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=== Introduction ===

=== Introduction ===

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In the earlier chapter on eight undesirable bodily features, the focus of the study was on two of the most undesirable kinds - ''sthula'' (obesity) and ''krisha'' (too thin/skinny/emaciated). The present chapter deals with types of treatments suitable for both body types as well as other similar pathologies. There are four types of pathologies described in Ayurveda: ''atipravritti'' (excessive elimination), ''sanga'' (obstruction), ''sira granthi'' (tumor/varicosity), and ''vimarga gamana'' (improperly directed circulation). A disease could be of any of these four pathology types, but its affliction could manifest in different forms depending upon the unique body constitution of the patient and combination of ''doshas, dhatus, mala,'' etc., explained in prior chapters. To tackle such afflictions, Ayurveda describes six types of therapeutic measures: ''Langhana'' (reduction), ''Brimhana'' (nourishing), ''Rukshana'' (drying), ''Stambhana'' (astringent/styptic), ''Snehana'' (oleation), and ''Swedana'' (sudation). In the case of excessive discharge of anything from the body, ''Stambhana'' (a procedure that slows or stops the discharge) is advised. While in the case of obstructions, ''Langhana, Swedana,'' or ''Rukshana'' are advised. In cases of excessively vitiated ''dosha, Langhana'' (reducing therapy) is indicated to bring the elevated ''dosha'' to a state of equilibrium, whereas in a case of degeneration, ''Brimhana'' (nourishing therapy) and ''Snehana'' (oleation) are prescribed. The ''Snehana'' and ''Swedana'' therapies are described in detail in thirteenth and fourteenth chapters of this section respectively. This chapter describes remaining four therapies , i.e.,''Langhana, Brimhana, Stambhana,'' and ''Rukshana.''

In the earlier chapter on eight undesirable bodily features, the focus of the study was on two of the most undesirable kinds - ''sthula'' (obesity) and ''krisha'' (too thin/skinny/emaciated). The present chapter deals with types of treatments suitable for both conditions as well as other similar pathologies. There are four types of pathologies described in Ayurveda: ''atipravritti'' (excessive elimination), ''sanga'' (obstruction), ''sira granthi'' (tumor/varicosity), and ''vimarga gamana'' (improperly directed circulation). A disease could be of any of these four pathology types, but its affliction could manifest in different forms depending upon the unique body constitution of the patient and combination of ''doshas, dhatus, mala,'' etc., explained in prior chapters. To tackle such afflictions, Ayurveda describes six types of therapeutic measures: ''Langhana'' (reduction), ''Brimhana'' (nourishing), ''Rukshana'' (drying), ''Stambhana'' (astringent/styptic), ''Snehana'' (oleation), and ''Swedana'' (sudation). In the case of excessive discharge of anything from the body, ''Stambhana'' (a procedure that slows or stops the discharge) is advised. While in the case of obstructions, ''Langhana, Swedana,'' or ''Rukshana'' are advised. In cases of excessively vitiated ''dosha, Langhana'' (reducing therapy) is indicated to bring the elevated ''dosha'' to a state of equilibrium, whereas in a case of degeneration, ''Brimhana'' (nourishing therapy) and ''Snehana'' (oleation) are prescribed. The ''Snehana'' and ''Swedana'' therapies are described in detail in thirteenth and fourteenth chapters of this section respectively. This chapter describes remaining four therapies , i.e.,''Langhana, Brimhana, Stambhana,'' and ''Rukshana.''

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===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation===

===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation===

Thus in the chapter titled “Reducing and nourishing therapies," the six therapies which comprise the entire field of therapeutics have been expounded by the Lord Atreya (teacher) as per the inquiries of the disciples. [44]

Thus in the chapter titled “Reducing and nourishing therapies," the six therapies which comprise the entire field of therapeutics have been expounded by the Lord Atreya (teacher) as per the inquiries of the disciples. [44]

=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' ===

=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' / Fundamental Principles ===

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*''Langhana'' (reducing) therapy is indicated in obese persons and those diseases with obstructive pathology due to excessively vitiated ''doshas''.

*''Langhana'' (reducing) therapy is indicated in obese persons and those diseases with obstructive pathology due to excessively vitiated ''doshas''.

*The group of six treatments (''shadupakramas'') includes ''Langhana, Rukshana, Swedana, Brimhana, Snehana,'' and ''Stambhana''. The first three of these are reducing in nature, while the latter three are nourishing.  

*The group of six treatments (''shadupakramas'') includes ''Langhana, Rukshana, Swedana, Brimhana, Snehana,'' and ''Stambhana''. The first three of these are reducing in nature, while the latter three are nourishing.  

=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' ===

=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' /Applied Inferences ===

Above described six therapies are grouped into ''Apatarpana'' (''Langhana'', or reducing) and ''Santarpana'' (''Brimhana'', or nourishing). In ''Apatarpana'' – lightening, dryness, and sudation therapies, and in ''Santarpana'' – nourishing, unctuousness, and astringent therapies have been mentioned. (3-8)

Above described six therapies are grouped into ''Apatarpana'' (''Langhana'', or reducing) and ''Santarpana'' (''Brimhana'', or nourishing). In ''Apatarpana'' – lightening, dryness, and sudation therapies, and in ''Santarpana'' – nourishing, unctuousness, and astringent therapies have been mentioned. (3-8)