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Kiyanta Shiraseeya Adhyaya (view source)
Revision as of 11:32, 8 December 2017
, 11:32, 8 December 2017→Samsarga and Sannipata
Table for Sannipata:
Table for Sannipata:
Sr.No. vata pitta kapha Signs
{| class="wikitable"
1. Increased Normal Decreased Bheda (unstable breaking pain) and Daha (burning sensation),Shrama( fatigue) and Daurbalya (weakness)
! ''Sr.No.'' !! ''Vata'' !! ''Pitta'' !! ''Kapha '' !! ''Signs''
|-
3. Normal Increased Decreased Daha (burning sensation) and colicky pain (Shula)
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''1''
4. Decreased Increased Normal Jwara (fever) accompanied with Gaurava (heaviness) and Tandra (drowsiness)
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Increased''
5. Normal Decreased Increased Sheetaka (cold), Gaurava (heaviness) and Ruja (pain)
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Normal''
6. Decreased Normal Increased Mruduagni (slow digestion), Shirograha (stiffness of head), Nidra (excessive sleep), Tandra (drowsiness), Pralap (delirium), Hridroga (heart disorders), Gatragaurava (heaviness in the body), Nakhadi pitatva (yellowness in nails etc) and kapha-pitta shthivana (spitting of kapha –pitta)
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Decreased''
7. Decreased Increased Increased Arochaka (anorexia), Avipaka (indigestion), Sadana (asthenia), Gaurava (heaviness), Rhallasa (nausea), Aasya strava (salivation), pandu (anaemia), Duyata (fumy sensation sensation of mouth, throat and palate (Dūyana)), Mada (intoxication) and Vireka vaishmya (irregularity of bowels) and Anala vaishamya (irregular digestion)
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Bheda (unstable breaking pain) and Daha (burning sensation),Shrama( fatigue) and Daurbalya (weakness)''
8. Increased Decreased Increased Stambha (stiffness), Shaitya(coldness), Toda (unstable pricking pain), Gaurava (heaviness), Agni Mruduta (slow digestion), Ashraddha (disinclination for food), Pravepana (tremors), Nakha shuklata (pallor of nails etc), and Gatraparushya (roughness of the body parts)
|-
9. Increased Increased Decreased Bhrama (giddiness),Udweshtana( cramps), Toda (pricking pain), Daha (burning sensation), Sphutana ( disruption/cracks),Vepana ( tremors), Angamarda (body-ache), Parishosha(dehydration/wasting), fumes sensation of mouth, throat and palate and smoke from mouth
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''1''
10. Decreased Decreased Increased Obstruction of the Srotas, complete loss of movement, loss of speech and fainting
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Increased''
11. Decreased Increased Decreased affecting the Ojas causes malaise (Glāni), indriyadaurbalya (asthenia of senses), Trushna (thirst), Murchha (fainting) and Kriyakshayam (decreased physiological functions.
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Decreased''
12. Increased Decreased Decreased Compression of the vital centres, destroys consciousness or excessively trembles the whole body
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Normal''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Shula (Colicky pain), Shaitya (coldness), Stambha (stiffness) and Gaurava (heaviness)''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''3''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Normal''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Increased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Decreased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Daha (burning sensation) and colicky pain (Shula)''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''4''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Decreased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Increased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Normal''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Jwara (fever) accompanied with Gaurava (heaviness) and Tandra (drowsiness)''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''5''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Normal''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Decreased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Increased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Sheetaka (cold), Gaurava (heaviness) and Ruja (pain)''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''6''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Decreased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Normal''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Increased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Mruduagni (slow digestion), Shirograha (stiffness of head), Nidra (excessive sleep), Tandra (drowsiness), Pralap (delirium), Hridroga (heart disorders), Gatragaurava (heaviness in the body), Nakhadi pitatva (yellowness in nails etc) and kapha-pitta shthivana (spitting of kapha –pitta)''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''7''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Decreased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Increased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Increased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Arochaka (anorexia), Avipaka (indigestion), Sadana (asthenia), Gaurava (heaviness), Rhallasa (nausea), Aasyastrava (salivation), pandu (anaemia), Duyata (fumy sensation sensation of mouth, throat and palate (Dūyana)), Mada (intoxication) and Virekavaishmya (irregularity of bowels) and Anala vaishamya (irregular digestion)''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''8''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Increased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Decreased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Increased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Stambha (stiffness), Shaitya(coldness), Toda (unstable pricking pain), Gaurava (heaviness), AgniMruduta (slow digestion), Ashraddha (disinclination for food), Pravepana (tremors), Nakha shuklata (pallor of nails etc), and Gatraparushya (roughness of the body parts)''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''9''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Increased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Increased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Decreased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Bhrama (giddiness),Udweshtana( cramps), Toda (pricking pain), Daha (burning sensation), Sphutana ( disruption/cracks),Vepana ( tremors), Angamarda (body-ache), Parishosha(dehydration/wasting), fumes sensation of mouth, throat and palate and smoke from mouth''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''10''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Decreased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Decreased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Increased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Obstruction of the Srotas, complete loss of movement, loss of speech and fainting''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''11''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Decreased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Increased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Decreased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''affecting the Ojas causes malaise (Glāni), indriyadaurbalya (asthenia of senses), Trushna (thirst), Murchha (fainting) and Kriyakshayam (decreased physiological functions.''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''12''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Increased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Decreased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Decreased''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Compression of the vital centres, destroys consciousness or excessively trembles the whole body''
|-
|}
'''''Ojas''''': Ojas is well known and defined in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda] in terms of its functions, its importance, its types and its sites of functions within the body. It has been described in this text as a clear and slightly red-yellowish fluid situated in the heart is known as ''ojas'', the destruction of which leads to death. Its colour resembles to that of ''ghee'', taste is like honey and its smell is like that of roasted paddy (Verses 73-75). But its interpretation in modern physiological terms is confusing. In this chapter a hint has been given in this regard that ''ojas'' is a first thing created in the body of all living creatures. The symptoms of diminished ''ojas'' include timidity, debility, constant worry, discomfort of the senses, loss of lustre, neurasthenia, dryness and emaciation.
'''''Ojas''''': Ojas is well known and defined in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda] in terms of its functions, its importance, its types and its sites of functions within the body. It has been described in this text as a clear and slightly red-yellowish fluid situated in the heart is known as ''ojas'', the destruction of which leads to death. Its colour resembles to that of ''ghee'', taste is like honey and its smell is like that of roasted paddy (Verses 73-75). But its interpretation in modern physiological terms is confusing. In this chapter a hint has been given in this regard that ''ojas'' is a first thing created in the body of all living creatures. The symptoms of diminished ''ojas'' include timidity, debility, constant worry, discomfort of the senses, loss of lustre, neurasthenia, dryness and emaciation.
'''''Āvarita madhumeha (type 1 Diabetes mellitus)''''': Two scenarios that cause provocation of ''vata'' have been mentioned: decrease of ''dhatu'' (''dhatu kshaya'') and ''avarana''(cover)[Cha. Chi. 28/59]. The description of ''madhumeha'', provided earlier in this chapter, provides a good example of ''avarana''.That a provoked or vitiated ''vata'' causes ''madhumeha'' has also been reiterated in the [[Nidana Sthana]]. All the factors that cause decrease of body tissues lead to provocation of ''vāta''. But even though ''madhumeha'' is caused by a vitiated ''vata'', its etiological factors also cause an increase in ''kapha'' and ''pitta''. The comparison of ''nidana'' of ''madhumeha'' mentioned in these two different references is tabulated here:
'''''Āvarita madhumeha (type 1 Diabetes mellitus)''''': Two scenarios that cause provocation of ''vata'' have been mentioned: decrease of ''dhatu'' (''dhatu kshaya'') and ''avarana''(cover)[Cha. Chi. 28/59]. The description of ''madhumeha'', provided earlier in this chapter, provides a good example of ''avarana''.That a provoked or vitiated ''vata'' causes ''madhumeha'' has also been reiterated in the [[Nidana Sthana]]. All the factors that cause decrease of body tissues lead to provocation of ''vāta''. But even though ''madhumeha'' is caused by a vitiated ''vata'', its etiological factors also cause an increase in ''kapha'' and ''pitta''. The comparison of ''nidana'' of ''madhumeha'' mentioned in these two different references is tabulated here:
Causative Factors Causative factors of
{| class="wikitable"
Dhatu kshayaja VaatikMadhumeha (Nidana Sthana) Causative factors of Aavaranjanya vatik Madhumeha
! ''Causative Factors'' !! ''Causative factors of Dhatu kshayaja VaatikMadhumeha(Nidana Sthana)'' !! ''Causative factors of Aavaranjanya vatik Madhumeha ( Sutra Sthana)''
( Sutra Sthana)
|-
Excessive use of Rasa (Taste) Indulgence in intake of katu, tikta, kashaya rasa dominant food articles Indulgence in intake of, lavana and amla rasa dominant food articles
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Excessive use of Rasa (Taste)''
Excessive use of Guna ruksha, laghu, shita, guru, snigdha, navam-anna-pana
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Indulgence in intake of katu, tikta, kashaya rasa dominant food articles ''
Food habit langhana samashana
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Indulgence in intake of, lavana and amla rasa dominant food articles ''
Life style Excessive indulgence in sex, exercise, late night awakening, Excessive sleep, or sedentary life style with no physical activities
|-
Shodhana Excessive shodhana aśhodhana
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Excessive use of Guna''
Mental factors udvega tyakta-chintaa
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''ruksha, laghu, shita, ''
Increase of vata Increase of kapha, pitta, medas, mamsa and aavirita
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''guru, snigdha, navam-anna-pana''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Food habit''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''langhana''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''samashana''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Life style''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Excessive indulgence in sex, exercise, late night awakening,''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Excessive sleep, or sedentary life style with no physical activities ''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Shodhana''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Excessive shodhana''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''aśhodhana''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Mental factors''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''udvega''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''tyakta-chintaa''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Increase of ''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''vata''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Increase of kapha, pitta, medas, mamsa and aavirita Vata''
|-
|}
It is obvious from the above table that in case of ''avarita'', ''madhumeha'' initially causes an increase in ''kapha, pitta, meda'' and ''māmsa'' leading to an obstruction of functional pathways of ''vata,'' furthering its provocation, thereby increasing the severity of ''madhumeha''. In such a condition, the treatment is ''apatarpana'' and not of ''vata'' i.e. ''santarpana'' (Verses 78-81).
It is obvious from the above table that in case of ''avarita'', ''madhumeha'' initially causes an increase in ''kapha, pitta, meda'' and ''māmsa'' leading to an obstruction of functional pathways of ''vata,'' furthering its provocation, thereby increasing the severity of ''madhumeha''. In such a condition, the treatment is ''apatarpana'' and not of ''vata'' i.e. ''santarpana'' (Verses 78-81).
Thus, this chapter is very important as it deals with the disorders of three vital parts of the body (''trimarma''). It also describes very important aspects of pathogenesis caused due to combinations of vitiated ''dosha'' viz. ''samsarga'' and ''sannipata''. The description of ''ojas'' is a unique concept of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda]. The detailed descriptions along with etiological factors of each ''prameha pidika'' are very helpful in planning their prevention and cure.
Thus, this chapter is very important as it deals with the disorders of three vital parts of the body (''trimarma''). It also describes very important aspects of pathogenesis caused due to combinations of vitiated ''dosha'' viz. ''samsarga'' and ''sannipata''. The description of ''ojas'' is a unique concept of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda]. The detailed descriptions along with etiological factors of each ''prameha pidika'' are very helpful in planning their prevention and cure.
Table 2: Types of Pidika in different classics:
=====Table 2: Types of Pidika in different classics:=====
Sr. No. Types of Pidikā Charaka Sushruta Vagbhata Bhoj Kashypa
{| class="wikitable"
1 Sharavika + + + + +
! ''Sr. No.'' !! ''Types of Pidikā'' !! ''Caraka'' !! ''Sushruta'' !! ''Vagbhata'' !! ''Bhoj'' !! ''Kāshypa''
2 Kacchapika + + + Kurmika +
|-
3 Jalini + + + + +
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''1''
4 Sarshapi + + sarshapika sarshapika sarshapika
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Śarāvikā''
5 Alaji + + + + +
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
6 Vinata + + + - +
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
7 Vidradhi + + + + +
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
8 Masurika - + + Kullathika Arunshika
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
9 Putrini - + + Putrika -
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
10 Vidarika - + + + -
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''2''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Kacchapikā''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Kurmīka''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''3''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''jālinī ''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''4''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''sarṣapī''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''sarṣapīkā''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''sarṣapīkā''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''sarṣapīkā''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''5''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Alajī''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''6''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Vinatā''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''-''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''7''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Vidradhī''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''8''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Masurikā''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''-''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Kullathikā''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Arunshīkā''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''9''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Putrinī''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''-''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Putrikā''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''-''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''10''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Vidārīkā''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''-''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''-''
|-
|}
(Verse 82-83)
(Verse 82-83)
Types of Vidradhi (Verse 101):
=====Types of Vidradhi (Verse 101):=====
Vidradi sthana Symptom
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Vidradi sthana''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Symptom''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Pradhānamarma (hr̥daya)''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''hr̥ddhaṭṭana (Palpitation)<br><hr>Tamak (dyspnoea)<br><hr>Pramōha<br><hr>Kāsa (cough)<br><hr>Śvāsā (breathlessness)''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Klōma''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Pipāsā (dipsia)<br><hr>mukhaśōṣa (dryness of mouth)<br><hr>Galagraha''
|-
kukṣi kukshi parshvantaram sa shulam (Pain referred to the region between side of abdomen extending up to flanks)
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''yakr̥t''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Śvāsa (Breathlessness)''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Plīha''
Basti kricchra puti mutra varcasatvam (Painful micturition and defecation and putrid urine and faeces)
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Ucchvāsōparōdha (Impediment of breathing)''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''kukṣi''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''kukṣi pārśvāntarāṁ sa śūlaṁ (Pain referred to the region between side of abdomen extending up to flanks)''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''vr̥kka''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''pr̥ṣṭha kaṭi graham (stiffness of back and waist)''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Nābhi''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Hikkā (hiccups)''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''vaṅkṣaṇa''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Sakthisāda (Weakness of the thigh)''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Basti''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''kr̥cchra pūti mūtra varcasatvaṁ (Painful micturition and defecation and putrid urine and faeces)''
|-
|}
Doshanam Trividha Gati (verse 112-114)
Doshanam Trividha Gati (verse 112-114)