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Pitta dosha (view source)

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<li>Eyes (drika) </li>

<li>Skin (twacha) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8], [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2],<ref name="ref8">Bhava misra. Bhavprakasa, Edited by Brahmasankara Mishra, Rupalalaji Vaisya. 5th ed. Hindi Commentary Vidyotini; Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 1969.</ref> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9">Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridayam. Edited by HarishastriParadkar Vaidya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy; 2000.</ref></li></ul>

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Among all these sites, duodenum ([[Amashaya|amashaya]]) and umbilicus (nabhi) are the prime sites of pitta.[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8][K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/> Amashaya (~~stmach~~) is located in between the breast(stana) and umbilicus(nabhi). In [[Amashaya|amashaya]], the digestion of all types of food takes place. [Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 2/17] Duodenum is the area of the digestive tract where maximum digestive process occurs. Acharya Chakrapani clears that the location of pitta is lower part of [[Amashaya|amashaya]]( i.e. duodenum). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8]

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Among all these sites, duodenum ([[Amashaya|amashaya]]) and umbilicus (nabhi) are the prime sites of pitta.[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8][K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/> [[Amashaya]] (stomach) is located in between the breast (stana) and umbilicus([[nabhi]]). In [[Amashaya|amashaya]], the digestion of all types of food takes place. [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 2/17] Duodenum is the area of the digestive tract where maximum digestive process occurs. Acharya Chakrapani clears that the location of pitta is lower part of [[Amashaya|amashaya]]( i.e. duodenum). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8]

[[File:Fig2.jpg|center|Figure 02. General (A)and specific sites(B) of Pitta dosha.]]<center>'''Figure 02. General (A)and specific sites(B) of Pitta dosha.'''</center></div>

===Attributes===

The characteristics of pitta are:

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<ul style='text-align:justify;'><li>Slight unctuousness (sasneha or ishatsneha)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/60][K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>

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<ul style='text-align:justify;'><li>Slight unctuousness (sasneha or ishatsneha)[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/60][K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>

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<li>Hot(ushna) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/60] [Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/97] [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>

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<li>Hot(ushna) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/60] [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/97] [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>

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<li>Penetrating or sharp acting property (tikshna) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/60] [Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/97] [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>

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<li>Penetrating or sharp acting property (tikshna) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/60] [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/97] [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>

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<li>Liquidity (drava) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/60] [Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/97] [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>

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<li>Liquidity (drava) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/60] [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/97] [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>

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<li>[[Amla|Sour (amla)]] [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/60] [Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/97] [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/></li>

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<li>[[Amla|Sour (amla)]] [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/60] [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/97] [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/></li>

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<li>Mobile (sara) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/60] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>

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<li>Mobile (sara) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/60] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>

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<li>[[Katu|Pungent (katu)]] [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/60] [Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/97] [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/></li>

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<li>[[Katu|Pungent (katu)]] [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/60] [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/97] [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/></li>

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<li>Raw meat odor (vistra or puti gandha) [Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/97] [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>

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<li>Raw meat odor (vistra or puti gandha) [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/97] [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>

<li>Blue color (nila) [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/></li>

<li>Yellow (pita) [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/></li>

<li>Lightness (laghava) [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 42/7]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>

<li>Cleansing property (vishada) [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 42/7]<ref name="ref2"/></li></ul>

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>Pitta is [[Katu|pungent (katu)]] in completely formed or mature stage. It is [[Amla|sour (amla)]] when in raw or incompletely formed stage. [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> Pitta is yellow in color in the mature stage and blue in color in raw stage. [ Dalhana on Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/><br/>Acharya Chakrapani described the two types of pitta: 1) sadrava and 2) nirdrava. Sadrava is the natural pitta with liquidity and unctuousness. Nirdrava causes [[Jwara|fever(jwara)]] and other [[Vyadhi|diseases]] and is dry(rukshta). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 3/217] <br/>These attributes should be considered while taking diet and lifestyle management of health. If the food and lifestyle habits having similar characteristics are followed in excess, a person may experience pitta [[Dosha|dosha]] vitiation leading to pitta disorders. Kashypa stated that pitta have all colors (varna) except white (shweta) and crimson red (aruna). [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/> </div>

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>Pitta is [[Katu|pungent (katu)]] in completely formed or mature stage. It is [[Amla|sour (amla)]] when in raw or incompletely formed stage. [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> Pitta is yellow in color in the mature stage and blue in color in raw stage. [ Dalhana on Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/><br/>Acharya Chakrapani described the two types of pitta: 1) sadrava and 2) nirdrava. Sadrava is the natural pitta with liquidity and unctuousness. Nirdrava causes [[Jwara|fever(jwara)]] and other [[Vyadhi|diseases]] and is dry(rukshta). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/217] <br/>These attributes should be considered while taking diet and lifestyle management of health. If the food and lifestyle habits having similar characteristics are followed in excess, a person may experience pitta [[Dosha|dosha]] vitiation leading to pitta disorders. Kashypa stated that pitta have all colors (varna) except white (shweta) and crimson red (aruna). [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/> </div>

== Functions of Pitta ==

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>Pitta has the independent function to perform within the [[Sharira|body]]. The principal function of pitta dosha is to maintain the normal physiology by supplying energy to the [[Sharira|body]] for all processes. The special functions of pitta are: [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 18/50] [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 12/11] [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 15/4]<ref name="ref2"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 11/2-3]<ref name="ref8"/>

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>Pitta has the independent function to perform within the [[Sharira|body]]. The principal function of pitta dosha is to maintain the normal physiology by supplying energy to the [[Sharira|body]] for all processes. The special functions of pitta are: [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 18/50] [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 12/11] [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 15/4]<ref name="ref2"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 11/2-3]<ref name="ref8"/>

<ul><li>Vision (darshan)</li>

<li>Digestion (pakti)</li>

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== Classification ==

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>The classification of pitta is based on different functions and locations in human [[Sharira|body]]. [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/10]<ref name="ref2"/> [A.S. Sutra ~~Sthana20~~/5]<ref name="ref5"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/12-14]<ref name="ref8"/></div>

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>The classification of pitta is based on different functions and locations in human [[Sharira|body]]. [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/10]<ref name="ref2"/> [A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/5]<ref name="ref5"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/12-14]<ref name="ref8"/></div>

=== Five types of pitta dosha, sites and functions: ===

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<li>Radiates the glow of skin (chayanam cha prakashaka) </li>

<li>Gives lustre to skin (kantikaritvam) [Bh. P. Purva Khand 3/125]<ref name="ref7"/></li>

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<li>Maintenance of normal body temperature [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 12/11]</li></ul>

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<li>Maintenance of normal body temperature [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 12/11]</li></ul>

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|}

[[File:Fig4.jpg|center|Figure 04: Physiology of different types of pitta dosha]]<center>'''Figure 04: Physiology of different types of pitta dosha'''</center>

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== Pitta dominant constitution (prakriti) ==

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== Pitta dominant constitution ([[prakriti]]) ==

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>The characteristic features of pitta dominant constitution individuals based on properties of pitta dosha are described as below. [Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/97]

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>The characteristic features of pitta dominant constitution individuals based on properties of pitta dosha are described as below. [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/97]

<ul><li>The predominance of moles, pimples, wrinkles</li>

<li>Premature graying of hair and scanty hair or baldness</li>

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<li>Intelligent person</li></ul></div>

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=== Loka Purusha ~~Samanya~~ ===

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=== [[Loka]] [[Purusha]] Samya ===

<div style='text-align:justify;'>Pitta is responsible for all destruction or catabolism in the cosmos. The [[Agni mahabhuta|agni mahabhuta]] is represented by the pitta dosha in human [[Sharira|body]]. Nourishing ([[Visarga kala|visarga]]), depleting ([[Adana kala|adana]]) and distributing (vikshepa) in the universe are carried by the moon, sun and wind. Similarly, the human [[Sharira|body]] has [[Kapha dosha|kapha]], pitta, and [[Vata dosha|vata]] performing the same functions, respectively. [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 29/6]<ref name="ref2"/></div>

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>These factors are the essential component of biological rhythm occurring in the external as well as internal environment of the [[Sharira|body]]. This natural increase is physiological. These factors are as follows:[Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/20]<ref name="ref2"/>, [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana1/8]<ref name="ref8"/>, [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana12/20-21]<ref name="ref8"/> [A.Hr. Nidana Sthana1/16]<ref name="ref8"/>(Figure 05)

<ul><li style="font-weight: bold;">[[Ritu|Season (ritu)]]: <span style="font-weight:normal">Pitta undergoes natural accumulation in rainy season([[Varsha|varsha]]), gets vitiated during [[Sharad|autumn(sharada)]] and subsides to normal during [[Hemanta|winter(hemant)]].</span></li>

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<li style="font-weight: bold;">Various stages of digestion of food: <span style="font-weight:normal">Pitta gets vitiated during the meal digestion(jiryteanne)</span></li>

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<li style="font-weight: bold;">Various stages of digestion of food: <span style="font-weight:normal">Pitta gets vitiated during the meal digestion (jiryteanne).</span></li>

<li style="font-weight: bold;">Biological rhythm of day and night: <span style="font-weight:normal">Pitta gets vitiated in the middle of the day(madhyanhe) and night(ardharatre).</span></li>

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<li style="font-weight: bold;">Age (vaya): <span style="font-weight:normal">In middle age, pitta is in excess as compared to other [[Dosha|doshas]].</span></li></ul>

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<li style="font-weight: bold;">Age ([[vaya]]): <span style="font-weight:normal">In middle age, pitta is in excess as compared to other [[Dosha|doshas]].</span></li></ul>

[[File:Fig5.jpg|center|Figure 05: Natural factors responsible for increase in pitta.]]<center>'''Figure 05: Natural factors responsible for increase in pitta.'''</center></div>

==== Acquired factors ====

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>'''Preventive aspect:''' A person with pitta dominant [[Sharira|body]] constitution should avoid the diet and lifestyle mentioned above to maintain equilibrium and healthy status. </div>

=== Stages of dosha: ===

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>[[Dosha|Dosha]] continues to exist in three states: hypofunction (kshaya), hyperfunction (vriddhi), and normal physiological state (sama). [Cha.Sa. Sutra ~~Sthana17~~/110]Increase and reduction in [[Dosha|dosha]] functioning ([[Karma|karma]]) can be used to understand [[Dosha|dosha]] increase and decline in the [[Sharira|body]]. [[Dosha|Dosha]], when increased, produce their respective features in excess; when decreased, cut off their functions and when in normal state, they perform their normal functions.</div>

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>[[Dosha|Dosha]] continues to exist in three states: hypofunction (kshaya), hyperfunction (vriddhi), and normal physiological state (sama). [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]]17/110] Increase and reduction in [[Dosha|dosha]] functioning ([[Karma|karma]]) can be used to understand [[Dosha|dosha]] increase and decline in the [[Sharira|body]]. [[Dosha|Dosha]], when increased, produce their respective features in excess; when decreased, cut off their functions and when in normal state, they perform their normal functions.</div>

=== Hyperfunctioning of pitta (vriddhi lakshana): ===

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<li>Weakness of senses or inability to work properly(indriya daurbalya) </li>

<li>Vitiation of essence(ojovisramsa) </li>

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<li>Desire for cold(~~shitaabhilasha~~) </li>

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<li>Desire for cold (shita abhilasha) </li>

<li>Bitter feeling in mouth(tiktasyata) </li>

<li>Giddiness(murchha) </li>

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=== Hypofunctioning of pitta (kshaya lakshana): ===

<div style='text-align:justify;'>When pitta levels decline, the [[Sharira|body]] exhibits various signs and symptoms as below: [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana15/7]<ref name="ref3"/>, [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana11/16]<ref name="ref8"/>, [A.S. Sutra Sthana19/8]<ref name="ref5"/>

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<ul><li>Poor digestive capacity and decreased digestive functions (~~mandaanala~~) </li>

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<ul><li>Poor digestive capacity and decreased digestive functions (manda anala) </li>

<li>Coldness(shita) </li>

<li>Loss of skin luster ([[Prabha|prabha]] hani) </li>

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=== Diagnosis: ===

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>The state of pitta dosha can be diagnosed and assessed based on clinical features. The most common clinical features of pitta dosha are burning sensation(daha), feeling of hotness (ushnata), suppuration(paka), strava(discharge), redness(raga) rigidity([[Stambhana|stambhana]]), wasting ([[Shosha Nidana|shosha]])and harshness(parusha). [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/15] [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/39]<ref name="ref9"/> <br/>Forty types of [[Vyadhi|diseases]] are caused due to an imbalance of pitta dosha (pitta nanatmaja [[Vyadhi|vyadhi]]).[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/14][Table 02]:</div>

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>The state of pitta dosha can be diagnosed and assessed based on clinical features. The most common clinical features of pitta dosha are burning sensation(daha), feeling of hotness (ushnata), suppuration(paka), strava(discharge), redness(raga) rigidity([[Stambhana|stambhana]]), wasting ([[Shosha Nidana|shosha]])and harshness(parusha). [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/15] [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/39]<ref name="ref9"/> <br/>Forty types of [[Vyadhi|diseases]] are caused due to an imbalance of pitta dosha (pitta nanatmaja [[Vyadhi|vyadhi]]).[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/14][Table 02]:</div>

{| class="wikitable"

|+ Table 2: Disorders due to pitta dosha (pitta nanatmaja vikara)<ref name="ref11">Bhel. Bhel Samhita. Edited by Priya Vrat Sharma. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Visvabharti;2008.</ref>

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|}

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=== Diagnostic and assessment tools: ===

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=== Diagnostic and assessment tools ===

<div style='text-align:justify;'>Pitta dosha can be assessed by its normal or abnormal functionality through subjective methods like questionnaires and objective methods. Currently, there are no validated and standardized tools for [[Dosha|dosha]] assessment within the [[Sharira|body]]. Pitta vriddhi and kshaya features can be assessed through a subjective questionnaire. Ayurvedic physicians assess the normalcy and abnormality through the ayurvedic principles of examination (pariksha). <br/>Subjective and objective methods which may be used to assess the normal functioning of pitta dosha are:

<ul><li>Test for assessment for digestive enzymes and hormones like serum lipase<ref name="ref12">Byadgi P.S., Saini N.. Maharoga Adhyaya. In: Kar A.C., Rai S., Deole Y.S., Basisht G., eds. Charak Samhita New Edition. 1st ed. Jamnagar, Ind: CSRTSDC; 2020. https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/index.php?title=Maharoga_Adhyaya&oldid=41150. Accessed November 6, 2022.</ref>, serum amylase<ref name="ref12"/>, serum pepsinogen<ref name="ref13">Ismail OZ, Bhayana V. Lipase or amylase for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis?. Clin Biochem. 2017;50(18):1275-1280. </ref> and serum gastrin<ref name="ref14">Mukoubayashi C, Yanaoka K, Ohata H, et al. Serum pepsinogen and gastric cancer screening. Intern Med. 2007;46(6):261-266.</ref> etc. </li>

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== Treatment ==

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>To manage and prevent [[Vyadhi|disease]], the clinician shall follow the theory of similarity and dissimilarity ([[Samanya Vishesha Theory|samanya vishesha siddhanta]]). Avoiding diet and lifestyle factors similar to properties of pitta dosha is required to pacify it. Contrarily, the decline of pitta dosha is treated by consuming foods and lifestyles that stimulate it. Therapeutic purgation ([[Virechana|virechana]]) is the best intervention indicated for vitiated pitta.[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/16] [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 25/40] <br/>Ingestion of milk and [[Ghee|ghee]] (ghrita) is best for the treatment of pitta. [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 25/40] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 13/4-9]<ref name="ref8"/> <br/>The herbs having [[Madhura|sweet]], [[Tikta|bitter]], [[Kashaya|astringent]], and cold qualities used in single or combination along with therapies like [[Snehana (unction therapy)|oleation]], [[Virechana|purgation]], massage and shower etc. are helpful in the treatment of pitta disorders. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/16] [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/39]<ref name="ref9"/>

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>To manage and prevent [[Vyadhi|disease]], the clinician shall follow the theory of similarity and dissimilarity ([[Samanya Vishesha Theory|samanya vishesha siddhanta]]). Avoiding diet and lifestyle factors similar to properties of pitta dosha is required to pacify it. Contrarily, the decline of pitta dosha is treated by consuming foods and lifestyles that stimulate it. Therapeutic purgation ([[Virechana|virechana]]) is the best intervention indicated for vitiated pitta.[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/16] [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 25/40] <br/>Ingestion of milk and [[Ghee|ghee]] (ghrita) is best for the treatment of pitta. [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 25/40] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 13/4-9]<ref name="ref8"/> <br/>The herbs having [[Madhura|sweet]], [[Tikta|bitter]], [[Kashaya|astringent]], and cold qualities used in single or combination along with therapies like [[Snehana (unction therapy)|oleation]], [[Virechana|purgation]], massage and shower etc. are helpful in the treatment of pitta disorders. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/16] [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/39]<ref name="ref9"/>

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<br/>'''Dietary modification:''' Three tastes ([[Rasa|rasa]]) that help in controlling the vitiated pitta are – [[Madhura|sweet (madhura)]], [[Tikta|bitter (tikta)]] and [[Kashaya|astringent (kashaya)]]. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/66] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 13/4-9]<ref name="ref8"/>

+

<br/>'''Dietary modification:''' Three tastes ([[Rasa|rasa]]) that help in controlling the vitiated pitta are – [[Madhura|sweet (madhura)]], [[Tikta|bitter (tikta)]] and [[Kashaya|astringent (kashaya)]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/66] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 13/4-9]<ref name="ref8"/>

<br/>'''Lifestyle modification:''' Following modifications in lifestyles and measures help to maintain equilibrium of pitta dosha and manage its disorders.

<ul><li>Frequent application of paste of cool substances like kapur (camphor), [[Chandana|Chandana]] (sandalwood), and ushira (Khashkhash grass) over [[Sharira|body]]</li>

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>[[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]] describes the entire visual process in terms of [[Vata dosha|vata]] and pitta dosha. [[Vata dosha|Vata]] is responsible for excellence of vision (aksha patavam) and pitta dosha is responsible for vision (darshana); particularly, alochaka pitta.<ref name="ref26">Singh A, Singh G, Patwardhan K, Gehlot S. Development, Validation, and Verification of a Self-Assessment Tool to Estimate Agnibala (Digestive Strength). Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine. 2017;22(1):134-140.</ref></div>

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=== Functions of pitta dosha as per gender and prakriti: ===

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=== Functions of pitta dosha as per gender and [[prakriti]]: ===

<div style='text-align:justify;'>This study determines the variance in the functional condition of various pitta forms using objective metrics in 201 young, healthy volunteers. For pachaka pitta, serum lipids, cholesterol, total protein, and glucose levels were assessed. For ranjaka pitta, haemoglobin concentration;for alochaka pitta, visual acuity; for sadhaka pitta, [[Memory|memory]], and response time, and for bhrajaka pitta, Red-Green-Blue(RGB) value were evaluated. Except for bhrajaka pitta, each type of pitta had a separate functional status in each [[Prakriti|prakriti]] for both genders. Study suggested that while organizing and assessing research based on [[Prakriti|prakriti]], gender inequalities be taken into account.<ref name="ref27">Balakrishnan P, Ashwini MJ. Conceptual analysis of Physiology of vision in Ayurveda. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2014;5(3):190-196. </ref></div>

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