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Line 769: − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − ''Langhana'' is contraindicated in diseases / disorders caused purely by ''vata''. But when ''vata'' gets associated with excessively provoked ''kapha, pitta, rakta,'' and ''mala, shodhana'' (purificatory) method of lightening therapy should be used. Even though ''asthapana'' ''basti'' (non-unctuous enema) is ''vata shamaka'' (pacifying), it is ''ruksha'' in nature and can aggravate the ''vata''. So ''asthapana basti'' (non-unctuous enema) should be used judiciously wherever indicated.+ − + − + − +
→Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences)
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Drava
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Drava
|-
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''5''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | 5
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Vishada''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Vishada
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Pichchila''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Pichchila
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Vishada''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Vishada
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Pichchila''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Pichchila
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''--------''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | --------
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''----------''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ----------
|-
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''6''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | 6
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''----------''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ----------
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Bahala''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Bahala
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''----------------''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ----------------
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''------------''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ------------
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''-----------''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | -----------
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''----------''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ----------
|-
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''7''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | 7
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Ruksha''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Ruksha
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Snigdha''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Snigdha
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Ruksha''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Ruksha
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Snigdha''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Snigdha
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Ruksha– Snigdha''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Ruksha– Snigdha
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Ruksha''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Ruksha
|-
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''8''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | 8
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''------------''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ------------
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Manda''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Manda
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''------------''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ------------
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Manda''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Manda
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''-------------''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | -------------
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Manda''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Manda
|-
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''9''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | 9
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Sukshma''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Sukshma
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Sthula''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Sthula
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''------------''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ------------
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Sthula''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Sthula
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Sukshma''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Sukshma
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Sukshma''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Sukshma
|-
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''10''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | 10
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Khara''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Khara
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Shlakshna''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Shlakshna
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Khara''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Khara
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''---------''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ---------
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''-------------''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | -------------
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Shlakshna''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Shlakshna
|-
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''11''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | 11
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Sara''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Sara
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Sthira''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Sthira
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Sthira''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Sthira
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Sara''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Sara
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Sthira- Sara''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Sthira- Sara
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Sthira''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Sthira
|-
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''12''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | 12
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''kathina''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | kathina
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''------------''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ------------
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Kathina''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Kathina
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''-----------''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | -----------
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''------------''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ------------
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''------------''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ------------
|-
|-
|}
|}
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
There are seven overlapping qualities in the drugs employed in ''Brimhana'' and ''Snehana'' and five overlapping qualities in the drugs employed in ''Brimhana'' and ''Stambhana''.
There are seven overlapping qualities in the drugs employed in [[brimhana]] and [[snehana]] and five overlapping qualities in the drugs employed in [[brimhana]] and [[stambhana]].
Though they are of similar qualities, they should not be concluded to be one and the same. In ''Langhana'' drugs, the qualities of lightness are dominant, while in ''Rukshana'', the drugs employed possess predominantly drying or desiccating qualities. Further, lightness can be induced through non-drug based therapies (''adravyabhuta'') such as fasting. However, dryness can only be brought about by drugs.
Though they are of similar qualities, they should not be concluded to be one and the same. In [[langhana]] drugs, the qualities of lightness are dominant, while in [[rukshana]], the drugs employed possess predominantly drying or desiccating qualities. Further, lightness can be induced through non-drug based therapies (adravyabhuta) such as fasting. However, dryness can only be brought about by drugs.
Thus, all these therapies are distinct even when possessing similarities in certain qualities.
Thus, all these therapies are distinct even when possessing similarities in certain qualities.
The ''Apatarpana'' type of treatments is related to ''agni'' + ''vayu'' + ''akasha mahabhuta'' dominant qualities in general whereas the ''Santarpana'' type of treatments is related to ''Prithvi'' + ''jala''.
The "Apatarpana" type of treatments is related to [[agni]] + [[vayu]] + [[akasha mahabhuta]] dominant qualities in general whereas the '"Santarpana" type of treatments is related to [[Prithvi]] + [[jala]].
All these (above mentioned) six types of treatments should be used in treating all the diseases. (9-17)
All these (above mentioned) six types of treatments should be used in treating all the diseases. (9-17)
Exposure to the wind can produce lightness in the body, but exposure to cold wind cannot produce lightness. The practical mode of ''maruta sevana'' includes walking or running in open place as exercise. The various types of breathing exercises including ''pranayama'' are included in this category. The drugs which are employed to improve digestion are dominant in ''vayu'' and ''agni mahabhuta''. ''Atapa sevana'' includes sunbath or exposure to ultraviolet rays present in the sunlight of early morning. (18)
Exposure to the wind can produce lightness in the body, but exposure to cold wind cannot produce lightness. The practical mode of "maruta sevana" includes walking or running in open place as exercise. The various types of breathing exercises including "pranayama" are included in this category. The drugs which are employed to improve digestion are dominant in [[vayu]] and [[agni mahabhuta]]. "Atapa sevana" includes sunbath or exposure to ultraviolet rays present in the sunlight of early morning. (18)
[[Langhana]] is contraindicated in diseases / disorders caused purely by [[vata]]. But when [[vata]] gets associated with excessively provoked [[kapha]], [[pitta]], [[rakta]],and [[mala]], shodhana (purificatory) method of lightening therapy should be used. Even though asthapana [[basti]] (non-unctuous enema) is [[vata]] shamaka (pacifying), it is ruksha in nature and can aggravate the [[vata]]. So asthapana [[basti]] (non-unctuous enema) should be used judiciously wherever indicated.
The word ''adau'' (आदौ) is used for disorders caused by a moderate intensity of ''kapha'' and ''pitta'', such as ''chhardi'' (vomiting). In these conditions, after reducing ''dosha'' by digestive medicines (''pachana''), pacification of ''dosha'' (samshamana) shall be done. But sometimes the ''pachana'' method may not be enough to treat the disease, requiring other methods of ''Langhana'' to be explored. In strong people where the diseases manifest with the mild or little intensity of ''doshas'', any treatment course includes ''vyayama'' (exercise) and ''maruta atapa sevana'' (exposure to wind and the sun).
The word ''adau'' (आदौ) is used for disorders caused by a moderate intensity of [[kapha]] and [[pitta]], such as chhardi (vomiting). In these conditions, after reducing [[dosha]] by digestive medicines ([[pachana]]), pacification of [[dosha]] (samshamana) shall be done. But sometimes the [[pachana]] method may not be enough to treat the disease, requiring other methods of [[langhana]] to be explored. In strong people where the diseases manifest with the mild or little intensity of [[dosha]], any treatment course includes vyayama (exercise) and maruta atapa sevana(exposure to wind and the sun).
The increase of ''dhatus'' takes place naturally in the winter season (''shishira ritu'') due to ''visarga kala'' (winter solstice). This increase in ''dhatus'' occurs in conjunction with ''kapha''. At this juncture, the rational application of ''Langhana'' does not produce any adverse effect in people afflicted with ''vata'' diseases or possessing ''vata prakriti''.14/10-11]
The increase of [[dhatus]] takes place naturally in the winter season (shishira ritu) due to visarga kala (winter solstice). This increase in [[dhatus]] occurs in conjunction with [[kapha]]. At this juncture, the rational application of [[langhana]] does not produce any adverse effect in people afflicted with [[vata]] diseases or possessing [[vata]] [[Prakriti]].14/10-11]
The three categories of ''Langhana'' according to the intensity of disease and ''dosha'' aggravation are described in detail in the third chapter of [[Vimana Sthana]].
The three categories of [[langhana]] according to the intensity of disease and [[dosha]] aggravation are described in detail in the third chapter of [[Vimana Sthana]].
==== Contemporary researches ====
==== Contemporary researches ====