Talk:Guggulu

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Commiphora mukul (Hook ex Stock) Engl

Guggulu
Section/Chapter Herb database/Guggulu
Botanical name(s) Commiphora mukul (Hook ex Stock) Engl
Family Burseraceae
Availability Available
Contributors --
Year of publication 2024
Publisher Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre
DOI Awaited

English name

Indian Bedellium

Therapeutic Uses

Amavata (Rheumatoid arthritis), Kushtha (Obstinate skin diseases), Prameha (Obstinate Urinary disorders including Diabetes mellitus), Vatavyadhi, Granthi (Tumors/warts), Sopha (Inflammation), Gandamala (Goitre), Medoroga (Obesity, and lowers cholesterol)[1]


Other botanical names/varieties

  • Commiphora acuminata Mattick
  • Commiphora africana (A.Rich.) Engl.
  • Commiphora Chiov.
  • Commiphora alaticaulis J.B.Gillett & Vollesen
  • Commiphora anacardiifolia Dinter & Engl.
  • Commiphora andranovoryensis Phillipson, Raharim., A.Weeks & Gostel
  • Commiphora angolensis Engl.
  • Commiphora angustifoliolata Mendes
  • Commiphora ankaranensis (J.-F.Leroy) Cheek & Rakot.
  • Commiphora antunesii Engl.
  • Commiphora aprevalii Guillaumin
  • Commiphora arafy H.Perrier
  • Commiphora arenaria Thulin
  • Commiphora baluensis Engl.
  • Commiphora benguelensis Swanepoel
  • Commiphora berardellii Chiov.
  • Commiphora berryi (Arn.) Engl.
  • Commiphora boranensis Vollesen
  • Commiphora brevicalyx H.Perrier
  • Commiphora buruxa Swanepoel
  • Commiphora caerulea Burtt
  • Commiphora campestris Engl.
  • Commiphora capensis (Sond.) Engl.
  • Commiphora capuronii Bard.-Vauc.
  • Commiphora caudata (Wight & Arn.) Engl
  • Commiphora cervifolia Van der Walt
  • Commiphora chaetocarpa J.B.Gillett
  • Commiphora chevalieri Engl.
  • Commiphora chiovendana J.B.Gillett ex Thulin
  • Commiphora ciliata Vollesen
  • Commiphora coleopsis H.Perrier
  • Commiphora confusa Vollesen
  • Commiphora corrugata J.B.Gillett & Vollesen
  • Commiphora crenatoserrata Engl.
  • Commiphora cuneifolia Baker
  • Commiphora cyclophylla Chiov.
  • Commiphora dalzielii Hutch.
  • Commiphora dinteri Engl.
  • Commiphora discolor Mendes
  • Commiphora drake-brockmanii Sprague
  • Commiphora dulcis Engl.
  • Commiphora edulis (Klotzsch) Engl.
  • Commiphora elliptica Phillipson, Raharim., A.Weeks & Gostel
  • Commiphora eminii Engl.
  • Commiphora engleri Guillaumin
  • Commiphora enneaphylla Chiov.
  • Commiphora erlangeriana Engl.
  • Commiphora erosa Vollesen
  • Commiphora falcata Capuron
  • Commiphora foliacea Sprague
  • Commiphora franciscana Capuron
  • Commiphora fraxinifolia Baker
  • Commiphora fraxinoides (Hiern) K.Schum.
  • Commiphora fulvotomentosa Engl.
  • Commiphora gardoensis J.B.Gillett ex Thulin
  • Commiphora gariepensis Swanepoel
  • Commiphora giessii Van der Walt
  • Commiphora gileadensis (L.) C.Chr
  • Commiphora glandulosa Schinz
  • Commiphora glaucescens Engl.
  • Commiphora gorinii Chiov.
  • Commiphora gracilifrondosa Dinter ex Van der Walt
  • Commiphora grandifolia Engl.
  • Commiphora grosswelleri Engl.
  • Commiphora guerichiania Engl.
  • Commiphora guidottii Chiov. ex Guid.
  • Commiphora guillauminii H.Perrier
  • Commiphora gurreh Engl.
  • Commiphora hartmannii Engl.
  • Commiphora harveyi (Engl.) Engl.
  • Commiphora hereroensis Schinz
  • Commiphora hildebrandtii Engl.
  • Commiphora hodai Sprague
  • Commiphora hornbyi Burtt
  • Commiphora horrida Chiov.
  • Commiphora humbertii H.Perrier
  • Commiphora kaokoensis Swanepoel
  • Commiphora karibensis Wild
  • Commiphora kataf (Forssk.) Engl.
  • Commiphora kerstingii Engl.
  • Commiphora kraeuseliana Heine
  • Commiphora kua (R.Br. ex Royle) Vollesen
  • Commiphora kucharii Thulin
  • Commiphora kuneneana Swanepoel
  • Commiphora lacerata Thulin
  • Commiphora lamii H.Perrier
  • Commiphora lasiodisca H.Perrier
  • Commiphora laxecymigera H.Perrier
  • Commiphora leandriana H.Perrier
  • Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J.B.Gillett,
  • Commiphora lobatospathulata J.B.Gillett ex Thulin
  • Commiphora longibracteata Engl.
  • Commiphora madagascariensis Jacq.
  • Commiphora mafaidoha H.Perrier
  • Commiphora mahafaliensis Capuron
  • Commiphora marchandii Engl.
  • Commiphora marlothii Engl.
  • Commiphora merkeri Engl.
  • Commiphora merkii Engl.
  • Commiphora mildbraedii Engl.
  • Commiphora mollis (Oliv.) Engl.
  • Commiphora mombassensis Engl.
  • Commiphora monoica Vollesen
  • Commiphora monstruosa (H.Perrier) Capuron
  • Commiphora morondavensis Phillipson, Raharim., A.Weeks & Gostel
  • Commiphora mossambicensis (Oliv.) Engl.
  • Commiphora mossamedensis Mendes
  • Commiphora mulelame (Hiern) K.Schum.
  • Commiphora multifoliolata J.B.Gillett ex Thulin
  • Commiphora multijuga (Hiern) K.Schum.
  • Commiphora murraywatsonii J.B.Gillett ex Thulin
  • Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl.
  • Commiphora namaensis Schinz
  • Commiphora namibensis Swanepoel
  • Commiphora neglecta I.Verd.
  • Commiphora oblanceolata Schinz
  • Commiphora oblongifolia J.B.Gillett
  • Commiphora obovata Chiov.
  • Commiphora oddurensis Chiov.
  • Commiphora omundomba Swanepoel & A.Weeks
  • Commiphora orbicularis Engl.
  • Commiphora ornifolia (Balf.f.) J.B.Gillett
  • Commiphora otjihipana Swanepoel
  • Commiphora ovalifolia J.B.Gillett
  • Commiphora paolii Chiov.
  • Commiphora parvifolia (Balf.f.) Engl.
  • Commiphora pedunculata (Kotschy & Peyr.) Engl.
  • Commiphora pervilleana Engl.
  • Commiphora planifrons (Balf.f.) Engl.
  • Commiphora playfairii (Hook.f. ex Oliv.) Engl.
  • Commiphora pruinosa Engl.
  • Commiphora pseudopaolii J.B.Gillett
  • Commiphora pteleifolia Engl.
  • Commiphora pterocarpa H.Perrier
  • Commiphora pyracanthoides Engl.
  • Commiphora quadricincta Schweinf.
  • Commiphora quercifoliola J.B.Gillett ex Thulin
  • Commiphora rangeana Engl.
  • Commiphora razakamalalae Gostel, Phillipson & A.Weeks
  • Commiphora rostrata Engl.
  • Commiphora ruquietiana Dinter & Engl.
  • Commiphora ruspolii Chiov.
  • Commiphora samharensis Schweinf.
  • Commiphora sarandensis Burtt
  • Commiphora saxicola Engl.
  • Commiphora schimperi (O.Bergman) Engl.
  • Commiphora schlechteri Engl.
  • Commiphora schultzei Engl.
  • Commiphora sennii Chiov.
  • Commiphora serrata Engl.
  • Commiphora serrulata Engl.
  • Commiphora setulifera Chiov. ex Guid.
  • Commiphora simplicifolia H.Perrier
  • Commiphora sinuata H.Perrier
  • Commiphora socotrana (Balf.f.) Engl.
  • Commiphora spathulata Mattick
  • Commiphora spathulifoliolata Engl.
  • Commiphora sphaerocarpa Chiov
  • Commiphora spinulosa J.B.Gillett ex Thulin
  • Commiphora staphyleifolia Chiov.
  • Commiphora stellatopubescens J.B.Gillett ex Thulin
  • Commiphora stellulata H.Perrier
  • Commiphora steynii Swanepoel
  • Commiphora stocksiana (Engl.) Engl., known in Pakistan as bayisa gugal
  • Commiphora sulcata Chiov.
  • Commiphora swynnertonii Burtt
  • Commiphora tenuipetiolata Engl.
  • Commiphora tetramera Engl.
  • Commiphora truncata Engl.
  • Commiphora tsimanampetsae Capuron
  • Commiphora ugogensis Engl.
  • Commiphora ulugurensis Engl.
  • Commiphora unilobata J.B.Gillett & Vollesen
  • Commiphora viminea Burtt Davy
  • Commiphora virgata Engl.
  • Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari
  • Commiphora wildii Merxm.
  • Commiphora woodii Engl.
  • Commiphora zanzibarica (Baill.) Engl

Identification Characters

1. Nava Guggulu

  • Snigdha – Unctuous, oily
  • Kanchana Sankasha – has golden yellow shine
  • Pakva Jambuphalopama – resembles ripe jamun fruit
  • Sugandhi – has a good aroma
  • Picchila – Sticky, Slimy

2. Purana Guggulu '

  • Shushka' – Dry
  • Durgandha – foul smelling
  • Tyaktaprakruti varna – will not have its original colour and nature.
  • Ulukhala/ Kumbholukhala – Gum resin of Guggulu exudes from pot shaped cavities.
  • Kaushik - Guggulu exudes gum – resin from its cavities.
  • Mahishaksha – Gum – resin of guggulu has reddish black colour like that of Buffalo’s eye.
  • Kananiryasa – Gum resin of guggulu has particles.
  • Kalaniryasa – Gum resin of guggulu is blackish in colour.[2]

Synonyms in Charak Samhita

Guggulu, Pura, Moolakaparni, Palankasha, Devadhupa, Mahisaksha, Jatayu, Kaushik

Additional Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu

Kustalu, Khalaka, Kliba[3]

Types

Bhavaprakasha Nighantu

Mentioned 5 types[4]

  1. Mahishaksha – Black in colour
  2. Mahanila – Blue in colour
  3. Kumud – White in colour
  4. Padma – Brown in colour
  5. Hiranyaksha – Yellow in colour

Other 2 types – Nava Guggulu and Purana Guggulu

Raja Nighantu

Mentioned 2 types[5] 

1.Gandharaja Guggulu / Kana guggulu
2.Bhumija guggulu

Prashashta Guggulu (Qualities of Genuine Guggulu)

  • Atapaiste viliyanti – becomes liquefied when exposed to Sun light.
  • Ksiptagnou jwalanti – Burns well when put on fire
  • Snigdha (Unctuous)
  • Mridu (Soft)
  • Pichhila (Sticky)
  • Vishada (Clean)
  • Sugandha (Good smell)
  • Pitabha (yellowish-tinged)
  • Mrit sikata rahita – Devoid of mud and sand.[6]

Atimatra Prayoga (Excessive usage) of Guggulu

  • Klaibya (Impotency)
  • Asya shosha (Dryness in mouth)
  • Timira (Progressive cataract)
  • Karsya (Lean)
  • Moha (Giddiness)
  • Atisara (Diarrhoea)[7]

Contra indications during Guggulu usage

  • Amla & Tikshna – Sour and strong foods.
  • Ajirna – Food that causes indigestion
  • Vyavaya – sexual intercourse
  • Shrama – Sternous exercise
  • Atapa – Sunlight
  • Madya – Alcoholic preparaions
  • Rosha – Psychological upsets like anger[8]

Ayurvedic pharmacological properties

Properties
Sr.no. Pharmacological criteria Properties
1 Taste (rasa) Bitter (tikta), Pungent (katu)
2 Potency (veerya) Hot (ushna)
3 Post digestion effect (vipaka) Pungent (katu)
4 Qualities (guna) Light (laghu), Rough (ruksha), Minute (sukshma)
5 Actions (karma) Pacify all three dosha (tridoshahara)

Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions

Herbs and their activities
Sr.no. Reference in Charak Samhita Activity
1 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 3/4 Siddhatama churna pradeha
2 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 5/21 Dhuma varti dravya
3 Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana 8/144 Kashaya-skandha
4 Cha.Sa.Sharira Sthana 8/61 Kshirajanan karma
5 Cha.Sa.Kalpa Sthana 1/23 Vamanarth
6 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/267 As an ingredient of Agurvadi taila
7 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/307 Used as Dhoopana dravya in Vishamajwara
8 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 10/27 Ingredient in Vachadi Ghrita
9 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 10/34 Ingredient in Palankashadi taila
10 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 13/153 In treatment of Udararoga (with dugdha)
11 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 17/80 Used for shodhanottara dhumpana
12 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 23/99 Used as an ingredient of Vishaghna dhuma
13 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 23/231 Used in the treatment of animals suffering with poison
14 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 25/53 Used for Pakvasopha prabheda.
15 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 25/100 Used for vrana avasadana.
16 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/152 Used in Kaphaja Pratishyaya for pradhamana
17 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/182 Used in Kaphaja sira shoola for dhoomavarti
18 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 27/35 AS an Sahapana of Murvadi Choorna
19 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/242 As a rasayana prayoga in Avrita vata
20 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/159 Used in nitya prayoga as vatarakta nashaka dravya
21 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 30/121 Used in the treatment of Sveta pradara

Dose

2-4 gms of the drug[9]

Important Formulations

As per A.P.I.[10]

  • Vatari Guggulu
  • Yogaraja Guggulu
  • Simhanada Guggulu
  • Mahayogaraja Guggulu
  • Kaisora Guggulu
  • Chandraprabha Vati

Current availability

Available

  • It is largely found in the dry regions of Rajasthan and Gujarat states of India.
  • Other countries – Arid regions of Pakistan, Tropical regions of Africa, Madagascar and Asia, Australia, Indian Ocean and Pacific islands

Current researches

This article is under development ..
  1. ↑ Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I:28
  2. ↑ Shri Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Karpuradi Varga, Verse no. 39 – 40, Edited by Padmashree Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015;
  3. ↑ Shri Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Karpuradi Varga, Verse no. 29, Edited by Padmashree Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015;
  4. ↑ Shri Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Karpuradi Varga, Verse no. 30, Edited by Padmashree Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015;
  5. ↑ Dr. Indradev Tripathi, Raj Nighantu of Pandit Narahari, Chandanadi Varga, Verse no. 107 Chaukhambha Krishnadas academy, Varanasi;
  6. ↑ Prof. Priya Vat Sharma, Kaiyadev Nighantu, Aushadhi Varga, Verse no. 1412 Translated by Dr. Guru Prasada Sharma, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Delhi;
  7. ↑ Prof. Priya Vat Sharma, Priya Nighantu, Haritakyadi Varga, Verse no. 80, Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi;
  8. ↑ Shri Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Karpuradi Varga, Verse no. 45, Edited by Padmashree Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015;
  9. ↑ Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I:28
  10. ↑ Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I:28
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