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|title=Dashapranayataneeya Adhyaya

|title=Dashapranayataneeya Adhyaya

|titlemode=append

|titlemode=append

|keywords=Ten seats of life forces, pranayatana, vital centers, qualities of pranabhisara (life saver) physician, characteristics of rogabhisara(life destroyer), quack, medical ethics, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.  

|keywords=Ten seats of life forces, pranayatana, vital centers, qualities of pranabhisara (life saver) physician, characteristics of rogabhisara, life destroyer, doctors, quack, medical ethics, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.  

|description=Sutra Sthana Chapter 29. The Ten Seats of Life Forces

|description=Sutra Sthana Chapter 29. The Ten Seats of Life Forces

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image_alt=carak samhita

|image_alt=carak samhita

|type=article

|type=article

|label7 = Reviewer  

|label7 = Reviewer  

|data7  = Paliwal M.

|data7  = Paliwal M.

|label8 = Editor

|label8 = Editors

|data8  = Patwardhan K.

|data8  = Patwardhan K., Deole Y.S., Basisht G.

|label9 = Date of publication  

|label9 = Year of publication  

|data9 = December 17, 2018

|data9 = 2020

|label10 = DOI

|label10 = Publisher

|data10  = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s01.031 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s01.031]

|data10 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]

|data11 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s01.031 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s01.031]

}}

}}

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

<div style="text-align:justify;">As the name suggests, the chapter provides a brief description of the ten vital sites of life forces. The characteristics to define and distinguish between the qualified physician and the quack are detailed further. The qualified physician is said to be a “companion of the life forces” (pranabhisara) that dwell in the body, especially in the ten seats specified above. On the other hand, the quack is said to be a companion of diseases (roganamabhisara). In the process of enumerating the characteristics of the qualified physician, this chapter also gives a succinct summary of the entire Sutra Sthana, implying that it represents the core subjects and skills a physician needs to acquire. The behavior of the quack is then portrayed vividly, and the chapter concludes with an express warning to the patients to never fall prey to the quack. It is also made clear that the responsibility of licensing the qualified physicians and censuring the quacks rests with the King and the State. </div>

<div style="text-align:justify;">As the name suggests, the chapter provides a brief description of the ten vital sites of life forces. The characteristics to define and distinguish between the qualified physician and the quack are detailed further. The qualified physician is said to be a “companion of the life forces” (pranabhisara) that dwell in the body, especially in the ten seats specified above. On the other hand, the quack is said to be a companion of diseases (roganamabhisara). In the process of enumerating the characteristics of the qualified physician, this chapter also gives a succinct summary of the entire Sutra Sthana, implying that it represents the core subjects and skills a physician needs to acquire. The behavior of the quack is then portrayed vividly, and the chapter concludes with an express warning to the patients to never fall prey to the quack. It is also made clear that the responsibility of licensing the qualified physicians and censuring the quacks rests with the King and the State. </div>

'''Keywords''': Ten seats of life forces, [[pranayatana]], vital centers, qualities of [[pranabhisara]], life saver physician, characteristics of ''rogabhisara''(life destroyer), medical ethics, quack.

'''Keywords''': Ten seats of life forces, [[pranayatana]], vital centers, qualities of [[pranabhisara]], life saver physician, characteristics of [[rogabhisara]](life destroyer), doctors, medical ethics, quack.

The author makes it clear at the beginning of each chapter that it is not essentially his views that are being codified but rather the views of the preceptor Atreya. The teaching becomes credible when it comes from an authentic source. When codified knowledge is transmitted, it is mandatory to reveal the source of information and also to confirm its authenticity. [2]

The author makes it clear at the beginning of each chapter that it is not essentially his views that are being codified but rather the views of the preceptor Atreya. The teaching becomes credible when it comes from an authentic source. When codified knowledge is transmitted, it is mandatory to reveal the source of information and also to confirm its authenticity. [2]

=== Concepts of importance of prana ===

=== Concepts of importance of [[prana]] ===

It is a fundamental principle in [[Ayurveda]] that any medical intervention should not work against the ''prana'' of the individual as it can lead to a decrease in the quality of life, new diseases, reduction in life span or even death. When depletive therapies are done, it has been specified that it should not be antagonistic to the factors that support life - ''pranavirodhina chainam langhanenopapadayet''. Thus, the knowledge of the seats of ''prana'' and the impact of treatments, injuries and other stresses on them is of utmost practical relevance to the physician. Any affliction to the seats of the life forces needs to be attended to promptly. Treatments succeed only when two factors are managed in the background. One is ''prana'', and the other is ''bala''. The text says that life is dependent on ''prana'' and strength is dependent on ''udana'' - ''visheshat jivitam prane udano balamuchyate'' (the life is seated in ''prana'', while the strength in ''udana'').  

It is a fundamental principle in [[Ayurveda]] that any medical intervention should not work against the [[prana]] of the individual as it can lead to a decrease in the quality of life, new diseases, reduction in life span or even death. When depletive therapies are done, it has been specified that it should not be antagonistic to the factors that support life - ''pranavirodhina chainam langhanenopapadayet''. Thus, the knowledge of the seats of ''prana'' and the impact of treatments, injuries and other stresses on them is of utmost practical relevance to the physician. Any affliction to the seats of the life forces needs to be attended to promptly. Treatments succeed only when two factors are managed in the background. One is ''prana'', and the other is ''bala''. The text says that life is dependent on ''prana'' and strength is dependent on ''udana'' - ''visheshat jivitam prane udano balamuchyate'' (the life is seated in ''prana'', while the strength in ''udana'').  

In the [[Charak Samhita]], it is mentioned in the [[Trimarmiya Siddhi]] that the ''mahamarmas'' should be protected with utmost vigilance. The protection of the ''mahamarmas'' which are the brain, heart, and bladder is known as ''mahamarmaparipalana''. A thorough knowledge of the seats of the life force, as well as the interventions to protect them, enables the physician to protect the life and strength of the patient, without which, no treatment will succeed.

In the [[Charak Samhita]], it is mentioned in the [[Trimarmiya Siddhi]] that the ''mahamarmas'' should be protected with utmost vigilance. The protection of the ''mahamarmas'' which are the brain, heart, and bladder is known as ''mahamarmaparipalana''. A thorough knowledge of the seats of the life force, as well as the interventions to protect them, enables the physician to protect the life and strength of the patient, without which, no treatment will succeed.

[[Shukra]], which is loosely translated as the semen, actually represents the potency of reproduction and renewal. It is concerned with the ability of life to renew itself, which is a challenge at the cellular level as well as the level of the organism. Life ceases to continue if it cannot renew itself. For this reason, the [[shukra]] is considered to be the seat of the life force.  

[[Shukra]], which is loosely translated as the semen, actually represents the potency of reproduction and renewal. It is concerned with the ability of life to renew itself, which is a challenge at the cellular level as well as the level of the organism. Life ceases to continue if it cannot renew itself. For this reason, the [[shukra]] is considered to be the seat of the life force.  

=== [[Ojas]] (essence) ===

=== [[Ojas]] ===

[[Ojas]] is related to immunity and is a function that manifests when all the tissues and elements of the body are optimized for structural and functional integrity. [[Ojas]] is not one substance but a network of substances and functions that expresses as the innate immunity of the organism. It goes without words that an immune system is an essential tool for survival and adaptation. Coping with stress and life-threatening situations require a robust immune system, and therefore [[ojas]] is one of the prominent seats of the life forces.

[[Ojas]] is related to immunity and is a function that manifests when all the tissues and elements of the body are optimized for structural and functional integrity. [[Ojas]] is not one substance but a network of substances and functions that expresses as the innate immunity of the organism. It goes without words that an immune system is an essential tool for survival and adaptation. Coping with stress and life-threatening situations require a robust immune system, and therefore [[ojas]] is one of the prominent seats of the life forces.

=== Guda (anus) ===

=== [[Guda]] (anus) ===

[[Guda]] denotes the anus and also the rectum as such. Rectal injuries result from a variety of insults and cause a heterogeneous spectrum of injuries to patients. Historically, many of these injuries were devastating, with high morbidity and mortality. They often required an aggressive approach to treatment including fecal stream diversion, distal rectal washout, and presacral drainage. Contemporary surgical care and a better understanding of the management of these injuries have dramatically improved outcomes. Even a digital rectal examination can sometimes induce fainting by activating the vasovagal reflex.  

 

[[Guda]] denotes the anus and also the rectum as such. Rectal injuries result from a variety of insults and cause a heterogeneous spectrum of injuries to patients. Historically, many of these injuries were devastating, with high morbidity and mortality. They often required an aggressive approach to treatment including fecal stream diversion, distal rectal washout, and presacral drainage. Contemporary surgical care and a better understanding of the management of these injuries have dramatically improved outcomes. Even a digital rectal examination can sometimes induce fainting by activating the vasovagal reflex.

=== [[Indriya]] ===

=== [[Indriya]] ===

The characteristics of a bad doctor are described in detail. This also suggests forbidden things to be avoided by good doctors. It also gives a lesson to the society that which doctors they should avoid. [8-9]

The characteristics of a bad doctor are described in detail. This also suggests forbidden things to be avoided by good doctors. It also gives a lesson to the society that which doctors they should avoid. [8-9]

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