Apasmara Chikitsa - Revision history

Agnivesha: /* Effect of Brahmi Ghrita */

2025-09-10T06:58:50Z

Effect of Brahmi Ghrita

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:58, 10 September 2025
Line 1,926:		Line 1,926:
	=== Effect of Brahmi Ghrita ===		=== Effect of Brahmi Ghrita ===

	In a clinical study on depression, Brahmi ghrita has resulted in moderate improvement for 40% patients of depression and mild improvement for 55% patients, which is statistically significant at 1% level as compared to placebo.<ref>Deole, Yogesh S1,; Chandola, HM2. A Clinical Study on Effect of Brahmi Ghrita on Depression. AYU (An international quarterly journal of research in Ayurveda) 29(4):p 207-214, Oct–Dec 2008.</ref> In experimental animals, Brahmi ghrita showed mild hyperactivity in gross behaviour and dose dependent mild anxiolytic effect in open field behaviour and elevated plus maze test. Dose dependent variation in effect of Brahmi ghrita is observed in behaviour despair test, as it is mild stimulant at lower dose and depressant at higher dose. It showed significant potentiation of L-DOPA activity in comparison to water control, but the effect was insignificant in comparison to ghrita control.<ref>Deole, Yogesh S1,; Ashok, BK2; Shukla, Vinay3; Ravishankar, B4; Chandola, HM5. Psycho-Pharmacological study on Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Effect of Brahmi Ghrita. AYU (An international quarterly journal of research in Ayurveda) 29(2):p 77-83, Apr–Jun 2008.</ref> In another experimental study, Brahmi Ghrita is observed to enhance learning and memory as analogous to standard drug (piracetam) in normal rats.</ref> Yadav, Kapil Deo; Reddy, K. R. C.; Kumar, Vikas1. Beneficial effect of Brahmi Ghrita on learning and memory in normal rat. AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda) 35(3):p 325-329, Jul–Sep 2014. \| DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.153755<ref>		In a clinical study on depression, Brahmi ghrita has resulted in moderate improvement for 40% patients of depression and mild improvement for 55% patients, which is statistically significant at 1% level as compared to placebo.<ref>Deole, Yogesh S1,; Chandola, HM2. A Clinical Study on Effect of Brahmi Ghrita on Depression. AYU (An international quarterly journal of research in Ayurveda) 29(4):p 207-214, Oct–Dec 2008.</ref> In experimental animals, Brahmi ghrita showed mild hyperactivity in gross behaviour and dose dependent mild anxiolytic effect in open field behaviour and elevated plus maze test. Dose dependent variation in effect of Brahmi ghrita is observed in behaviour despair test, as it is mild stimulant at lower dose and depressant at higher dose. It showed significant potentiation of L-DOPA activity in comparison to water control, but the effect was insignificant in comparison to ghrita control.<ref>Deole, Yogesh S1,; Ashok, BK2; Shukla, Vinay3; Ravishankar, B4; Chandola, HM5. Psycho-Pharmacological study on Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Effect of Brahmi Ghrita. AYU (An international quarterly journal of research in Ayurveda) 29(2):p 77-83, Apr–Jun 2008.</ref> In another experimental study, Brahmi Ghrita is observed to enhance learning and memory as analogous to standard drug (piracetam) in normal rats.<ref> Yadav, Kapil Deo; Reddy, K. R. C.; Kumar, Vikas1. Beneficial effect of Brahmi Ghrita on learning and memory in normal rat. AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda) 35(3):p 325-329, Jul–Sep 2014. \| DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.153755</ref>

	=== Related Chapter ===		=== Related Chapter ===

Agnivesha: /* Effect of Brahmi Ghrita */

2025-09-10T06:58:07Z

Effect of Brahmi Ghrita

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:58, 10 September 2025
Line 1,926:		Line 1,926:
	=== Effect of Brahmi Ghrita ===		=== Effect of Brahmi Ghrita ===

	In a clinical study on depression, Brahmi ghrita has resulted in moderate improvement for 40% patients of depression and mild improvement for 55% patients, which is statistically significant at 1% level as compared to placebo.<ref>Deole, Yogesh S1,; Chandola, HM2. A Clinical Study on Effect of Brahmi Ghrita on Depression. AYU (An international quarterly journal of research in Ayurveda) 29(4):p 207-214, Oct–Dec 2008.</ref> In experimental animals, Brahmi ghrita showed mild hyperactivity in gross behaviour and dose dependent mild anxiolytic effect in open field behaviour and elevated plus maze test. Dose dependent variation in effect of Brahmi ghrita is observed in behaviour despair test, as it is mild stimulant at lower dose and depressant at higher dose. It showed significant potentiation of L-DOPA activity in comparison to water control, but the effect was insignificant in comparison to ghrita control.<ref>Deole, Yogesh S1,; Ashok, BK2; Shukla, Vinay3; Ravishankar, B4; Chandola, HM5. Psycho-Pharmacological study on Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Effect of Brahmi Ghrita. AYU (An international quarterly journal of research in Ayurveda) 29(2):p 77-83, Apr–Jun 2008.</ref>		In a clinical study on depression, Brahmi ghrita has resulted in moderate improvement for 40% patients of depression and mild improvement for 55% patients, which is statistically significant at 1% level as compared to placebo.<ref>Deole, Yogesh S1,; Chandola, HM2. A Clinical Study on Effect of Brahmi Ghrita on Depression. AYU (An international quarterly journal of research in Ayurveda) 29(4):p 207-214, Oct–Dec 2008.</ref> In experimental animals, Brahmi ghrita showed mild hyperactivity in gross behaviour and dose dependent mild anxiolytic effect in open field behaviour and elevated plus maze test. Dose dependent variation in effect of Brahmi ghrita is observed in behaviour despair test, as it is mild stimulant at lower dose and depressant at higher dose. It showed significant potentiation of L-DOPA activity in comparison to water control, but the effect was insignificant in comparison to ghrita control.<ref>Deole, Yogesh S1,; Ashok, BK2; Shukla, Vinay3; Ravishankar, B4; Chandola, HM5. Psycho-Pharmacological study on Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Effect of Brahmi Ghrita. AYU (An international quarterly journal of research in Ayurveda) 29(2):p 77-83, Apr–Jun 2008.</ref> In another experimental study, Brahmi Ghrita is observed to enhance learning and memory as analogous to standard drug (piracetam) in normal rats.</ref> Yadav, Kapil Deo; Reddy, K. R. C.; Kumar, Vikas1. Beneficial effect of Brahmi Ghrita on learning and memory in normal rat. AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda) 35(3):p 325-329, Jul–Sep 2014. \| DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.153755<ref>

	=== Related Chapter ===		=== Related Chapter ===

Agnivesha: /* Researches on Apasmara */

2025-09-10T06:54:19Z

Researches on Apasmara

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:54, 10 September 2025
Line 1,924:		Line 1,924:
	Total 34 diagnosed patients of apasmara fulfilling the inclusion criteria and willing to register for study were enrolled for this study for the duration of 2 months. Assessment was done before and after the study period the clinical features of epilepsy by International League against Epilepsy (ILAE), patients were screened and selected according to the diagnostic criteria and a single group study was conducted. They were administered [[nasya]] with [[shatavari]] taila for seven days and later subjected to [[shamana]] therapy by [[brahmi]] ghrita. The patients were analysed after nasya at the end of seven days and later on every consecutive 15th day, for a period of two months. Frequency of the attacks were reduced after seven days of [[nasya]]. Consequently, improvements were observed in the complaints of loss of consciousness, where 93.3% reported them before treatment and after [[nasya]] it was found to be just 3.3% of the patient and later after the [[shamana]] treatment, it was found to have reduced in 76% of the patient. Convulsive movements were reported by 96% of the patient, which at the end of total therapy was found to reduce to 16.7%. Fall, epileptic cry, frothing from mouth and chattering of teeth were significantly (p < 0.001) reduced by the end of follow up period of 2 months. Similar observations were made in case of duration and severity of attacks. Epilepsy (apasmara) is an extensively researched disease and its management has just reached a stage where only seizures can be controlled. Some difficulties arise, in terms of the route of drug administration during the active state of convulsion where the conventional routes are difficult to access or inaccessible. Hence in this study, an easier route of administration i.e., nasal route was explored, for providing management with better outcome, for epilepsy. <ref>Sharmitesh R Tripathi, Savitha HP, Suhas Kumar Shetty. Efficacy of Shatavari taila Nasya and Brahmi gritha in the management of Apasmara. J Pharm Sci Innov. 2016;5(6), 181-18.</ref>		Total 34 diagnosed patients of apasmara fulfilling the inclusion criteria and willing to register for study were enrolled for this study for the duration of 2 months. Assessment was done before and after the study period the clinical features of epilepsy by International League against Epilepsy (ILAE), patients were screened and selected according to the diagnostic criteria and a single group study was conducted. They were administered [[nasya]] with [[shatavari]] taila for seven days and later subjected to [[shamana]] therapy by [[brahmi]] ghrita. The patients were analysed after nasya at the end of seven days and later on every consecutive 15th day, for a period of two months. Frequency of the attacks were reduced after seven days of [[nasya]]. Consequently, improvements were observed in the complaints of loss of consciousness, where 93.3% reported them before treatment and after [[nasya]] it was found to be just 3.3% of the patient and later after the [[shamana]] treatment, it was found to have reduced in 76% of the patient. Convulsive movements were reported by 96% of the patient, which at the end of total therapy was found to reduce to 16.7%. Fall, epileptic cry, frothing from mouth and chattering of teeth were significantly (p < 0.001) reduced by the end of follow up period of 2 months. Similar observations were made in case of duration and severity of attacks. Epilepsy (apasmara) is an extensively researched disease and its management has just reached a stage where only seizures can be controlled. Some difficulties arise, in terms of the route of drug administration during the active state of convulsion where the conventional routes are difficult to access or inaccessible. Hence in this study, an easier route of administration i.e., nasal route was explored, for providing management with better outcome, for epilepsy. <ref>Sharmitesh R Tripathi, Savitha HP, Suhas Kumar Shetty. Efficacy of Shatavari taila Nasya and Brahmi gritha in the management of Apasmara. J Pharm Sci Innov. 2016;5(6), 181-18.</ref>

			=== Effect of Brahmi Ghrita ===

			In a clinical study on depression, Brahmi ghrita has resulted in moderate improvement for 40% patients of depression and mild improvement for 55% patients, which is statistically significant at 1% level as compared to placebo.<ref>Deole, Yogesh S1,; Chandola, HM2. A Clinical Study on Effect of Brahmi Ghrita on Depression. AYU (An international quarterly journal of research in Ayurveda) 29(4):p 207-214, Oct–Dec 2008.</ref> In experimental animals, Brahmi ghrita showed mild hyperactivity in gross behaviour and dose dependent mild anxiolytic effect in open field behaviour and elevated plus maze test. Dose dependent variation in effect of Brahmi ghrita is observed in behaviour despair test, as it is mild stimulant at lower dose and depressant at higher dose. It showed significant potentiation of L-DOPA activity in comparison to water control, but the effect was insignificant in comparison to ghrita control.<ref>Deole, Yogesh S1,; Ashok, BK2; Shukla, Vinay3; Ravishankar, B4; Chandola, HM5. Psycho-Pharmacological study on Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Effect of Brahmi Ghrita. AYU (An international quarterly journal of research in Ayurveda) 29(2):p 77-83, Apr–Jun 2008.</ref>

	=== Related Chapter ===		=== Related Chapter ===

	[[Apasmara Nidana]],[[Manas]], [[Aatma]], [[Smriti]], [[Indriya]], [[Psychiatric diseases‎‎]], [[Neurological diseases]]		[[Apasmara Nidana]],[[Manas]], [[Aatma]], [[Smriti]], [[Indriya]], [[Psychiatric diseases‎‎]], [[Neurological diseases]], [[Manovaha srotas]]

	<big>'''[[Special:ContactMe\|Send us your suggestions and feedback on this page.]]'''</big>		<big>'''[[Special:ContactMe\|Send us your suggestions and feedback on this page.]]'''</big>

Agnivesha at 10:15, 23 February 2024

2024-02-23T10:15:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:15, 23 February 2024
Line 23:		Line 23:
	\|data5 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]		\|data5 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]
	\|label6 = Translator and commentator		\|label6 = Translator and commentator
	\|data6 = Deole Y. S.		\|data6 = [[Yogesh Deole\|Deole Y. S.]]
	\|label7 = Reviewer		\|label7 = Reviewer
	\|data7 = Bhagwat M., Tripathi J.S.		\|data7 = Bhagwat M., Tripathi J.S.
	\|label8 = Editors		\|label8 = Editors
	\|data8 = Baghel M.S., Deole Y.S., Basisht G.		\|data8 = Baghel M.S., [[Yogesh Deole\|Deole Y.S.]], [[Gopal Basisht\|Basisht G.]]
	\|label9 = Year of publication		\|label9 = Year of publication
	\|data9 = 2020		\|data9 = 2020

Agnivesha at 07:26, 13 December 2023

2023-12-13T07:26:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:26, 13 December 2023
Line 3:		Line 3:
	\|title=Apasmara Chikitsa		\|title=Apasmara Chikitsa
	\|titlemode=append		\|titlemode=append
	\|keywords=Apasmara, memory, consciousness, epilepsy, atattvabhinivesha, unmada,seizure disorders, ayurveda, psychiatry, Ayurveda, charak samhita, Indian system of medicine.		\|keywords=Apasmara, memory, consciousness, epilepsy, atattvabhinivesha, unmada,seizure disorders, ayurveda, psychiatry, Ayurveda, charak samhita, Indian system of medicine, caraka samhita, stress, Deole y.s., Basisht G., management of fits, convulsions, alternative medicine, complementary medicine, brahmi ghrita, panchagavya ghrita, purana ghrita, ghee, memory disorders, consciousness, psychiatric disorders
	\|description=Chikitsa Sthana Chapter 10. Management of Apasmara (Epilepsy and other disorders)		\|description=Chikitsa Sthana Chapter 10. Management of Apasmara (Epilepsy and other disorders)
	\|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg		\|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

Agnivesha: /* Related Chapter */

2023-12-13T07:23:41Z

Related Chapter

@@ Line 1,900: / Line 1,900: @@
 | ''Apasmara''
 |}
 === Related Chapter ===
-* [[Apasmara Nidana]]
+[[Apasmara Nidana]],[[Manas]], [[Aatma]], [[Smriti]], [[Indriya]], [[Psychiatric diseases‎‎]], [[Neurological diseases]]
 <big>'''[[Special:ContactMe|Send us your suggestions and feedback on this page.]]'''</big>

Agnivesha: /* Relation between diet, dosha specificity and apasmara */

2023-12-13T06:57:01Z

Relation between diet, dosha specificity and apasmara

Agnivesha at 12:18, 6 March 2023

2023-03-06T12:18:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:18, 6 March 2023
Line 38:		Line 38:
	<big>'''Abstract</big>'''		<big>'''Abstract</big>'''
	<p style='text-align:justify;'>The tenth chapter deals with specific features of types of ''apasmara'' and its management. In continuation with the earlier explanation about causative factors, patho-physiology and clinical features have been described in [[Apasmara Nidana]], with another definition provided here in this chapter in greater detail.		<p style='text-align:justify;'>The tenth chapter deals with specific features of types of ''apasmara'' and its management. In continuation with the earlier explanation about causative factors, patho-physiology and clinical features have been described in [[Apasmara Nidana]], with another definition provided here in this chapter in greater detail.
			<br/>Specific features of dominance of ''[[vata]], [[pitta]]'' and ''[[kapha]] [[dosha]]s'' are explained and involvement of exogenous factors is mentioned. Management of ''apasmara'' depending on the predominance of ''[[dosha]]s'', influence of ''agantu'' (exogenous) factors are explained. Special preparations like ''panchagavya ghrita, mahapanchagavya ghrita, jeevaneeya ghrita,'' various preparations for nasal administrations etc are given.
	Specific features of dominance of ''[[vata]], [[pitta]]'' and ''[[kapha]] [[dosha]]s'' are explained and involvement of exogenous factors is mentioned. Management of ''apasmara'' depending on the predominance of ''[[dosha]]s'', influence of ''agantu'' (exogenous) factors are explained. Special preparations like ''panchagavya ghrita, mahapanchagavya ghrita, jeevaneeya ghrita,'' various preparations for nasal administrations etc are given.		<br/>Etiological factors, pathogenesis, features and management of an important disease called ''atattvabhinivesha'' (a disease of perversion of intellect) are narrated. Importance of ''[[rasayana]]'' (rejuvenation) and protection of patient of ''unmada'' and ''apasmara'' are also emphasized. </p>

	Etiological factors, pathogenesis, features and management of an important disease called ''atattvabhinivesha'' (a disease of perversion of intellect) are narrated. Importance of ''[[rasayana]]'' (rejuvenation) and protection of patient of ''unmada'' and ''apasmara'' are also emphasized. </p>

	'''Keywords''': ''Apasmara'', memory, consciousness, epilepsy, ''atattvabhinivesha, unmada'', seizure disorders.		'''Keywords''': ''Apasmara'', memory, consciousness, epilepsy, ''atattvabhinivesha, unmada'', seizure disorders.

Agnivesha at 12:17, 6 March 2023

2023-03-06T12:17:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:17, 6 March 2023
Line 37:		Line 37:

	<big>'''Abstract</big>'''		<big>'''Abstract</big>'''
	<~~div~~ style="text-align:justify;">		<p style='text-align:justify;'>The tenth chapter deals with specific features of types of ''apasmara'' and its management. In continuation with the earlier explanation about causative factors, patho-physiology and clinical features have been described in [[Apasmara Nidana]], with another definition provided here in this chapter in greater detail.
	The tenth chapter deals with specific features of types of ''apasmara'' and its management. In continuation with the earlier explanation about causative factors, patho-physiology and clinical features have been described in [[Apasmara Nidana]], with another definition provided here in this chapter in greater detail.

	Specific features of dominance of ''[[vata]], [[pitta]]'' and ''[[kapha]] [[dosha]]s'' are explained and involvement of exogenous factors is mentioned. Management of ''apasmara'' depending on the predominance of ''[[dosha]]s'', influence of ''agantu'' (exogenous) factors are explained. Special preparations like ''panchagavya ghrita, mahapanchagavya ghrita, jeevaneeya ghrita,'' various preparations for nasal administrations etc are given.		Specific features of dominance of ''[[vata]], [[pitta]]'' and ''[[kapha]] [[dosha]]s'' are explained and involvement of exogenous factors is mentioned. Management of ''apasmara'' depending on the predominance of ''[[dosha]]s'', influence of ''agantu'' (exogenous) factors are explained. Special preparations like ''panchagavya ghrita, mahapanchagavya ghrita, jeevaneeya ghrita,'' various preparations for nasal administrations etc are given.

	Etiological factors, pathogenesis, features and management of an important disease called ''atattvabhinivesha'' (a disease of perversion of intellect) are narrated. Importance of ''[[rasayana]]'' (rejuvenation) and protection of patient of ''unmada'' and ''apasmara'' are also emphasized.		Etiological factors, pathogenesis, features and management of an important disease called ''atattvabhinivesha'' (a disease of perversion of intellect) are narrated. Importance of ''[[rasayana]]'' (rejuvenation) and protection of patient of ''unmada'' and ''apasmara'' are also emphasized. </p>

	'''Keywords''': ''Apasmara'', memory, consciousness, epilepsy, ''atattvabhinivesha, unmada'', seizure disorders. ~~</div>~~		'''Keywords''': ''Apasmara'', memory, consciousness, epilepsy, ''atattvabhinivesha, unmada'', seizure disorders.

Agnivesha at 06:36, 20 September 2022

2022-09-20T06:36:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:36, 20 September 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{CiteButton}}
	{{#seo:		{{#seo:
	\|title=Apasmara Chikitsa		\|title=Apasmara Chikitsa

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:57, 13 December 2023
Line 113:		Line 113:

	''Apasmara'' occurs in those persons, in whom:		''Apasmara'' occurs in those persons, in whom:
	#The ''[[dosha]]s'' are excessively aggravated and have spread to other sites (''vibhranta'') due to (habitual) intake of improper/harmful and impure/contaminated food.		#The ''[[dosha]]s'' are excessively aggravated and have spread to other sites (''vibhranta'') due to (habitual) intake of improper/harmful and impure/contaminated food.
	#In whom, the ''[[sattva]]'' (one of the attributes of mind representing purity and consciousness) is suppressed by ''[[rajas]]'' (attribute of the mind representing energy and dynamism) and ''[[tamas]]'' (attribute of the mind representing passivity and ignorance) ;		#In whom, the ''[[sattva]]'' (one of the attributes of mind representing purity and consciousness) is suppressed by ''[[rajas]]'' (attribute of the mind representing energy and dynamism) and ''[[tamas]]'' (attribute of the mind representing passivity and ignorance) ;
	#The heart (site of consciousness) is obscured by aggravated ''[[dosha]]s''; and		#The heart (site of consciousness) is obscured by aggravated ''[[dosha]]s''; and
Line 1,016:		Line 1,016:

	#Etiological factors of epilepsy;		#Etiological factors of epilepsy;
	#the mode of vitiation of ''[[dosha]]s'';		#the mode of vitiation of ''[[dosha]]s'';
	#signs and symptoms in general and of different varieties of epilepsy;		#signs and symptoms in general and of different varieties of epilepsy;
	#treatment of different types of epilepsy; and		#treatment of different types of epilepsy; and
Line 1,041:		Line 1,041:
	=== Relation between diet, ''[[dosha]]'' specificity and ''apasmara'' ===		=== Relation between diet, ''[[dosha]]'' specificity and ''apasmara'' ===

	Role of pure diet is important, because it nourishes mind, enriches senses and motor organs. The ''Panchakosha'' theory of Yoga states that the sheath of mind (''manomaya kosha'') is nourished through sheath of food (''annamaya kosha'') only. Therefore, following proper, pure diet and dietary habits is necessary for preventing psychiatric disorders.		Role of pure diet is important, because it nourishes mind, enriches senses and motor organs. The ''Panchakosha'' theory of Yoga states that the sheath of [[Manas\|mind]] (''manomaya kosha'') is nourished through sheath of food (''annamaya kosha'') only. Therefore, following proper, pure [[Dietary guidelines\|diet and dietary habits]] is necessary for preventing psychiatric disorders.

	The physical ''[[dosha]]s'' like ''[[vata]], [[pitta]]'' and ''[[kapha]]'' are assigned certain psychological functions also. Their rise and accumulation takes place at different stage after taking food. Therefore, the type of disease depending upon type of dominant ''[[dosha]],'' evoked due to dominant diet specific to a particular ''[[dosha]]''. ''Apasmara'' is also caused due to vitiation of ''[[dosha]]'' owing to improper diet. This clarifies link between diet, ''[[dosha]],'' mental functions, memory and consciousness.		The physical ''[[dosha]]s'' like ''[[vata]], [[pitta]]'' and ''[[kapha]]'' are assigned certain psychological functions also. Their rise and accumulation takes place at different stage after taking food. Therefore, the type of disease depending upon type of dominant ''[[dosha]],'' evoked due to dominant diet specific to a particular ''[[dosha]]''. ''Apasmara'' is also caused due to vitiation of ''[[dosha]]'' owing to improper diet. This clarifies link between diet, ''[[dosha]],'' mental functions, memory and consciousness.

	=== Memory and consciousness ===		=== [[Memory]] and [[consciousness]] ===

	The profound relation between memory and consciousness is clearly indicated in ''apasmara''. In [[Ayurveda]], memory is termed as fundamental knowledge based upon experiences acquired through sense and motor organs. In psychology, memory is the mental capacity with which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. Consciousness is the state of awareness of internal events and external environment.<ref>Available from glossary of psychological terms retrived from http://www.apa.org/research/action/glossary.aspx?tab=3 on August 22, 2017</ref> In ''apasmara'', consciousness is affected leading to transient loss of memory.		The profound relation between [[memory]] and [[consciousness]] is clearly indicated in ''apasmara''. In [[Ayurveda]], memory is termed as fundamental knowledge based upon experiences acquired through sense and motor organs. In psychology, memory is the mental capacity with which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. Consciousness is the state of awareness of internal events and external environment.<ref>Available from glossary of psychological terms retrived from http://www.apa.org/research/action/glossary.aspx?tab=3 on August 22, 2017</ref> In ''apasmara'', consciousness is affected leading to transient loss of memory.

	The forbearance of mind is based upon intellect (''dhi'') and pure quality of mind (''sattva''). ''Dhi'' discriminates between right and wrong things. ''[[Sattva]]'' is pure quality that might be named as “mental immunity” which protects mind in all adverse conditions. In ''apasmara'', both the intellect and pure quality of mind are afflicted leading to poor forbearance.		The forbearance of mind is based upon intellect (''dhi'') and pure quality of mind (''sattva''). ''Dhi'' discriminates between right and wrong things. ''[[Sattva]]'' is pure quality that might be named as “mental immunity” which protects mind in all adverse conditions. In ''apasmara'', both the intellect and pure quality of mind are afflicted leading to poor forbearance.