Changes

Among emetic drugs, ''Madanaphala'' is considered to be the best because it does not cause any adverse effect. That explains why a chapter on ''Madanaphala'' precedes all other chapters in this section.

Among emetic drugs, ''Madanaphala'' is considered to be the best because it does not cause any adverse effect. That explains why a chapter on ''Madanaphala'' precedes all other chapters in this section.

''Kalpa'' means "that which is processed". In this context, pharmaceutical preparations are called ''Kalpa''. This ''Sthana'' is called [[Kalpa Sthana]] since formulations of emetics and purgatives have been described here. The preparations which expel the ''dosha'' upwards through mouth are called ''Urdhavabhagahara'' (emetics) and those which expel downwards through rectum are ''Adhobhagahara'' (purgatives). In this section, it is explained that drugs possessing [[vayu]] and [[agni]] [[mahabhuta]] predominance initiate [[vamana]] action, while drugs with [[prithvi]] and [[jala]] predominance produce [[virechana]] action. However these actions have been attributed to principle of specific action(prabhava). It is clearly mentioned that these drugs became efficacious by the effect of ''desha'' (appropriate habitat), ''kala'' (season and time), ''guna'' (enriched with excellent attributes) and ''bhaajana'' (storing in appropriate containers).

''Kalpa'' means "that which is processed". In this context, pharmaceutical preparations are called ''Kalpa''. This ''Sthana'' is called [[Kalpa Sthana]] since formulations of emetics and purgatives have been described here. The preparations which expel the [[dosha]] upwards through mouth are called ''Urdhavabhagahara'' (emetics) and those which expel downwards through rectum are ''Adhobhagahara'' (purgatives). In this section, it is explained that drugs possessing [[vayu]] and [[agni]] [[mahabhuta]] predominance initiate [[vamana]] action, while drugs with [[prithvi]] and [[jala]] predominance produce [[virechana]] action. However, these actions have been attributed to the principle of a specific action(prabhava). It is clearly mentioned that these drugs became efficacious by the effect of ''desha'' (appropriate habitat), ''kala'' (season and time), [[guna]] (enriched with excellent attributes) and ''bhaajana'' (storing in appropriate containers).

In this reference three basic kind of ''desha'' (habitat) i.e. ''jangala'', ''anupa'' and ''sadharana'' have been ascribed on the basis of specific flora and fauna. Laws for collection of different parts of a plant ,i.e., roots in summers or late winter when the leaves of the trees have ripened and withered away; barks, rhizome and latex in autumn; heartwood in ''Hemanta'' (early winter); and flowers and fruits during appropriate seasons have been laid out.

In this reference three basic kind of ''desha'' (habitat) i.e. ''jangala'', ''anupa'' and ''sadharana'' have been ascribed on the basis of specific flora and fauna. Laws for collection of different parts of a plant ,i.e., roots in summers or late winter when the leaves of the trees have ripened and withered away; barks, rhizome and latex in autumn; heartwood in ''Hemanta'' (early winter); and flowers and fruits during appropriate seasons have been laid out.

Since these are variations with regard to place (''desha'') and time (''kala''), preparations and processing of drugs and it is not possible to prescribe one drug which might be universally applicable. Moreover all the drugs may not be available everywhere. Hence a number of formulations of ''Madanaphala'' are described. The physician may select one out of them which is suitable for the person.

Since these are variations with regard to place (''desha'') and time (''kala''), preparations and processing of drugs and it is not possible to prescribe one drug which might be universally applicable. Moreover all the drugs may not be available everywhere. Hence a number of formulations of ''Madanaphala'' are described. The physician may select one out of them which is suitable for the person.

Further the number six hundred for ''vamana'' and ''virechana'' preparations is not restrictive, it is only for guidance to brilliant scholars to formulate more while it would serve as standard for average physician.

Further the number six hundred for [[vamana]] and [[virechana]] preparations is not restrictive, it is only for guidance to brilliant scholars to formulate more while it would serve as standard for average physician.

Thus, the first chapter ''Madanakalpa'' throws the light on complete [[Kalpa Sthana]] and also deals with the basic concepts to understand the habitat, collection and storage of unprocessed drugs (or ingredients) and the pharmacodynamics of ''vamana'' and ''virechana'' drugs.

Thus, the first chapter ''Madanakalpa'' throws the light on complete [[Kalpa Sthana]] and also deals with the basic concepts to understand the habitat, collection and storage of unprocessed drugs (or ingredients) and the pharmacodynamics of [[vamana]] and [[virechana]] drugs.

</div>

</div>