like shatadhauta ghrita, changeryadi ghrita, nalapamaradi keram instead of plain cow [[Ghee\|ghee]] etc.<ref name="ref3">L. Mahadevan, Ayurvedic clinical practice, Dr. Y Mahadeva iyyar’s Sri Sarada Ayurvedic hospital, 1st edition, 2010; 1: 55</ref> Some researchers have used durva kalka (paste of scutch grass -Cynodon dactylon) and jatyadi taila in piccha basti. <ref name="ref4">Sharma P, Kajaria D. Efficacy of Piccha Basti and immune enhancer medicines in the management of ulcerative colitis. Indian Journal of Ayurveda integrative Medicine 2022; 3:41-6</ref> <br/>The widely used formulation of piccha basti and its dose is as below:
	<ul><li>Honey -200 ml</li>		<ul><li>Honey -200 ml</li>
	<li>Saindhava- 12 gm</li>		<li>Saindhava- 12 gm</li>
	<li>Goghrita/ Jatyadi Ghrita/ Nalpamaradi Keram (based on condition)- 100 ml</li>		<li>Goghrita/ Jatyadi Ghrita/ Nalpamaradi Keram (based on condition)- 100 ml</li>
	<li>The paste of the resin from Shalmali (mocharas, Bombax ceiba L) & madhuka (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.- 30 gm</li>		<li>The paste of the resin from Shalmali (mocharas, Bombax ceiba L) & madhuka (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.)- 30 gm</li>
	<li>Shalmali and Mustadi siddha kshira (milk)- 200 ml</li></ul></div>		<li>Shalmali and Mustadi siddha kshira (milk)- 200 ml</li></ul></div>

	=== General guidelines: ===		=== General guidelines: ===
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>[[Asthapana basti\|Asthapana basti]] is contraindicated in diarrhea with ama (amatisara). It is indicated in diarrhea without ama (nirama atisara). Hence in cases of chronic diarrhea and where there is no relation of ama, piccha basti can be utilized ideally. [Cha.Sa. Siddhi Sthana 1/ 14-16] Piccha basti may be given in any of the schedules of [[Basti\|basti]] therapy or as per the state of [[Dosha\|dosha]] (avastha) combined with suitable [[Anuvasana\|anuvasana]] basti.</div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>[[Asthapana basti\|Asthapana basti]] is contraindicated in diarrhea with [[ama]] (amatisara). It is indicated in diarrhea without [[ama]] (nirama atisara). Hence in cases of chronic diarrhea and where there is no relation of ama, piccha basti can be utilized ideally. [Cha.Sa. Siddhi Sthana 1/ 14-16] Piccha basti may be given in any of the schedules of [[Basti\|basti]] therapy or as per the state of [[Dosha\|dosha]] (avastha) combined with suitable [[Anuvasana\|anuvasana]] basti.</div>

	== Mode of action of piccha basti: ==		== Mode of action of piccha basti: ==
Line 104:		Line 104:
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Shalmali i.e. Salmalia malabarica (DC.) Schott & Endl is the primary and common ingredient in all the classical formulations of piccha basti. This herb is included in purishavirajaniya, shonitasthapana, vedanasthapana kashaya. [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 4/46-50] Gum resin and stem of shalmali both are used to prepare piccha basti. It has antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic and analgesic properties.<ref name="ref6">https://www.easyayurveda.com/2012/10/03/shalmali-silk-cotton-tree-ayurveda-use-formulations-home-remedies/ cited on 1.10.2022</ref> It has specific activities such as anti-HIV activity & anti-Helicobacter pylori activity.<ref name="ref7">Sarita Karole*, Dr. Greindra Gautam, Dr. Shailsh Gupta, Pharmacognostic And Pharmacological Profile Of Bombax Ceiba, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 2017, 6(3): 16-27</ref> <br/>Tannins and gallic acids present in mocharasa acts as astringents which precipitate proteins that are helpful in restoring the damaged epithelial mucosal lining of the ulcerated mucosa.<ref name="ref8">Jagtap AG, Niphadkar PV, Phadke AS. Protective effect of aqueous extract of Bombax malabaricum DC on experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease in rats and mice. Indian J Exp Biol 2011;49:343-51</ref> A gum resin rich in starch contents, mocharasa forms a mucilaginous layer that protects the inflamed and damaged intestinal mucosa. <br/>Nyagrodha (Ficus bengalensis Linn.), Udumbara (Ficus racemosa Linn.), and Ashwattha (Ficus religiosa Linn.) are used in piccha basti formulation. These are contents of panchavalkala with wound healing properties.<ref name="ref9">Dhurve, V., & Dudhamal, T. (2020, September 29). Wound healing potential of three forms of Panchavalkala in post-operative fistula wounds- Case Series. International Journal of AYUSH Case Reports, 4(3), 189-197.</ref> It also possesses antimicrobial and anticancer properties.<ref name="ref10">Aphale S, Pandita S, Raina P, Mishra J N, Kaul-Ghanekar R. Phytochemical standardization of panchavalkala: An ayurvedic formulation and evaluation of its anticancer activity in cervical cancer cell lines. Phcog Mag 2018;14:554-60</ref> Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia L.), [[Chandana\|chandana (Santalum album L.)]], utpala (Nymphaea stellata Willd), madhuka (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.) used in piccha basti are cold in nature and pacify [[Pitta dosha\|pitta dosha]], which is vital for the reduction of inflammation. Badara (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk)<ref name="ref11">https://www.iafaforallergy.com/herbs-a-to-z/badara-ziziphus-jujuba/ cited on 25.09.2022</ref>, nagabala (Sida Veronicaefolia)<ref name="ref12">https://www.easyayurveda.com/2012/10/03/nagabala-full-ayurvedic-details-usage-health-benefits-formulation/#properties cited on 25.09.2022</ref>, shleshmataka<ref name="ref13"> https://www.easyayurveda.com/2016/12/21/lasoda-cordia-dichotoma-shleshmataka/ cited on 25.09.2022</ref> (Cordia dichotoma G.Forsk.) are also helpful for pacifying [[Pitta dosha\|pitta dosha]] and checking to bleed. Rakta basti (enema with fresh blood) is beneficial formulation that significantly improves hemoglobin level.<ref name="ref14">Abhijit Dinkarrao Shekhar, Role of Raktabasti In Pandu (Mycrocytic Hypocromic Anemia), World Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Medical Research, 2017,3(5), 146-151</ref> The use of [[Rakta dhatu\|rakta]] in [[Basti\|basti]] formulation may be useful to overcome the anemia caused by blood loss through the colonic bleeding. Due to antibacterial and healing properties, pichha basti can be well deployed in fissure in ano. Piccha basti probably removes the accumulated secretions in the fissure bed, promotes healing and reduces secondary infection too. <br/>Honey and [[Ghee\|ghee]] together relieve the wound's warmth showing anti-inflammatory actions.<ref name="ref15">Charde MS, Fulzele SV, Satturwar PM, et al. Wound healing and anti-inflammatory potential of madhu-ghrita. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2006;68:26–31.</ref> Ghrita is a well-known remedy for vitiated pitta. Research has proven the wound-healing potential<ref name="ref16">Subrahmanyam M. Topical application of honey for burn wound treatment – an overview. Ann Burns Fire Disasters. 2007;20:137–140.</ref> of honey and its inhibitory effect on most strains of pathogenic bacteria. Also, the increase in resistant bacterial species has stressed using natural antibacterial agents.<ref name="ref17">Cooper RA, Molan PC, Harding KG (1999) Antibacterial activity of honey against strains of Staphylococcus aureus from infected wounds. J Roy Soc Med 283–285</ref> </div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>Shalmali i.e. Salmalia malabarica (DC.) Schott & Endl is the primary and common ingredient in all the classical formulations of piccha basti. This herb is included in purishavirajaniya, shonitasthapana, vedanasthapana kashaya. [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 4/46-50] Gum resin and stem of shalmali both are used to prepare piccha basti. It has antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic and analgesic properties.<ref name="ref6">https://www.easyayurveda.com/2012/10/03/shalmali-silk-cotton-tree-ayurveda-use-formulations-home-remedies/ cited on 1.10.2022</ref> It has specific activities such as anti-HIV activity & anti-Helicobacter pylori activity.<ref name="ref7">Sarita Karole*, Dr. Greindra Gautam, Dr. Shailsh Gupta, Pharmacognostic And Pharmacological Profile Of Bombax Ceiba, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 2017, 6(3): 16-27</ref> <br/>Tannins and gallic acids present in mocharasa acts as astringents which precipitate proteins that are helpful in restoring the damaged epithelial mucosal lining of the ulcerated mucosa.<ref name="ref8">Jagtap AG, Niphadkar PV, Phadke AS. Protective effect of aqueous extract of Bombax malabaricum DC on experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease in rats and mice. Indian J Exp Biol 2011;49:343-51</ref> A gum resin rich in starch contents, mocharasa forms a mucilaginous layer that protects the inflamed and damaged intestinal mucosa. <br/>Nyagrodha (Ficus bengalensis Linn.), Udumbara (Ficus racemosa Linn.), and Ashwattha (Ficus religiosa Linn.) are used in piccha basti formulation. These are contents of panchavalkala with wound healing properties.<ref name="ref9">Dhurve, V., & Dudhamal, T. (2020, September 29). Wound healing potential of three forms of Panchavalkala in post-operative fistula wounds- Case Series. International Journal of AYUSH Case Reports, 4(3), 189-197.</ref> It also possesses antimicrobial and anticancer properties.<ref name="ref10">Aphale S, Pandita S, Raina P, Mishra J N, Kaul-Ghanekar R. Phytochemical standardization of panchavalkala: An ayurvedic formulation and evaluation of its anticancer activity in cervical cancer cell lines. Phcog Mag 2018;14:554-60</ref> Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia L.), [[Chandana\|chandana (Santalum album L.)]], utpala (Nymphaea stellata Willd), madhuka (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.) used in piccha basti are cold in nature and pacify [[Pitta dosha\|pitta dosha]], which is vital for the reduction of inflammation. Badara (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk)<ref name="ref11">https://www.iafaforallergy.com/herbs-a-to-z/badara-ziziphus-jujuba/ cited on 25.09.2022</ref>, nagabala (Sida Veronicaefolia)<ref name="ref12">https://www.easyayurveda.com/2012/10/03/nagabala-full-ayurvedic-details-usage-health-benefits-formulation/#properties cited on 25.09.2022</ref>, shleshmataka<ref name="ref13"> https://www.easyayurveda.com/2016/12/21/lasoda-cordia-dichotoma-shleshmataka/ cited on 25.09.2022</ref> (Cordia dichotoma G.Forsk.) are also helpful for pacifying [[Pitta dosha\|pitta dosha]] and checking to bleed. Rakta basti (enema with fresh blood) is beneficial formulation that significantly improves hemoglobin level.<ref name="ref14">Abhijit Dinkarrao Shekhar, Role of Raktabasti In Pandu (Mycrocytic Hypocromic Anemia), World Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Medical Research, 2017,3(5), 146-151</ref> The use of [[Rakta dhatu\|rakta]] in [[Basti\|basti]] formulation may be useful to overcome the anemia caused by blood loss through the colonic bleeding. Due to antibacterial and healing properties, pichha basti can be well deployed in fissure in ano. Piccha basti probably removes the accumulated secretions in the fissure bed, promotes healing and reduces secondary infection too. <br/>Honey and [[Ghee\|ghee]] together relieve the wound's warmth showing anti-inflammatory actions.<ref name="ref15">Charde MS, Fulzele SV, Satturwar PM, et al. Wound healing and anti-inflammatory potential of madhu-ghrita. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2006;68:26–31.</ref> Ghrita is a well-known remedy for vitiated pitta. Research has proven the wound-healing potential<ref name="ref16">Subrahmanyam M. Topical application of honey for burn wound treatment – an overview. Ann Burns Fire Disasters. 2007;20:137–140.</ref> of honey and its inhibitory effect on most strains of pathogenic bacteria. Also, the increase in resistant bacterial species has stressed using natural antibacterial agents.<ref name="ref17">Cooper RA, Molan PC, Harding KG (1999) Antibacterial activity of honey against strains of Staphylococcus aureus from infected wounds. J Roy Soc Med 283–285</ref> </div>

	== ~~Clinical indications~~ of piccha basti: ==		== Indications of piccha basti ==
	<ol><li>Ulcerative colitis</li>		<ol><li>Ulcerative colitis</li>
	<li>Irritable bowel syndrome</li>		<li>Irritable bowel syndrome</li>
Line 117:		Line 117:
	<li>Fissure in ano</li></ol>		<li>Fissure in ano</li></ol>

	== Further reading: ==		== Further reading ==
	Following research works have been done to study effect of piccha basti as treatment modality.		Following research works have been done to study effect of piccha basti as treatment modality.
	<ol style='text-align:justify;'><li>Sharma P, Kajaria D. Efficacy of Piccha Basti and immune enhancer medicines in the management of ulcerative colitis. Indian Journal of Ayurveda integrative Medicine 2022; 3:41-6</li>		<ol style='text-align:justify;'><li>Sharma P, Kajaria D. Efficacy of Piccha Basti and immune enhancer medicines in the management of ulcerative colitis. Indian Journal of Ayurveda integrative Medicine 2022; 3:41-6</li>

Agnivesha: /* Clinical indications of piccha basti: */

2022-12-29T15:54:18Z

Clinical indications of piccha basti:

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:54, 29 December 2022
Line 109:		Line 109:
	<li>Crohn’s disease</li>		<li>Crohn’s disease</li>
	<li>Chronic diarrhoea</li>		<li>Chronic diarrhoea</li>
	<li>Colorectal cancer</li>		<li>Colorectal [[Cancer\|cancer]]</li>
	<li>Bleeding piles</li>		<li>Bleeding piles</li>
	<li>Celiac disease</li>		<li>Celiac disease</li>

Agnivesha: /* Properties of commonly used drugs in piccha basti: */

2022-12-29T15:46:06Z

Properties of commonly used drugs in piccha basti:

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	== Properties of commonly used drugs in piccha basti: ==		== Properties of commonly used drugs in piccha basti: ==
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Shalmali i.e. Salmalia malabarica (DC.) Schott & Endl is the primary and common ingredient in all the classical formulations of piccha basti. This herb is included in purishavirajaniya, shonitasthapana, vedanasthapana kashaya. [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 4/46-50] Gum resin and stem of shalmali both are used to prepare piccha basti. It has antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic and analgesic properties.<ref name="ref6">https://www.easyayurveda.com/2012/10/03/shalmali-silk-cotton-tree-ayurveda-use-formulations-home-remedies/ cited on 1.10.2022</ref> It has specific activities such as anti-HIV activity & anti-Helicobacter pylori activity.<ref name="ref7">Sarita Karole*, Dr. Greindra Gautam, Dr. Shailsh Gupta, Pharmacognostic And Pharmacological Profile Of Bombax Ceiba, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 2017, 6(3): 16-27</ref> <br/>Tannins and gallic acids present in mocharasa acts as astringents which precipitate proteins that are helpful in restoring the damaged epithelial mucosal lining of the ulcerated mucosa.<ref name="ref8">Jagtap AG, Niphadkar PV, Phadke AS. Protective effect of aqueous extract of Bombax malabaricum DC on experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease in rats and mice. Indian J Exp Biol 2011;49:343-51</ref> A gum resin rich in starch contents, mocharasa forms a mucilaginous layer that protects the inflamed and damaged intestinal mucosa. <br/>Nyagrodha (Ficus bengalensis Linn.), Udumbara (Ficus racemosa Linn.), and Ashwattha (Ficus religiosa Linn.) are used in piccha basti formulation. These are contents of panchavalkala with wound healing properties.<ref name="ref9">Dhurve, V., & Dudhamal, T. (2020, September 29). Wound healing potential of three forms of Panchavalkala in post-operative fistula wounds- Case Series. International Journal of AYUSH Case Reports, 4(3), 189-197.</ref> It also possesses antimicrobial and anticancer properties.<ref name="ref10">Aphale S, Pandita S, Raina P, Mishra J N, Kaul-Ghanekar R. Phytochemical standardization of panchavalkala: An ayurvedic formulation and evaluation of its anticancer activity in cervical cancer cell lines. Phcog Mag 2018;14:554-60</ref> Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia L.), chandana (Santalum album L.), utpala (Nymphaea stellata Willd), madhuka (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.) used in piccha basti are cold in nature and pacify pitta dosha, which is vital for the reduction of inflammation. Badara (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk)<ref name="ref11">https://www.iafaforallergy.com/herbs-a-to-z/badara-ziziphus-jujuba/ cited on 25.09.2022</ref>, nagabala (Sida Veronicaefolia)<ref name="ref12">https://www.easyayurveda.com/2012/10/03/nagabala-full-ayurvedic-details-usage-health-benefits-formulation/#properties cited on 25.09.2022</ref>, shleshmataka<ref name="ref13"> https://www.easyayurveda.com/2016/12/21/lasoda-cordia-dichotoma-shleshmataka/ cited on 25.09.2022</ref> (Cordia dichotoma G.Forsk.) are also helpful for pacifying pitta dosha and checking to bleed. Rakta basti (enema with fresh blood) is beneficial formulation that significantly improves hemoglobin level.<ref name="ref14">Abhijit Dinkarrao Shekhar, Role of Raktabasti In Pandu (Mycrocytic Hypocromic Anemia), World Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Medical Research, 2017,3(5), 146-151</ref> The use of rakta in basti formulation may be useful to overcome the anemia caused by blood loss through the colonic bleeding. Due to antibacterial and healing properties, pichha basti can be well deployed in fissure in ano. Piccha basti probably removes the accumulated secretions in the fissure bed, promotes healing and reduces secondary infection too. <br/>Honey and ghee together relieve the wound's warmth showing anti-inflammatory actions.<ref name="ref15">Charde MS, Fulzele SV, Satturwar PM, et al. Wound healing and anti-inflammatory potential of madhu-ghrita. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2006;68:26–31.</ref> Ghrita is a well-known remedy for vitiated pitta. Research has proven the wound-healing potential<ref name="ref16">Subrahmanyam M. Topical application of honey for burn wound treatment – an overview. Ann Burns Fire Disasters. 2007;20:137–140.</ref> of honey and its inhibitory effect on most strains of pathogenic bacteria. Also, the increase in resistant bacterial species has stressed using natural antibacterial agents.<ref name="ref17">Cooper RA, Molan PC, Harding KG (1999) Antibacterial activity of honey against strains of Staphylococcus aureus from infected wounds. J Roy Soc Med 283–285</ref> </div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>Shalmali i.e. Salmalia malabarica (DC.) Schott & Endl is the primary and common ingredient in all the classical formulations of piccha basti. This herb is included in purishavirajaniya, shonitasthapana, vedanasthapana kashaya. [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 4/46-50] Gum resin and stem of shalmali both are used to prepare piccha basti. It has antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic and analgesic properties.<ref name="ref6">https://www.easyayurveda.com/2012/10/03/shalmali-silk-cotton-tree-ayurveda-use-formulations-home-remedies/ cited on 1.10.2022</ref> It has specific activities such as anti-HIV activity & anti-Helicobacter pylori activity.<ref name="ref7">Sarita Karole*, Dr. Greindra Gautam, Dr. Shailsh Gupta, Pharmacognostic And Pharmacological Profile Of Bombax Ceiba, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 2017, 6(3): 16-27</ref> <br/>Tannins and gallic acids present in mocharasa acts as astringents which precipitate proteins that are helpful in restoring the damaged epithelial mucosal lining of the ulcerated mucosa.<ref name="ref8">Jagtap AG, Niphadkar PV, Phadke AS. Protective effect of aqueous extract of Bombax malabaricum DC on experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease in rats and mice. Indian J Exp Biol 2011;49:343-51</ref> A gum resin rich in starch contents, mocharasa forms a mucilaginous layer that protects the inflamed and damaged intestinal mucosa. <br/>Nyagrodha (Ficus bengalensis Linn.), Udumbara (Ficus racemosa Linn.), and Ashwattha (Ficus religiosa Linn.) are used in piccha basti formulation. These are contents of panchavalkala with wound healing properties.<ref name="ref9">Dhurve, V., & Dudhamal, T. (2020, September 29). Wound healing potential of three forms of Panchavalkala in post-operative fistula wounds- Case Series. International Journal of AYUSH Case Reports, 4(3), 189-197.</ref> It also possesses antimicrobial and anticancer properties.<ref name="ref10">Aphale S, Pandita S, Raina P, Mishra J N, Kaul-Ghanekar R. Phytochemical standardization of panchavalkala: An ayurvedic formulation and evaluation of its anticancer activity in cervical cancer cell lines. Phcog Mag 2018;14:554-60</ref> Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia L.), [[Chandana\|chandana (Santalum album L.)]], utpala (Nymphaea stellata Willd), madhuka (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.) used in piccha basti are cold in nature and pacify [[Pitta dosha\|pitta dosha]], which is vital for the reduction of inflammation. Badara (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk)<ref name="ref11">https://www.iafaforallergy.com/herbs-a-to-z/badara-ziziphus-jujuba/ cited on 25.09.2022</ref>, nagabala (Sida Veronicaefolia)<ref name="ref12">https://www.easyayurveda.com/2012/10/03/nagabala-full-ayurvedic-details-usage-health-benefits-formulation/#properties cited on 25.09.2022</ref>, shleshmataka<ref name="ref13"> https://www.easyayurveda.com/2016/12/21/lasoda-cordia-dichotoma-shleshmataka/ cited on 25.09.2022</ref> (Cordia dichotoma G.Forsk.) are also helpful for pacifying [[Pitta dosha\|pitta dosha]] and checking to bleed. Rakta basti (enema with fresh blood) is beneficial formulation that significantly improves hemoglobin level.<ref name="ref14">Abhijit Dinkarrao Shekhar, Role of Raktabasti In Pandu (Mycrocytic Hypocromic Anemia), World Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Medical Research, 2017,3(5), 146-151</ref> The use of [[Rakta dhatu\|rakta]] in [[Basti\|basti]] formulation may be useful to overcome the anemia caused by blood loss through the colonic bleeding. Due to antibacterial and healing properties, pichha basti can be well deployed in fissure in ano. Piccha basti probably removes the accumulated secretions in the fissure bed, promotes healing and reduces secondary infection too. <br/>Honey and [[Ghee\|ghee]] together relieve the wound's warmth showing anti-inflammatory actions.<ref name="ref15">Charde MS, Fulzele SV, Satturwar PM, et al. Wound healing and anti-inflammatory potential of madhu-ghrita. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2006;68:26–31.</ref> Ghrita is a well-known remedy for vitiated pitta. Research has proven the wound-healing potential<ref name="ref16">Subrahmanyam M. Topical application of honey for burn wound treatment – an overview. Ann Burns Fire Disasters. 2007;20:137–140.</ref> of honey and its inhibitory effect on most strains of pathogenic bacteria. Also, the increase in resistant bacterial species has stressed using natural antibacterial agents.<ref name="ref17">Cooper RA, Molan PC, Harding KG (1999) Antibacterial activity of honey against strains of Staphylococcus aureus from infected wounds. J Roy Soc Med 283–285</ref> </div>

	== Clinical indications of piccha basti: ==		== Clinical indications of piccha basti: ==

Agnivesha at 13:52, 29 December 2022

2022-12-29T13:52:28Z

Agnivesha at 12:58, 29 December 2022

2022-12-29T12:58:48Z

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	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Chronic diarrhoea is a feature of malabsorption, excessively rapid entry of chyme into the small or large intestine generates propulsive motor patterns leading to accelerated transit. Inflammation is associated with decreased mixing motor patterns, but increased propulsive motility including high amplitude propagated contractions.<ref name="ref5">Spiller R. Role of motility in chronic diarrhoea. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2006 Dec;18(12):1045-55</ref> Hence treatment of inflammation and correcting the excessive abnormal peristalsis is the treatment principle in certain chronic diarrhoea mostly associated with irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn’s disease & ulcerative colitis. Contents in piccha basti have anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal properties. Moreover, basti treatment itself can set in the reverse peristaltic waves, which can slow down the high amplitude propagated contractions in the colon. Basti has direct access to the colon and rectum, thus drugs used in basti can directly reach the site of inflammation or ulcers without any alteration due to gastric contents. The small intestine is the excretory organ for the pitta & colon for vata in natural course. But diseases associated with the intestine can hamper the pitta and vata excretion. Pitta is excreted through small intestine by virechana therapy and vata from colon by basti. This brings dosha from shakha and marma to koshtha. Thus inflammation to these organs makes the patient ineligible for panchakarma therapy. Koshtha has to be capable of excreting dosha. Thus, it is inevitable to treat and heal the gut (koshtha) on priority either by drug or by basti treatment. </div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>Chronic diarrhoea is a feature of malabsorption, excessively rapid entry of chyme into the small or large intestine generates propulsive motor patterns leading to accelerated transit. Inflammation is associated with decreased mixing motor patterns, but increased propulsive motility including high amplitude propagated contractions.<ref name="ref5">Spiller R. Role of motility in chronic diarrhoea. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2006 Dec;18(12):1045-55</ref> Hence treatment of inflammation and correcting the excessive abnormal peristalsis is the treatment principle in certain chronic diarrhoea mostly associated with irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn’s disease & ulcerative colitis. Contents in piccha basti have anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal properties. Moreover, basti treatment itself can set in the reverse peristaltic waves, which can slow down the high amplitude propagated contractions in the colon. Basti has direct access to the colon and rectum, thus drugs used in basti can directly reach the site of inflammation or ulcers without any alteration due to gastric contents. The small intestine is the excretory organ for the pitta & colon for vata in natural course. But diseases associated with the intestine can hamper the pitta and vata excretion. Pitta is excreted through small intestine by virechana therapy and vata from colon by basti. This brings dosha from shakha and marma to koshtha. Thus inflammation to these organs makes the patient ineligible for panchakarma therapy. Koshtha has to be capable of excreting dosha. Thus, it is inevitable to treat and heal the gut (koshtha) on priority either by drug or by basti treatment. </div>

			== Properties of commonly used drugs in piccha basti: ==
			<div style='text-align:justify;'>Shalmali i.e. Salmalia malabarica (DC.) Schott & Endl is the primary and common ingredient in all the classical formulations of piccha basti. This herb is included in purishavirajaniya, shonitasthapana, vedanasthapana kashaya. [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 4/46-50] Gum resin and stem of shalmali both are used to prepare piccha basti. It has antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic and analgesic properties.<ref name="ref6">https://www.easyayurveda.com/2012/10/03/shalmali-silk-cotton-tree-ayurveda-use-formulations-home-remedies/ cited on 1.10.2022</ref> It has specific activities such as anti-HIV activity & anti-Helicobacter pylori activity.<ref name="ref7">Sarita Karole*, Dr. Greindra Gautam, Dr. Shailsh Gupta, Pharmacognostic And Pharmacological Profile Of Bombax Ceiba, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 2017, 6(3): 16-27</ref> <br/>Tannins and gallic acids present in mocharasa acts as astringents which precipitate proteins that are helpful in restoring the damaged epithelial mucosal lining of the ulcerated mucosa.<ref name="ref8">Jagtap AG, Niphadkar PV, Phadke AS. Protective effect of aqueous extract of Bombax malabaricum DC on experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease in rats and mice. Indian J Exp Biol 2011;49:343-51</ref> A gum resin rich in starch contents, mocharasa forms a mucilaginous layer that protects the inflamed and damaged intestinal mucosa. <br/>Nyagrodha (Ficus bengalensis Linn.), Udumbara (Ficus racemosa Linn.), and Ashwattha (Ficus religiosa Linn.) are used in piccha basti formulation. These are contents of panchavalkala with wound healing properties.<ref name="ref9">Dhurve, V., & Dudhamal, T. (2020, September 29). Wound healing potential of three forms of Panchavalkala in post-operative fistula wounds- Case Series. International Journal of AYUSH Case Reports, 4(3), 189-197.</ref> It also possesses antimicrobial and anticancer properties.<ref name="ref10">Aphale S, Pandita S, Raina P, Mishra J N, Kaul-Ghanekar R. Phytochemical standardization of panchavalkala: An ayurvedic formulation and evaluation of its anticancer activity in cervical cancer cell lines. Phcog Mag 2018;14:554-60</ref> Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia L.), chandana (Santalum album L.), utpala (Nymphaea stellata Willd), madhuka (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.) used in piccha basti are cold in nature and pacify pitta dosha, which is vital for the reduction of inflammation. Badara (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk)<ref name="ref11">https://www.iafaforallergy.com/herbs-a-to-z/badara-ziziphus-jujuba/ cited on 25.09.2022</ref>, nagabala (Sida Veronicaefolia)<ref name="ref12">https://www.easyayurveda.com/2012/10/03/nagabala-full-ayurvedic-details-usage-health-benefits-formulation/#properties cited on 25.09.2022</ref>, shleshmataka<ref name="ref13"> https://www.easyayurveda.com/2016/12/21/lasoda-cordia-dichotoma-shleshmataka/ cited on 25.09.2022</ref> (Cordia dichotoma G.Forsk.) are also helpful for pacifying pitta dosha and checking to bleed. Rakta basti (enema with fresh blood) is beneficial formulation that significantly improves hemoglobin level.<ref name="ref14">Abhijit Dinkarrao Shekhar, Role of Raktabasti In Pandu (Mycrocytic Hypocromic Anemia), World Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Medical Research, 2017,3(5), 146-151</ref> The use of rakta in basti formulation may be useful to overcome the anemia caused by blood loss through the colonic bleeding. Due to antibacterial and healing properties, pichha basti can be well deployed in fissure in ano. Piccha basti probably removes the accumulated secretions in the fissure bed, promotes healing and reduces secondary infection too. <br/>Honey and ghee together relieve the wound's warmth showing anti-inflammatory actions.<ref name="ref15">Charde MS, Fulzele SV, Satturwar PM, et al. Wound healing and anti-inflammatory potential of madhu-ghrita. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2006;68:26–31.</ref> Ghrita is a well-known remedy for vitiated pitta. Research has proven the wound-healing potential<ref name="ref16">Subrahmanyam M. Topical application of honey for burn wound treatment – an overview. Ann Burns Fire Disasters. 2007;20:137–140.</ref> of honey and its inhibitory effect on most strains of pathogenic bacteria. Also, the increase in resistant bacterial species has stressed using natural antibacterial agents.<ref name="ref17">Cooper RA, Molan PC, Harding KG (1999) Antibacterial activity of honey against strains of Staphylococcus aureus from infected wounds. J Roy Soc Med 283–285</ref> </div>

			== Clinical indications of piccha basti: ==
			<ol><li>Ulcerative colitis</li>
			<li>Irritable bowel syndrome</li>
			<li>Crohn’s disease</li>
			<li>Chronic diarrhoea</li>
			<li>Colorectal cancer</li>
			<li>Bleeding piles</li>
			<li>Celiac disease</li>
			<li>Dysentery</li>
			<li>Drug induced colitis</li>
			<li>Enteropathic arthritis</li>
			<li>Fissure in ano</li></ol>

			== Further reading: ==
			Following research works have been done to study effect of piccha basti as treatment modality.
			<ol style='text-align:justify;'><li>Sharma P, Kajaria D. Efficacy of Piccha Basti and immune enhancer medicines in the management of ulcerative colitis. Indian Journal of Ayurveda integrative Medicine 2022; 3:41-6</li>
			<li>Daberao, M. Role Of Piccha Basti In The Management Of Celiac Disease W.S.R To Grahani: A Review. IJ-RIM 2020, 4.</li>
			<li>Sankal, Gurdipsingh and Behera (2018): Clinical Study on role of Piccna Basti in management of chronic colitis. Journal of Ayurveda Physicians and Surgeons July 2018 Volume 5(3) : 77</li>
			<li>Dabas R, Gupta S, Kar AC. Picchabasti and Nilotpaladi yoga in the management of Ulcerative colitis. J AyuCaRe 2017;1(2): 10-15</li>
			<li>Lovekrishna Pal Singh Rathore and Lakshman Singh, World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2021, 10(13): 1290-1296</li>
			<li>Bhausaheb A. Patange, Clinical Efficacy Of Piccha Basti Inparikartika (Fissure-In-Ano), Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ), 2019, 6(12): 38-43</li>
			<li>Dr. Aparna K., & Dr. Ananta S Desai. (2020). Ayurvedic management of Enteropathic arthritis : A Case Study. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences, 5(05), 501-504.</li>
			<li>Pankaj Kumar, Sumit Kumar, Ragini Kumari, & Vijay Bahadur Singh. (2022). Ayurvedic Management of Ulcerative Colitis: A Case Study. International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research, 10(6), 45-48.</li>
			<li>Jha Shailesh Arunkumar, Pallavi A. Hegde, & M. M. Salimath. (2022). Lateral Fissure-In-Ano - A Case Study. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences, 6(6), 291 - 295.</li>
			<li>Varsakiya JN, Goyal M, Kathad D, Kumari R. Efficacy of Ayurveda modalities in the management Raktaja pravahika (ulcerative colitis): A case report. J Ayurveda Case Rep 2021;4:115-20</li></ol>

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Agnivesha at 12:38, 29 December 2022

2022-12-29T12:38:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:38, 29 December 2022
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	== Etymology and derivation ==		== Etymology and derivation ==
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Piccha basti formulation has sticky or slimy (picchila) properties. The word 'piccha’ is derived from picchila (पिच्छिल) that means slimy touch, gummy, sticky, sliminess. Hence the basti formulation having such properties is called ‘Piccha basti’.		<div style='text-align:justify;'>Piccha basti formulation has sticky or slimy (picchila) properties. The word 'piccha’ is derived from picchila (पिच्छिल) that means slimy touch, gummy, sticky, sliminess<ref name="ref1"> https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/picchila cited on 27.09.22</ref>. Hence the basti formulation having such properties is called ‘Piccha basti’.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+ Table 1. Specific indications of piccha basti:		\|+ Table 1. Specific indications of piccha basti:
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	=== 1. Piccha basti formulation 1: ===		=== 1. Piccha basti formulation 1: ===
	Following ingredients are used as homogenous mixture for piccha basti:		Following ingredients are used as homogenous mixture for piccha basti:
	<ul><li>Two prastha (1536 ml) processed milk decoction (kshira Kashaya) made from Yavasa (Alhagi camelorum Fisch.), Kusha (Imperata cylindrical Beauv.), Kasha (Saccharum spontaneum Linn.), flowers of Semul (Bombax ceiba L), and adventitious roots of Nyagrodha (Ficus bengalensis Linn.), Udumbara (Ficus racemosa Linn.), and Ashwattha (Ficus religiosa Linn.) 2 pala i.e. 96 gm each) </li>		<ul style='text-align:justify;'><li>Two prastha (1536 ml) processed milk decoction (kshira Kashaya) made from Yavasa (Alhagi camelorum Fisch.), Kusha (Imperata cylindrical Beauv.), Kasha (Saccharum spontaneum Linn.), flowers of Semul (Bombax ceiba L), and adventitious roots of Nyagrodha (Ficus bengalensis Linn.), Udumbara (Ficus racemosa Linn.), and Ashwattha (Ficus religiosa Linn.) 2 pala i.e. 96 gm each) </li>
	<li>Paste of the resin from Shalmali (mocharasa, Bombax ceiba L), Majishtha (Rubia cordifolia L.), Chandana (Santalum album L.), Utpala (Nymphaea stellata Willd), seeds of Kutaja (Holorrhena antidysenterica Wall.), Priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl.) and Padmakeshar (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) </li>		<li>Paste of the resin from Shalmali (mocharasa, Bombax ceiba L), Majishtha (Rubia cordifolia L.), Chandana (Santalum album L.), Utpala (Nymphaea stellata Willd), seeds of Kutaja (Holorrhena antidysenterica Wall.), Priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl.) and Padmakeshar (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) </li>
	<li>Ghee, honey, and sugar. [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 14/ 225-229]</li></ul>		<li>Ghee, honey, and sugar. [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 14/ 225-229]</li></ul>

	=== 2. Piccha basti formulation 2: ===		=== 2. Piccha basti formulation 2: ===
	<ul><li>One pala (48 gm) paste of green stalks of Shalmali (Bombax ceiba L) prepared by putapaka method mixed with one prastha (768 gm) of boiled milk </li>		<div style='text-align:justify;'><ul><li>One pala (48 gm) paste of green stalks of Shalmali (Bombax ceiba L) prepared by putapaka method mixed with one prastha (768 gm) of boiled milk </li>
	<li>Oil, ghee</li>		<li>Oil, ghee</li>
	<li>Paste of madhuka (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.)</li></ul>		<li>Paste of madhuka (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.)</li></ul>
	'''Specific indications:''' Pitta dominant diarrhea, fever, edema, gulma (abdominal lumps), chronic diarrhea, grahani (digestive disorders), and the acute complications of purgation and asthapana basti. [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 19/ 64-68]		'''Specific indications:''' Pitta dominant diarrhea, fever, edema, gulma (abdominal lumps), chronic diarrhea, grahani (digestive disorders), and the acute complications of purgation and asthapana basti. [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 19/ 64-68] </div>

			=== 3. Piccha basti formulation 3: ===
			<div style='text-align:justify;'>Twenty four pala (1152 ml) processed milk decoction (kshira Kashaya) made from 3 pala (144 gm) of certain drugs?? [Badara (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk), nagabala (Sida Veroni caefolia), shleshmataka (Cordia dichotoma G.Forsk.), shalmali (Bombax ceiba L), dhanvana (Coriandrum sativum L.) ankura all in equal quantity] + 4 pala (192gm) of honey+ 4 pala (192 ml) of fresh blood </div>

			== Dose of piccha basti: ==
			1536 ml (32 pala) [Dalhana]<ref name="ref2">Dalhana on Sushrut Samhita Chikitsasthana 38/ 85-86, https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read, cited on 1.10.2022</ref> <br/>576 ml (12 pala) [Sharangadhara]* <br/>*However, this particular dose seems specific for the piccha basti having fresh blood as an ingredient. [Su. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 38/ 85-86]

			== Practical application of piccha basti: ==
			<div style='text-align:justify;'>In current practices, few practitioners use disease-specific sneha (unctuous formulation) like shatadhauta ghrita, changeryadi ghrita, nalapamaradi keram instead of plain cow ghee etc.<ref name="ref3">L. Mahadevan, Ayurvedic clinical practice, Dr. Y Mahadeva iyyar’s Sri Sarada Ayurvedic hospital, 1st edition, 2010; 1: 55</ref> Some researchers have used durva kalka (paste of scutch grass -Cynodon dactylon) and jatyadi taila in piccha basti. <ref name="ref4">Sharma P, Kajaria D. Efficacy of Piccha Basti and immune enhancer medicines in the management of ulcerative colitis. Indian Journal of Ayurveda integrative Medicine 2022; 3:41-6</ref> <br/>The widely used formulation of piccha basti and its dose is as below:
			<ul><li>Honey -200 ml</li>
			<li>Saindhava- 12 gm</li>
			<li>Goghrita/ Jatyadi Ghrita/ Nalpamaradi Keram (based on condition)- 100 ml</li>
			<li>The paste of the resin from Shalmali (mocharas, Bombax ceiba L) & madhuka (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.- 30 gm</li>
			<li>Shalmali and Mustadi siddha kshira (milk)- 200 ml</li></ul></div>

			=== General guidelines: ===
			<div style='text-align:justify;'>Asthapana basti is contraindicated in diarrhea with ama (amatisara). It is indicated in diarrhea without ama (nirama atisara). Hence in cases of chronic diarrhea and where there is no relation of ama, piccha basti can be utilized ideally. [Cha.Sa. Siddhi Sthana 1/ 14-16] Piccha basti may be given in any of the schedules of basti therapy or as per the state of dosha (avastha) combined with suitable anuvasana basti.</div>

			== Mode of action of piccha basti: ==
			<div style='text-align:justify;'>Chronic diarrhoea is a feature of malabsorption, excessively rapid entry of chyme into the small or large intestine generates propulsive motor patterns leading to accelerated transit. Inflammation is associated with decreased mixing motor patterns, but increased propulsive motility including high amplitude propagated contractions.<ref name="ref5">Spiller R. Role of motility in chronic diarrhoea. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2006 Dec;18(12):1045-55</ref> Hence treatment of inflammation and correcting the excessive abnormal peristalsis is the treatment principle in certain chronic diarrhoea mostly associated with irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn’s disease & ulcerative colitis. Contents in piccha basti have anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal properties. Moreover, basti treatment itself can set in the reverse peristaltic waves, which can slow down the high amplitude propagated contractions in the colon. Basti has direct access to the colon and rectum, thus drugs used in basti can directly reach the site of inflammation or ulcers without any alteration due to gastric contents. The small intestine is the excretory organ for the pitta & colon for vata in natural course. But diseases associated with the intestine can hamper the pitta and vata excretion. Pitta is excreted through small intestine by virechana therapy and vata from colon by basti. This brings dosha from shakha and marma to koshtha. Thus inflammation to these organs makes the patient ineligible for panchakarma therapy. Koshtha has to be capable of excreting dosha. Thus, it is inevitable to treat and heal the gut (koshtha) on priority either by drug or by basti treatment. </div>

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	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Piccha basti is a classical therapeutic enema with decoction (niruha basti). It is indicated explicitly in colorectal disorders like dysentery, bleeding, colitis. It is also helpful in the management of specific complications of niruha basti. This formulation has styptic (sangrahi), healing (ropana), and hemostatic (shonitasthapana) properties. </div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>Piccha basti is a classical therapeutic [[Basti\|enema]] with decoction (niruha basti). It is indicated explicitly in colorectal disorders like dysentery, bleeding, colitis. It is also helpful in the management of specific complications of niruha basti. This formulation has styptic (sangrahi), healing (ropana), and hemostatic (shonitasthapana) properties. </div>

	{{Infobox		{{Infobox
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	\|-		\|-
	\| style="text-align:center;" \| 2.		\| style="text-align:center;" \| 2.
	\| In management of diarrhoea (atisara)		\| In management of [[Atisara Chikitsa\|diarrhoea (atisara)]]
	\| Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 19/ 63		\| Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 19/ 63
	\|-		\|-
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	\|-		\|-
	\| style="text-align:center;" \| 4.		\| style="text-align:center;" \| 4.
	\| In the management of obstructed Vata and kapha in the gastrointestinal tract (mahasrotas), <br/>excessive evacuation of kapha (mucus) with colic pain		\| In the management of obstructed [[Vata dosha\|Vata]] and [[Kapha dosha\|kapha]] in the gastrointestinal tract (mahasrotas), <br/>excessive evacuation of [[Kapha dosha\|kapha]] (mucus) with colic pain
	\| Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 19/ 117		\| Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 19/ 117
	\|-		\|-
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	=== 1. Piccha basti formulation 1: ===		=== 1. Piccha basti formulation 1: ===
	Following ingredients are used as homogenous mixture for piccha basti:		Following ingredients are used as homogenous mixture for piccha basti:
	<ul style='text-align:justify;'><li>Two prastha (1536 ml) processed milk decoction (kshira Kashaya) made from Yavasa (Alhagi camelorum Fisch.), Kusha (Imperata cylindrical Beauv.), Kasha (Saccharum spontaneum Linn.), flowers of Semul (Bombax ceiba L), and adventitious roots of Nyagrodha (Ficus bengalensis Linn.), Udumbara (Ficus racemosa Linn.), and Ashwattha (Ficus religiosa Linn.) 2 pala i.e. 96 gm each) </li>		<ul style='text-align:justify;'><li>Two prastha (1536 ml) processed milk decoction (kshira [[Kashaya\|Kashaya]]) made from Yavasa (Alhagi camelorum Fisch.), Kusha (Imperata cylindrical Beauv.), Kasha (Saccharum spontaneum Linn.), flowers of Semul (Bombax ceiba L), and adventitious roots of Nyagrodha (Ficus bengalensis Linn.), Udumbara (Ficus racemosa Linn.), and Ashwattha (Ficus religiosa Linn.) 2 pala i.e. 96 gm each) </li>
	<li>Paste of the resin from Shalmali (mocharasa, Bombax ceiba L), Majishtha (Rubia cordifolia L.), Chandana (Santalum album L.), Utpala (Nymphaea stellata Willd), seeds of Kutaja (Holorrhena antidysenterica Wall.), Priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl.) and Padmakeshar (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) </li>		<li>Paste of the resin from Shalmali (mocharasa, Bombax ceiba L), Majishtha (Rubia cordifolia L.), [[Chandana\|Chandana (Santalum album L.)]], Utpala (Nymphaea stellata Willd), seeds of [[Kutaja\|Kutaja (Holorrhena antidysenterica Wall.)]], Priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl.) and Padmakeshar (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) </li>
	<li>Ghee, honey, and sugar. [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 14/ 225-229]</li></ul>		<li>[[Ghee\|Ghee]], honey, and sugar. [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 14/ 225-229]</li></ul>

	=== 2. Piccha basti formulation 2: ===		=== 2. Piccha basti formulation 2: ===
	<div style='text-align:justify;'><ul><li>One pala (48 gm) paste of green stalks of Shalmali (Bombax ceiba L) prepared by putapaka method mixed with one prastha (768 gm) of boiled milk </li>		<div style='text-align:justify;'><ul><li>One pala (48 gm) paste of green stalks of Shalmali (Bombax ceiba L) prepared by putapaka method mixed with one prastha (768 gm) of boiled milk </li>
	<li>Oil, ghee</li>		<li>Oil, [[Ghee\|ghee]]</li>
	<li>Paste of madhuka (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.)</li></ul>		<li>Paste of madhuka (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.)</li></ul>
	'''Specific indications:''' Pitta dominant diarrhea, fever, edema, gulma (abdominal lumps), chronic diarrhea, grahani (digestive disorders), and the acute complications of purgation and asthapana basti. [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 19/ 64-68] </div>		'''Specific indications:''' Pitta dominant diarrhea, [[Jwara\|fever]], edema, [[Gulma Nidana\|gulma (abdominal lumps)]], chronic diarrhea, [[Grahani Chikitsa\|grahani (digestive disorders)]], and the acute complications of purgation and [[Asthapana basti\|asthapana basti]]. [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 19/ 64-68] </div>

	=== 3. Piccha basti formulation 3: ===		=== 3. Piccha basti formulation 3: ===
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Twenty four pala (1152 ml) processed milk decoction (kshira Kashaya) made from 3 pala (144 gm) of certain drugs?? [Badara (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk), nagabala (Sida Veroni caefolia), shleshmataka (Cordia dichotoma G.Forsk.), shalmali (Bombax ceiba L), dhanvana (Coriandrum sativum L.) ankura all in equal quantity] + 4 pala (192gm) of honey+ 4 pala (192 ml) of fresh blood </div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>Twenty four pala (1152 ml) processed milk decoction (kshira Kashaya) made from 3 pala (144 gm) of certain drugs?? [Badara (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk), nagabala (Sida Veroni caefolia), shleshmataka (Cordia dichotoma G.Forsk.), shalmali (Bombax ceiba L), dhanvana (Coriandrum sativum L.) ankura all in equal quantity] + 4 pala (192gm) of honey + 4 pala (192 ml) of fresh blood </div>

	== Dose of piccha basti: ==		== Dose of piccha basti: ==
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	== Practical application of piccha basti: ==		== Practical application of piccha basti: ==
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>In current practices, few practitioners use disease-specific sneha (unctuous formulation) like shatadhauta ghrita, changeryadi ghrita, nalapamaradi keram instead of plain cow ghee etc.<ref name="ref3">L. Mahadevan, Ayurvedic clinical practice, Dr. Y Mahadeva iyyar’s Sri Sarada Ayurvedic hospital, 1st edition, 2010; 1: 55</ref> Some researchers have used durva kalka (paste of scutch grass -Cynodon dactylon) and jatyadi taila in piccha basti. <ref name="ref4">Sharma P, Kajaria D. Efficacy of Piccha Basti and immune enhancer medicines in the management of ulcerative colitis. Indian Journal of Ayurveda integrative Medicine 2022; 3:41-6</ref> <br/>The widely used formulation of piccha basti and its dose is as below:		<div style='text-align:justify;'>In current practices, few practitioners use disease-specific [[Snehana (unction therapy)\|sneha]] (unctuous formulation) like shatadhauta ghrita, changeryadi ghrita, nalapamaradi keram instead of plain cow [[Ghee\|ghee]] etc.<ref name="ref3">L. Mahadevan, Ayurvedic clinical practice, Dr. Y Mahadeva iyyar’s Sri Sarada Ayurvedic hospital, 1st edition, 2010; 1: 55</ref> Some researchers have used durva kalka (paste of scutch grass -Cynodon dactylon) and jatyadi taila in piccha basti. <ref name="ref4">Sharma P, Kajaria D. Efficacy of Piccha Basti and immune enhancer medicines in the management of ulcerative colitis. Indian Journal of Ayurveda integrative Medicine 2022; 3:41-6</ref> <br/>The widely used formulation of piccha basti and its dose is as below:
	<ul><li>Honey -200 ml</li>		<ul><li>Honey -200 ml</li>
	<li>Saindhava- 12 gm</li>		<li>Saindhava- 12 gm</li>
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	=== General guidelines: ===		=== General guidelines: ===
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Asthapana basti is contraindicated in diarrhea with ama (amatisara). It is indicated in diarrhea without ama (nirama atisara). Hence in cases of chronic diarrhea and where there is no relation of ama, piccha basti can be utilized ideally. [Cha.Sa. Siddhi Sthana 1/ 14-16] Piccha basti may be given in any of the schedules of basti therapy or as per the state of dosha (avastha) combined with suitable anuvasana basti.</div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>[[Asthapana basti\|Asthapana basti]] is contraindicated in diarrhea with ama (amatisara). It is indicated in diarrhea without ama (nirama atisara). Hence in cases of chronic diarrhea and where there is no relation of ama, piccha basti can be utilized ideally. [Cha.Sa. Siddhi Sthana 1/ 14-16] Piccha basti may be given in any of the schedules of [[Basti\|basti]] therapy or as per the state of [[Dosha\|dosha]] (avastha) combined with suitable [[Anuvasana\|anuvasana]] basti.</div>

	== Mode of action of piccha basti: ==		== Mode of action of piccha basti: ==
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Chronic diarrhoea is a feature of malabsorption, excessively rapid entry of chyme into the small or large intestine generates propulsive motor patterns leading to accelerated transit. Inflammation is associated with decreased mixing motor patterns, but increased propulsive motility including high amplitude propagated contractions.<ref name="ref5">Spiller R. Role of motility in chronic diarrhoea. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2006 Dec;18(12):1045-55</ref> Hence treatment of inflammation and correcting the excessive abnormal peristalsis is the treatment principle in certain chronic diarrhoea mostly associated with irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn’s disease & ulcerative colitis. Contents in piccha basti have anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal properties. Moreover, basti treatment itself can set in the reverse peristaltic waves, which can slow down the high amplitude propagated contractions in the colon. Basti has direct access to the colon and rectum, thus drugs used in basti can directly reach the site of inflammation or ulcers without any alteration due to gastric contents. The small intestine is the excretory organ for the pitta & colon for vata in natural course. But diseases associated with the intestine can hamper the pitta and vata excretion. Pitta is excreted through small intestine by virechana therapy and vata from colon by basti. This brings dosha from shakha and marma to koshtha. Thus inflammation to these organs makes the patient ineligible for panchakarma therapy. Koshtha has to be capable of excreting dosha. Thus, it is inevitable to treat and heal the gut (koshtha) on priority either by drug or by basti treatment. </div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>Chronic diarrhoea is a feature of malabsorption, excessively rapid entry of chyme into the small or large intestine generates propulsive motor patterns leading to accelerated transit. Inflammation is associated with decreased mixing motor patterns, but increased propulsive motility including high amplitude propagated contractions.<ref name="ref5">Spiller R. Role of motility in chronic diarrhoea. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2006 Dec;18(12):1045-55</ref> Hence treatment of inflammation and correcting the excessive abnormal peristalsis is the treatment principle in certain chronic diarrhoea mostly associated with irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn’s [[Vyadhi\|disease]] & ulcerative colitis. Contents in piccha basti have anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal properties. Moreover, [[Basti\|basti]] treatment itself can set in the reverse peristaltic waves, which can slow down the high amplitude propagated contractions in the colon. [[Basti\|Basti]] has direct access to the colon and rectum, thus drugs used in [[Basti\|basti]] can directly reach the site of inflammation or ulcers without any alteration due to gastric contents. The small intestine is the excretory organ for the [[Pitta\|pitta]] & colon for [[Vata dosha\|vata]] in natural course. But [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] associated with the intestine can hamper the [[Pitta\|pitta]] and [[Vata dosha\|vata]] excretion. [[Pitta\|Pitta]] is excreted through small intestine by [[Virechana\|virechana]] therapy and [[Vata dosha\|vata]] from colon by [[Basti\|basti]]. This brings [[Dosha\|dosha]] from shakha and [[Marma\|marma]] to [[Koshtha\|koshtha]]. Thus inflammation to these organs makes the patient ineligible for [[Panchakarma\|panchakarma]] therapy. [[Koshtha\|Koshtha]] has to be capable of excreting [[Dosha\|dosha]]. Thus, it is inevitable to treat and heal the gut ([[Koshtha\|koshtha]]) on priority either by drug or by [[Basti\|basti]] treatment. </div>

	== Properties of commonly used drugs in piccha basti: ==		== Properties of commonly used drugs in piccha basti: ==