Changes

=== Mode of action of therapeutic emesis (vamana) ===

=== Mode of action of therapeutic emesis (vamana) ===

*''Ushna-Tikshna-Sukshma-Vyavayi'' and ''vikasi'' are the common properties of the ''Vamanakarma dravya''. According to Sushruta, the ''ushna'' property has ''pachana karma'' <ref>Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.46 annapanavidhi Adhyaya verse 515. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1.</ref>.Chakrapani (the commentator on [[Charaka Samhita]]) states that ''ushna'' means ''ushna veeryam''. This has been cleared in AshtÁnga Sangraha by Vagabhata and the function are like ''dahana'' and ''pachana'' and having ability to decrease ''vata'' and ''kapha dosha'' <ref>Indu, Vagbhata,Ashtanga Sanngraha, Sutra Sthana 17 Dravyadiivijnaniya, Verse 15.In: Varanasi,Chaukhambha Sanskrit Series Office, </ref>. Sushruta defines that ''tikshna'' as the property produces ''daha, paka'' and ''srava''<ref> Sushruta Samhita of Susruta, with the Nibandhasangraha Commentary of Sri Dlhanacharya, Edited by Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya, Published by Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi, 1992 Sutra sthana 46/518</ref>. According to Charaka, ''Tikshna guna'' is ''vichchindana'' <ref> Charaka Samhita by Agnivesha revised by Charaka and Dridhabala with the [[Ayurveda]]-Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta, Edited by Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya, published by Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1984. Kalpa sthana 1/5</ref>. Chakrapani clarified the word as ''vichchindayati'', means breaking down the complex morbid matter into simple molecules. The ''Sukshma guna'' reaches to minute ''srotasa'' and remove the morbid matter to bring it to reach the ''amashaya'' according to Dalhana (S.Ci.33/33). The ''Vyavayi'' drugs, when administered initiate the action immediately and thereafter bio-transformation takes place. Sushruta has clarified that ''Vikasi'' drugs causes laxity in ''dhatubandhana'' (S.Su. 46/523).Due to above mentioned properties ''Vamana'' drugs are beneficial for therapeutic emesis.  

*''Ushna-Tikshna-Sukshma-Vyavayi'' and ''vikasi'' are the common properties of the ''Vamanakarma dravya''. According to Sushruta, the ''ushna'' property has ''pachana karma'' <ref>Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.46 annapanavidhi Adhyaya verse 515. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1.</ref>.Chakrapani (the commentator on [[Charaka Samhita]]) states that ''ushna'' means ''ushna veeryam''. This has been cleared in AshtÁnga Sangraha by Vagabhata and the function are like ''dahana'' and ''pachana'' and having ability to decrease ''vata'' and ''kapha dosha'' <ref>Indu, Vagbhata,Ashtanga Sanngraha, Sutra Sthana 17 Dravyadiivijnaniya, Verse 15.In:Dr Shivaprasad Sharma editor,Astanga Sangraha, ? ed.,Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, 2006 Pp965. </ref>. Sushruta defines that ''tikshna'' as the property produces ''daha, paka'' and ''srava''<ref>Dalhana, Sushruta,Sutra sthana Cha 46, Annapana Vidhi Adhyaya , Verse 518  In:Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya,editors, Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia,1992.</ref>. According to Charaka, ''Tikshna guna'' is ''vichchindana'' <ref>Chakrapanani,Charaka, Kalpa sthana 1 Madanakalpa Adhyaya, Verse 5, In: Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya, published by Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1984.</ref>. Chakrapani clarified the word as ''vichchindayati'', means breaking down the complex morbid matter into simple molecules. The ''Sukshma guna'' reaches to minute ''srotasa'' and remove the morbid matter to bring it to reach the ''amashaya'' according to Dalhana <ref>Dalhana, Sushruta,Chikitsa sthana Cha 33, Vamanavirechana sadhyopadrava Chikitsitam Adhyaya , Verse 33 In:Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya,editors, Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia,1992.</ref>. The ''Vyavayi'' drugs, when administered initiate the action immediately and thereafter bio-transformation takes place. Sushruta has clarified that ''Vikasi'' drugs causes laxity in ''dhatubandhana'' <ref>Dalhana, Sushruta,Sutra sthana Cha 46, Annapana Vidhi Adhyaya , Verse 5523  In:Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya,editors, Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia,1992.</ref>.Due to above mentioned properties ''Vamana'' drugs are beneficial for therapeutic emesis.  

*''Vamana'' (emesis) is one of the five physio-therapeutic procedures to eliminate impurities through gastro-oral route emerged due to aggravated ''kapha'' in human body. It is to be noted for vitiation of each ''dosha'' viz. ''kapha, pitta'' and ''vata,'' three therapeutic procedures ''vamana, virechana'' and ''basti'' are recommended respectively.

*''Vamana'' (emesis) is one of the five physio-therapeutic procedures to eliminate impurities through gastro-oral route emerged due to aggravated ''kapha'' in human body. It is to be noted for vitiation of each ''dosha'' viz. ''kapha, pitta'' and ''vata,'' three therapeutic procedures ''vamana, virechana'' and ''basti'' are recommended respectively.

*''Vamana'' is the foremost therapeutic procedure among [[Panchakarma]] (five therapeutic procedures). If ''virechana karma'' is performed prior to ''vamana'', there are all possibilities of vitiation of the ''kapha''. This vitiated ''kapha'' having ''guru-snigdha guna'' with impurities descends down to ''grahani'' (the seat of ''agni'') and with the result of that ''pravahika'' is developed(S.Ci.33/19).

*''Vamana'' is the foremost therapeutic procedure among [[Panchakarma]] (five therapeutic procedures). If ''virechana karma'' is performed prior to ''vamana'', there are all possibilities of vitiation of the ''kapha''. This vitiated ''kapha'' having ''guru-snigdha guna'' with impurities descends down to ''grahani'' (the seat of ''agni'') and with the result of that ''pravahika'' is developed.<ref>Dalhana, Sushruta,Chikitsa sthana Cha 33 Vamanavirechana sadhyopadrava Chikitsitam Adhyaya, Verse 19  In:Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya,editors, Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia,1992.</ref>.

*Its importance has been realized in ''rasayana'' and ''vajikarana'' therapy; therefore, it is mandatory to do ''vamanakarma'' before aforesaid therapies for excellent results. Thus, it is obvious that [[Panchakarma]] has dual benefits i.e., health preventive and disease curative.   

*Its importance has been realized in ''rasayana'' and ''vajikarana'' therapy; therefore, it is mandatory to do ''vamanakarma'' before aforesaid therapies for excellent results. Thus, it is obvious that [[Panchakarma]] has dual benefits i.e., health preventive and disease curative.   

*''Virechana, vireka, chhardi, chardana, vami, ullekhana, lekhana, shodhana'' and ''sansodhana'' are the various synonyms of ''vamana'' as found in Ayurvedic classics.

*''Virechana, vireka, chhardi, chardana, vami, ullekhana, lekhana, shodhana'' and ''sansodhana'' are the various synonyms of ''vamana'' as found in Ayurvedic classics.

*''Vamanakarma'', causes cleanliness of the stomach, which enhances ''kayagni'' (body fire), diseases get pacified, normalcy is maintained, sense organ, intellect, and complexion are improved, strength, nourishment, progeny and potency are produced, the old age does not his hold easily and the person lives long from disorders. Therefore, one should use the evacuation therapy (Ca.Su.16/17-19).

*''Vamanakarma'', causes cleanliness of the stomach, which enhances ''kayagni'' (body fire), diseases get pacified, normalcy is maintained, sense organ, intellect, and complexion are improved, strength, nourishment, progeny and potency are produced, the old age does not his hold easily and the person lives long from disorders. Therefore, one should use the evacuation therapy [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 16/17-19].

*Evacuated ''doshas'' never reoccur, if they are subdued with evacuation therapy. ''Vamana karma'' is considered the best line of therapeutic procedure for all the diseases having ''kaphaja'' origin (Ca.Su. 33/19).  

*Evacuated ''doshas'' never reoccur, if they are subdued with evacuation therapy. ''Vamana karma'' is considered the best line of therapeutic procedure for all the diseases having ''kaphaja'' origin [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 33/19]Sharangadhara. Sharangadhara Samhita. Translated from Sanskrit by K.R. Srikantha Murthy. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha orientalia;2016.pp--.  

*''Sharngadhara'' in ''Sharngadhara Samhita'' stated that ''apakva pitta'' and ''kapha'' are forcefully expelled out through the upward route. Thus ''vamana'' is the best for vitiated ''kapha'' and ''apakva pitta'' <ref>Sharangadhara Samhita of  Sharangadhara with the commentary of Addhmala’Dipika commentary , Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi-221001, Third Edition-1983.Purva khanda 8/7 </ref>.

*''Sharngadhara'' in ''Sharngadhara Samhita'' stated that ''apakva pitta'' and ''kapha'' are forcefully expelled out through the upward route. Thus ''vamana'' is the best for vitiated ''kapha'' and ''apakva pitta'' <ref>Addhamala,Sharangadhara,Sharangadhara Samhita, Purva khanda Chapter 8, Verse 7,ed. 3,Varanasi : Chaukhambha Orientalia,1983.</ref>.

=== Phytochemistry of madanaphala===

=== Phytochemistry of madanaphala===