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The three domains involved in normal functioning of intellect are dhi (intelligence), dhriti (restraint) and smriti (memory).Any error in these three faculties1 can lead to intellectual defect or error. The error is termed as ‘vibhramsha’ or a specific defect.

The three domains involved in normal functioning of intellect are dhi (intelligence), dhriti (restraint) and smriti (memory).Any error in these three faculties1 can lead to intellectual defect or error. The error is termed as ‘vibhramsha’ or a specific defect.

    

    

a)Defective comprehension (dhi vibhramsha) (SAT-A.196): Intelligence (dhi) has the power of understanding or comprehension. Incorrect comprehension or knowledge occurs due to defective intelligence. The intellect judges the beneficial as non-beneficial and vice versa. If something eternal is viewed as ephemeral and something harmful as useful, and vice versa, this is indicative of the impairment of intellect. For, the normal intellect views things as they are. [Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 1/99]

'''a)Defective comprehension (dhi vibhramsha)''' (SAT-A.196): Intelligence (dhi) has the power of understanding or comprehension. Incorrect comprehension or knowledge occurs due to defective intelligence. The intellect judges the beneficial as non-beneficial and vice versa. If something eternal is viewed as ephemeral and something harmful as useful, and vice versa, this is indicative of the impairment of intellect. For, the normal intellect views things as they are. [Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 1/99]

b)Defective restraint (dhriti vibramsha) (SAT-A.197): Restraint (dhriti) is the power of retention/ resolution, stability or control over intellectual functions. The ideal control of the intellect keeps the mind and the sense organs away from harmful things. When this control is lost, the person indulges in harmful things. Addictions to alcohol, smoking, etc. are the result of this kind of error. The mind indulging in worldly enjoyments cannot be restrained from harmful objects due to the impairment of dhriti (controlling power). Dhriti that can restrain the mind (from its harmful objects). [Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]]1/100]

'''b)Defective restraint (dhriti vibramsha)''' (SAT-A.197): Restraint (dhriti) is the power of retention/ resolution, stability or control over intellectual functions. The ideal control of the intellect keeps the mind and the sense organs away from harmful things. When this control is lost, the person indulges in harmful things. Addictions to alcohol, smoking, etc. are the result of this kind of error. The mind indulging in worldly enjoyments cannot be restrained from harmful objects due to the impairment of dhriti (controlling power). Dhriti that can restrain the mind (from its harmful objects). [Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]]1/100]

c)Defective recall or memory (smriti vibramsha) (SAT-A.198): Remembrance of things that are directly seen, heard (scriptures) or experienced is memory. In practical life, memory reminds the person to the decision of intellect about harmful or beneficial things. If the memory is impaired due to a person being overcome by rajas and tamas, the recollection of knowledge of reality or self is impaired. This is known as the impairment of smriti. Normally smriti contains everything memorable. Thus, the person indulges in wrong or harmful things. [Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 1/101]

'''c)Defective recall or memory (smriti vibramsha)''' (SAT-A.198): Remembrance of things that are directly seen, heard (scriptures) or experienced is memory. In practical life, memory reminds the person to the decision of intellect about harmful or beneficial things. If the memory is impaired due to a person being overcome by rajas and tamas, the recollection of knowledge of reality or self is impaired. This is known as the impairment of smriti. Normally smriti contains everything memorable. Thus, the person indulges in wrong or harmful things. [Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 1/101]

Actions induced by intellectual defect:  

Actions induced by intellectual defect:  

c) Mental (manasika): related to thoughts

c) Mental (manasika): related to thoughts

==Importance in diagnosis ==  

==Importance in diagnosis ==  

Intellectual error (prajnaparadha) is mentioned as the main causative factor for psychosis (unmada).[Cha. Sa. [[Nidana Sthana]] 7/10]

Intellectual error (prajnaparadha) is mentioned as the main causative factor for psychosis (unmada).[Cha. Sa. [[Nidana Sthana]] 7/10]